IGICE CYA 3

Buzuzwa umwuka wera”

Ibyagezweho igihe abantu bahabwaga umwuka wera kuri Pentekote

1. Vuga uko byari byifashe ku munsi mukuru wa Pentekote.

IMIHANDA y’i Yerusalemu yari yuzuyemo abantu basakuza kandi bishimye.a Umwotsi wazamukaga ku gicaniro cyo mu rusengero, mu gihe Abalewi bo baririmbaga Haleli (Zaburi ya 113 kugeza ku ya 118). Birashoboka ko baziririmbaga bamwe batera abandi bakikiriza. Abantu benshi bari buzuye mu mihanda baturutse mu turere twa kure cyane twa Elamu, Mezopotamiya, Kapadokiya, Ponto, Egiputa na Roma.b Hari habaye iki? Wari umunsi wa Pentekote, nanone witwaga umunsi w’umuganura cyangwa umunsi wo kuzanaho “imyaka yeze bwa mbere” (Kub 28:26). Uwo munsi wizihizwaga buri mwaka, wagaragazaga ko isarura ry’ingano za sayiri rirangiye, kandi ko hatangiye isarura ry’ingano zisanzwe. Wari umunsi w’ibyishimo.

Ikarita igaragaza abantu bumvise ubutumwa bwiza kuri pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33. 1. Uturere: Libiya, Egiputa, Etiyopiya, Bituniya, Ponto, Kapadokiya, Yudaya, Mesopotamiya, Babuloni, Elamu, u Bumedi na Pariti. 2. Imigi: Roma, Alegizandiriya, Memfisi, Antiyokiya (ya Siriya), Yerusalemu na Babuloniya. 3. Amazi: Inyanja ya Mediterane, Inyanja Itukura, Inyanja y’umunyu, Inyanja ya Kasipiyene, Ikigobe cya Peresi.

YERUSALEMU YARI IHURIRO RY’IDINI RY’ABAYAHUDI

Ibyinshi mu bivugwa mu bice bya mbere by’igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe byabereye i Yerusalemu. Uwo mugi wari mu misozi yo hagati y’uruhererekane rw’imisozi ya Yudaya, ku birometero bigera kuri 55 mu burasirazuba bw’Inyanja ya Mediterane. Mu mwaka wa 1070 Mbere ya Yesu, Umwami Dawidi yigaruriye igihome cyo ku musozi wa Siyoni, kandi umugi waje kubakwa mu mpande zacyo ni wo wabaye umurwa mukuru w’ishyanga rya Isirayeli.

Hafi y’umusozi wa Siyoni hari umusozi wa Moriya, aho Aburahamu yari agiye gutambira Isaka, nk’uko bivugwa mu nkuru za kera z’Abayahudi, mu myaka igera ku 1.900 mbere y’ibivugwa mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe. Umusozi wa Moriya waje kuba kamwe mu duce tw’umugi igihe Salomo yawubakagaho urusengero rwa mbere rwa Yehova. Urwo rusengero rwabaye ihuriro ry’ubuzima rusange bw’Abayahudi na gahunda yabo yo kuyoboka Imana.

Abayahudi bose bubahaga Imana bazaga mu rusengero rwa Yehova buri gihe baturutse mu isi yose bazanywe no gutamba ibitambo, gusenga no kwizihiza iminsi mikuru yabaga mu bihe byagenwe. Ibyo babikoraga bubahiriza itegeko ry’Imana rigira riti “inshuro eshatu mu mwaka, umuntu wese w’igitsina gabo wo muri mwe ajye aza imbere ya Yehova Imana yanyu, ahantu Imana yanyu izatoranya” (Guteg 16:16). Nanone, i Yerusalemu ni ho hari Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi, ari na rwo rwari akanama gashinzwe kuyobora igihugu.

2. Ni ibihe bintu bitangaje byabaye kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33?

² Ahagana mu ma saa tatu zo muri icyo gitondo cyo mu rugaryi rwo mu mwaka wa 33, habaye ikintu cyari kuzakomeza gutangaza abantu mu binyejana byari kuzakurikiraho. “Mu buryo butunguranye humvikanye urusaku ruvuye mu ijuru rumeze nk’umuyaga mwinshi cyane” (Ibyak 2:2). Urwo rusaku rwuzuye inzu abigishwa ba Yesu bagera ku 120 bari bateraniyemo. Hanyuma habaye ikintu gitangaje cyane. Hagaragaye indimi zimeze nk’iz’umuriro, maze ururimi rujya ku mwigishwa wese muri bo.c Nuko abo bigishwa “buzuzwa umwuka wera” batangira kuvuga indimi z’amahanga. Abigishwa basohotse muri iyo nzu, bahuriye mu mihanda yo muri Yerusalemu n’abantu bari baturutse mu turere twa kure, maze abo bantu batangazwa n’uko abo bigishwa bashoboraga kuvugana na bo. Koko rero, buri wese yumvaga “bavuga ururimi rwe kavukire.”—Ibyak 2:1-6.

3. (a) Kuki twavuga ko ibyabaye kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33 ari ibintu bitazibagirana mu mateka y’ugusenga k’ukuri? (b) Disikuru ya Petero yari ihuriye he n’ikoreshwa ry’“imfunguzo z’ubwami”?

³ Iyi nkuru ishishikaje, isobanura ibintu bitazibagirana byabayeho mu gusenga k’ukuri, ni ukuvuga ishingwa ry’ishyanga rya Isirayeli yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, ari ryo torero ry’Abakristo basutsweho umwuka (Gal 6:16). Ariko ikubiyemo byinshi birenze ibyo. Igihe Petero yafataga ijambo imbere y’imbaga y’abantu bari aho kuri uwo munsi, yakoresheje urufunguzo rwa mbere mu ‘mfunguzo z’ubwami’ eshatu, buri rufunguzo rukaba rwari gutuma itsinda ry’abantu batandukanye babona imigisha idasanzwe (Mat 16:18, 19). Urwo rufunguzo rwa mbere rwatumye Abayahudi n’abandi bari barahindukiriye idini ryabo bemera ubutumwa bwiza maze basukwaho umwuka wera w’Imana.d Bityo bari babaye bamwe mu bagize Isirayeli yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, kandi ibyo byatumye bagira ibyiringiro byo kuzategeka ari abami n’abatambyi mu Bwami bwa Mesiya (Ibyah 5:9, 10). Nyuma y’igihe, Abasamariya n’Abanyamahanga na bo bari kuzagira ibyiringiro nk’ibyo. Ibyo bintu bihebuje byabaye kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, byigisha iki Abakristo bo muri iki gihe?

“Bose bari bateraniye ahantu hamwe” (Ibyak 2:1-4)

4. Ni mu buhe buryo itorero rya gikristo muri iki gihe, ari rya rindi ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 33 rigikomeza?

⁴ Itorero rya gikristo ryatangiranye n’abigishwa bagera ku 120 “bose bari bateraniye ahantu hamwe” mu cyumba cyo hejuru, kandi bose bari basutsweho umwuka wera (Ibyak 2:1). Uwo munsi wagiye kurangira abagize iryo torero babatijwe babarirwa mu bihumbi. Iyo yari intangiriro y’ukwaguka k’umuryango wa Yehova ugikomeza kwaguka muri iki gihe. Koko rero, itorero rya gikristo ryo muri iki gihe rigizwe n’abagabo n’abagore batinya Imana, ni ryo rituma ‘ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami bubwirizwa mu isi yose ituwe, kugira ngo bubere abantu bose ubuhamya’ mbere y’uko imperuka y’iyi si iza.—Mat 24:14.

5. Ni iyihe migisha abari kwifatanya n’itorero rya gikristo bari kubona, haba mu kinyejana cya mbere no muri iki gihe?

⁵ Nanone itorero rya gikristo ryagombaga kubera abarigize isoko y’imbaraga zo mu buryo bw’umwuka, mbere na mbere abasutsweho umwuka, hanyuma abagize “izindi ntama” (Yoh 10:16). Pawulo yagaragaje ko yashimiraga bitewe n’ukuntu abagize itorero baterana inkunga, igihe yandikiraga Abakristo b’i Roma ati “nifuza cyane kubabona, kugira ngo ngire impano yo mu buryo bw’umwuka mbaha, itume mushikama, cyangwa se ahubwo habeho guterana inkunga muri mwe, buri wese aterwe inkunga binyuze ku kwizera k’undi, kwaba ukwizera kwanyu cyangwa ukwanjye.”—Rom 1:11, 12.

ROMA YARI UMURWA MUKURU W’UBWAMI

Mu gihe ibivugwa mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe byabaga, Roma yari umugi munini kandi ni yo yari ikomeye mu bya politiki kurusha indi yose muri icyo gihe. Yari umurwa mukuru w’ubwami bwagiye bukomera bugera ubwo butegeka ibihugu byaheraga mu Bwongereza bikagera mu Majyaruguru ya Afurika, kandi bigahera ku nyanja ya Atalantika bikagera ku Kigobe cya Peresi.

Roma yabagamo abantu bafite imico itandukanye, bakomoka mu moko anyuranye, bavuga indimi zitandukanye kandi bakagira imigenzo n’imiziririzo itandukanye. Yari ifite imihanda myiza yazanaga abagenzi n’ibicuruzwa muri Roma, baturutse mu mpande zose z’ubwo bwami. Ku cyambu cyo hafi aho cya Ositiya, hahoraga amato y’abacuruzi yabaga azanye ibiribwa n’ibindi bintu bihenze byakoreshwaga n’abari batuye muri uwo mugi.

Mu kinyejana cya mbere, Roma yari ituwe n’abantu barenga miriyoni. Birashoboka ko kimwe cya kabiri cyabo bari abacakara, ni ukuvuga abanyabyaha babaga barakatiwe, abana babaga baragurishijwe cyangwa baratawe n’ababyeyi babo, hamwe n’imfungwa zafatirwaga ku rugamba mu bitero by’ingabo z’Abaroma. Muri abo bacakara bari barazanywe i Roma, harimo Abayahudi b’i Yerusalemu bazanywe igihe uwo mugi wigarurirwaga n’umusirikare mukuru w’Umuroma witwaga Pompée, mu mwaka wa 63.

Abenshi mu bantu bari bafite umudendezo bari abakene babaga mu mazu y’amagorofa, bagatungwa n’imfashanyo leta yabageneraga. Icyakora abami b’abami bo batakaga umurwa mukuru wabo bubaka amazu ya leta y’akataraboneka. Muri yo harimo amazu y’imikino, sitade nini zaberagamo ibirori abantu bagakina bari kuri podiyumu, hakaberamo amarushanwa y’abakurankota n’amasiganwa y’amagare akururwa n’amafarashi. Ibyo byose byakorwaga ku buntu kugira ngo bashimishe abantu.

6, 7. Itorero rya gikristo muri iki gihe risohoza rite inshingano Yesu yatanze yo kubwiriza mu bihugu byose?

⁶ Muri iki gihe, itorero rya gikristo rifite intego zimwe n’izo ryari rifite mu kinyejana cya mbere. Yesu yahaye abigishwa be inshingano ishishikaje nubwo bari kuyisohoza bahanganye n’ingorane. Yarababwiye ati “nimugende muhindure abantu bo mu bihugu byose abigishwa, mubabatiza mu izina rya Data n’iry’Umwana n’iry’umwuka wera. Mubigishe gukurikiza ibyo nabategetse byose.”—Mat 28:19, 20.

⁷ Muri iki gihe, itorero rya gikristo ry’Abahamya ba Yehova ni ryo Yehova akoresha kugira ngo uwo murimo ukorwe. Birumvikana ariko ko bitoroshye kugeza ubutumwa bwiza ku bantu bavuga indimi zitandukanye. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Abahamya ba Yehova basohoye ibitabo na videwo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya mu ndimi zisaga 1.000. Niba ujya mu materaniro y’itorero rya gikristo buri gihe kandi ukifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza iby’ubwami no guhindura abantu abigishwa, ufite impamvu zo kwishima. Uri umwe mu bantu bake ku isi ugereranyije bahawe inshingano ihebuje yo guhamya izina rya Yehova mu buryo bwitondewe.

8. Ni mu buhe buryo itorero rya gikristo ridufasha?

⁸ Yehova yaguhaye umuryango wo ku isi hose w’abavandimwe, kugira ngo agufashe gukomeza kwihangana ufite ibyishimo muri ibi bihe bigoye turimo. Pawulo yandikiye Abakristo b’Abaheburayo ati ‘nimucyo tujye tuzirikanana kugira ngo duterane ishyaka ryo gukundana no gukora imirimo myiza, tutirengagiza guteranira hamwe nk’uko hari bamwe babigize akamenyero, ahubwo duterane inkunga kandi turusheho kubigenza dutyo uko mubona urya munsi ugenda wegereza’ (Heb 10:24, 25). Itorero rya gikristo ni uburyo Yehova yateganyije kugira ngo ushobore gutera abandi inkunga kandi nawe uterwe inkunga. Komeza kuba hafi y’abavandimwe na bashiki bawe muhuje ukwizera. Ntuzigere na rimwe ureka guteranira hamwe n’abandi mu materaniro ya gikristo.

‘Buri wese yumvaga bavuga ururimi rwe kavukire’ (Ibyak 2:5-13)

Yesu abwiriza Abayahudi n’abanyamahanga mu muhanda urimo abantu benshi. — “Turabumva bavuga ibitangaza by’Imana mu ndimi zacu.”

—Ibyakozwe 2:11

9, 10. Ni mu buhe buryo bamwe bitanze kugira ngo bashobore kubwiriza abavuga izindi ndimi?

⁹ Tekereza ibyishimo abantu bari bateraniye aho, harimo Abayahudi n’abahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi bagize kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33! Abari aho hafi ya bose bashobora kuba baravugaga ururimi rwari rusanzwe rukoreshwa aho ngaho, wenda nk’ikigiriki cyangwa igiheburayo. Ariko noneho “buri wese yumvaga abigishwa bavuga ururimi rwe kavukire” (Ibyak 2:6). Abari bateze amatwi bagomba rwose kuba barakozwe ku mutima no kumva ubutumwa bwiza mu rurimi rwabo kavukire. Birumvikana ko Abakristo muri iki gihe badafite impano yo kuvuga indimi z’amahanga mu buryo bw’igitangaza. Ariko kandi, hari benshi bitanze bageza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami ku bantu bo mu mahanga yose. Babigenje bate? Bamwe bize urundi rurimi kugira ngo bashobore gufasha itorero ribegereye rikoresha urwo rurimi cyangwa bimukira mu kindi gihugu. Akenshi bagiye bibonera ko ababa babateze amatwi batangazwa cyane n’imihati bashyizeho.

¹⁰ Reka dufate urugero rwa Christine, wize ururimi rw’ikigujarati afatanyije n’abandi Bahamya barindwi. Igihe yahuraga n’umugore ukiri muto bakoranaga wavugaga urwo rurimi, yamushuhuje mu rurimi rwe kavukire. Uwo mugore yaratangaye yifuza kumenya impamvu Christine yashyiragaho imihati kugira ngo yige urwo rurimi rukomeye rwʼ ikigujarati. Christine yashoboye kumubwiriza neza. Uwo mugore wari ukiri muto yabwiye Christine ati “Mugomba rwose kuba mufite ikintu cy’ingenzi mubwira abandi.”

11. Ni gute twabwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami abantu bavuga izindi ndimi?

¹¹ Birumvikana ariko ko atari ko twese dushobora kwiga urundi rurimi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, dushobora kwitegura kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami abantu bavuga izindi ndimi. Twabigenza dute? Dushobora gukoresha porogaramu ya JW Language^® tukiga amagambo make yo gusuhuza abantu bavuga urundi rurimi baboneka mu gace dutuyemo. Nanone dushobora kwiga interuro nke zo muri urwo rurimi zishobora gutuma umuntu agira amatsiko. Nanone jya ubereka urubuga rwa jw.org, ubasobanurire ko rubaho za videwo n’ibitabo byinshi byo mu rurimi rwabo. Nidukoresha ibyo byose mu murimo wo kubwiriza, dushobora kuzagira ibyishimo nk’ibyo abavandimwe bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bagize, igihe abanyamahanga batangazwaga no kumva ubutumwa bwiza, ‘buri wese mu rurimi rwe.’

ABAYAHUDI MURI MEZOPOTAMIYA NO MURI EGIPUTA

Hari igitabo kivuga iby’amateka y’Abayahudi bo mu gihe cya Yesu kigira kiti “muri Mezopotamiya, mu Bumedi no muri Babuloniya habaga abakomokaga mu bwami bw’imiryango icumi [ya Isirayeli], no mu bwami bw’u Buyuda, bari barajyanyweyo n’Abashuri n’Abanyababuloni” [The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 M.Y.–135)]. Dukurikije inkuru iri muri Ezira 2:64, Abisirayeli bagera ku 42.360 gusa ni bo basubiye i Yerusalemu bavuye mu bunyage i Babuloni. Ibyo byabaye mu mwaka wa 537 Mbere ya Yesu. Flavius Josèphe yavuze ko mu kinyejana cya mbere Abayahudi bari “batuye i Babuloni no hafi yaho” bageraga mu bihumbi bibarirwa muri za mirongo. Kuva mu kinyejana cya gatatu kugeza mu kinyejana cya 5 Mbere ya Yesu, abo Bayahudi banditse igitabo cyaje kwitwa Talimudi y’i Babuloni.

Hari inyandiko zigaragaza ko guhera mu kinyejana cya 6 Mbere ya Yesu, Abayahudi babaga muri Egiputa. Muri icyo gihe, Yeremiya yatanze ubutumwa bugenewe Abayahudi babaga mu turere dutandukanye twa Egiputa, hakubiyemo Nofu ari yo Memfisi (Yer 44:1). Birashoboka ko benshi bimukiye muri Egiputa mu gihe cy’Abagiriki. Josèphe avuga ko Abayahudi bari mu ba mbere batuye muri Alegizandiriya. Byageze aho bahabwa igice cyose cy’uwo mugi. Mu kinyejana cya mbere, umwanditsi w’Umuyahudi witwaga Philo yemeje ko hari bene wabo bagera kuri miriyoni babaga hirya no hino muri Egiputa, uhereye “mu nkengero za Libiya ukagera ku mupaka wa Etiyopiya.”

“Petero arahaguruka” (Ibyak 2:14-37)

12. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo umuhanuzi Yoweli yerekeje ku gitangaza cyabaye kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33? (b) Kuki isohozwa ryo mu kinyejana cya mbere ry’ubuhanuzi bwa Yoweli ryari ryitezwe?

¹² ‘Petero yarahagurutse’ atangira kubwira imbaga yari igizwe n’abantu bo mu bihugu byinshi (Ibyak 2:14). Yasobanuriye abashoboraga kumwumva bose ko ubushobozi bwo kuvuga izindi ndimi mu buryo bw’igitangaza bwari bwatanzwe n’Imana, kugira ngo hasohozwe ubuhanuzi bwavuzwe na Yoweli agira ati “nzasuka umwuka wanjye ku bantu b’ingeri zose” (Yow 2:28). Mbere y’uko Yesu asubira mu ijuru, yabwiye abigishwa be ati “nzasaba Data, na we azabaha undi mufasha,” akaba yarasobanuye ko uwo mufasha ari ‘umwuka.’—Yoh 14:16, 17.

13, 14. Ni mu buhe buryo Petero yagerageje kugera ku mutima abari bamuteze amatwi, kandi se twamwigana dute?

¹³ Petero yashoje disikuru ye akoresheje amagambo atajenjetse, agira ati “Abisirayeli bose bamenye badashidikanya ko uwo Yesu mwishe mumumanitse ku giti, Imana yamugize Umwami na Kristo” (Ibyak 2:36). Birumvikana ko abenshi mu bari bateze Petero amatwi batari bahari igihe Yesu yicwaga amanitswe ku giti. Icyakora, mu rwego rw’ishyanga bose bashinjwaga icyo gikorwa. Ariko kandi, uzirikane ko Petero yabwiraga abo bagenzi be b’Abayahudi abubashye kandi akabagera ku mutima. Petero yari afite intego yo gushishikariza abari bamuteze amatwi kwihana; ntiyari agamije kubacira urubanza. Mbese iyo mbaga y’abari bateze Petero amatwi baba bararakajwe n’amagambo ye? Si ko byagenze. Ahubwo ‘byabakoze ku mutima cyane.’ Barabajije bati “dukore iki?” Kuba Petero yaravuze mu buryo burangwa no kubaha, bishobora kuba ari byo byatumye agera benshi ku mutima, bakihana.—Ibyak 2:37.

¹⁴ Dushobora kwigana uburyo Petero yakoresheje kugira ngo agere abantu ku mutima. Mu gihe tubwiriza, si ngombwa ko tujya impaka kuri buri gitekerezo cyose kidahuje n’Ibyanditswe nyir’inzu atanze. Ahubwo byaba byiza twibanze ku bintu twemeranyaho. Iyo tumaze kubona ibyo twemeranyaho n’uwo tuganira, tuba dushobora noneho kumufasha gutekereza ku Ijambo ry’Imana tubigiranye amakenga. Akenshi iyo ukuri kwa Bibiliya gutanzwe muri ubwo buryo, abantu bafite imitima itaryarya barabwitabira.

UBUKRISTO MURI PONTO

Bamwe mu bantu bumvise disikuru ya Petero kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, bari Abayahudi bakomokaga i Ponto, ikaba yari intara yo mu majyaruguru ya Aziya Ntoya (Ibyak 2:9). Uko bigaragara, bamwe muri bo bajyanye ubutumwa bwiza mu bihugu byabo, kubera ko mu bo Petero yandikiye ibaruwa ye ya mbere harimo n’abizera bari ‘baratataniye’ muri utwo turere, urugero nka Ponto (1 Pet 1:1).g Iyo baruwa yagaragazaga ko abo Bakristo bari ‘barababajwe n’ibigeragezo binyuranye’ bitewe n’ukwizera kwabo (1 Pet 1:6). Bisa naho ibyo bigeragezo byari bikubiyemo kurwanywa no gutotezwa.

Ibindi bigeragezo Abakristo b’i Ponto bahanganye na byo, bivugwa mu mabaruwa Pline le Jeune wari guverineri w’intara ya Roma ya Bituniya na Ponto yandikiranaga n’umwami w’abami Trajan. Mu ibaruwa Pline yanditse ari i Ponto ahagana mu mwaka wa 112, yavuze ko “icyorezo” cy’ubukristo cyibasiraga abantu bose kititaye ku myaka umuntu afite, urwego arimo, cyangwa niba ari umugabo cyangwa umugore. Pline yahaga abashinjwaga kuba Abakristo uburyo bwo kwihakana, ababyanze akabica. Abemeraga kuvuma Kristo cyangwa bakavugira isengesho imbere y’ibigirwamana cyangwa imbere y’igishushanyo cya Trajan bararekurwaga. Pline yiyemereye ko ibyo ari ibintu “Abakristo nyakuri batashoboraga gukora.”

g Ijambo ry’umwimerere rihindurwamo ‘abatataniye,’ ryerekeza mbere na mbere ku Bayahudi, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko abenshi mu bahindukiriye ubukristo bari Abayahudi.

“Buri wese muri mwe abatizwe” (Ibyak 2:38-47)

15. (a) Ni ayahe magambo Petero yavuze, kandi se yakiriwe ate? (b) Kuki abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi bumvise ubutumwa bwiza kuri Pentekote bari bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bahite babatizwa uwo munsi?

¹⁵ Kuri uwo munsi ushishikaje wa Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, Petero yabwiye Abayahudi n’abahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi bitabiriye ubutumwa bwe ati “nimwihane kandi buri wese muri mwe abatizwe” (Ibyak 2:38). Ibyo byatumye abantu bagera ku 3.000 babatizwa, bikaba bishoboka ko babatirijwe mu bidendezi byari muri Yerusalemu no hafi yaho.e None se icyo cyaba ari igikorwa bakoze bahubutse? Iyi nkuru se yaba ishaka kuvuga ko abigishwa ba Bibiliya n’abana bafite ababyeyi b’Abakristo bakwiriye kwihutira kubatizwa kandi bataritegura? Oya rwose! Wibuke ko abo Bayahudi n’abari barahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi babatijwe ku munsi wa Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, bari basanzwe bigana umwete Ijambo ry’Imana, kandi bari baravukiye mu ishyanga ryari ryariyeguriye Yehova. Ikindi kandi, bari baragaragaje ishyaka mu bintu bimwe na bimwe, nko kuba bamwe barakoraga ingendo ndende baje muri uwo munsi mukuru wabaga buri mwaka. Ubwo rero, bamaze kwemera ukuri kw’ingenzi kurebana n’uruhare Yesu Kristo afite mu isohozwa ry’imigambi y’Imana, bari biteguye gukomeza gukorera Imana, ariko noneho bakayikorera ari abigishwa ba Kristo babatijwe.

ABABAYE ABAYOBOKE B’IDINI RY’ABAYAHUDI BARI BA NDE?

“Abayahudi cyangwa ababaye abayoboke b’idini ry’Abayahudi” bumvise Petero igihe yabwirizaga kuri Pentekote mu mwaka wa 33.—Ibyak 2:10.

Mu bagabo bashyizweho kugira ngo bite ku “murimo w’ingenzi” wo gutanga ibyokurya bya buri munsi, harimo Nikola wo “muri Antiyokiya wari waraje mu idini ry’Abayahudi” (Ibyak 6:3-5). Ababaye abayoboke b’idini ry’Abayahudi bari Abanyamahanga. Bafatwaga nk’Abayahudi mu buryo bwose, kubera ko bari barayobotse Imana y’Abisirayeli n’Amategeko yabo. Bari bararetse izindi mana zose. Abagabo barakebwaga kandi bifatanyaga n’ishyanga rya Isirayeli.

Abayahudi bamaze kuva mu bunyage i Babuloni mu mwaka wa 537 Mbere ya Yesu, benshi batuye kure ya Isirayeli ariko bakomeje imigenzo y’idini ry’Abayahudi. Ibyo byatumye abantu bo mu karere k’u Burasirazuba bwo Hagati ka kera n’ahandi bamenya ibyerekeye idini ry’Abayahudi. Abanditsi ba kera, urugero nka Horace na Sénèque, bahamya ko abantu benshi bo mu bihugu binyuranye bumvaga bakunze Abayahudi n’imyizerere yabo, bajyaga guturana na bo bakayoboka idini ryabo.

16. Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bagaragaje bate ko bari abantu bigomwa?

¹⁶ Biragaragara ko Yehova yahaga imigisha abari bagize iryo tsinda. Iyo nkuru igira iti “abizeye bose babaga hamwe bagasangira ibyabo byose, kandi bagurishaga ibyo bari batunze n’amasambu yabo, ibivuyemo bakabigabagabana bose, bakurikije icyo buri muntu yabaga akeneye” (Ibyak 2:44, 45).f Nta gushidikanya ko Abakristo b’ukuri bose bifuza kwigana urwo rukundo rurangwa no kwigomwa.

17. Ni izihe ntambwe umuntu agomba gutera kugira ngo abatizwe?

¹⁷ Kugira ngo umuntu yiyegurire Imana kandi abatizwe, agomba gutera intambwe zisabwa mu Byanditswe. Agomba kugira ubumenyi bwo mu Ijambo ry’Imana (Yoh 17:3). Agomba kwizera, akihana ibibi yakoraga, kandi akagaragaza ko ababajwe na byo (Ibyak 3:19). Hanyuma agomba guhinduka rwose, agatangira gukora imirimo ihuje n’ibyo Imana ishaka (Rom 12:2; Efe 4:23, 24). Izo ntambwe zikurikirwa no kwiyegurira Imana mu isengesho no kubatizwa.—Mat 16:24; 1 Pet 3:21.

18. Abigishwa ba Kristo babatijwe bahawe iyihe migisha?

¹⁸ Ese uri umwigishwa wa Yesu Kristo wiyeguriye Imana kandi wabatijwe? Niba uri we, ujye ushimira ku bw’imigisha wahawe. Kimwe n’abigishwa bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bari bujujwe umwuka wera, nawe ushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bukomeye, ukabwiriza mu buryo bwitondewe kandi ugakora ibyo Yehova ashaka.

a Reba agasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Yerusalemu yari ihuriro ry’idini ry’Abayahudi.”

b Reba agasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Roma yari umurwa mukuru w’ubwami,” agafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abayahudi muri Mezopotamiya no muri Egiputa,” n’agafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ubukristo muri Ponto.”

c Izo ‘ndimi’ ntizari umuriro nk’uyu tuzi, ahubwo zari “zimeze nk’iz’umuriro.” Bigaragaza ko icyo abantu babonaga ku mutwe wa buri mwigishwa cyasaga n’umuriro, kandi kirabagirana.

d Reba agasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ababaye abayoboke b’idini ry’Abayahudi bari ba nde?.”

e Mu buryo nk’ubwo, ku itariki ya 7 Kanama 1993, mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ry’Abahamya ba Yehova ryabereye i Kiev muri Ukraine, abantu 7.402 babatirijwe muri pisine esheshatu. Uwo mubatizo wamaze amasaha abiri n’iminota 15.

f Kubera ko abo bashyitsi bagumye i Yerusalemu kugira ngo bige byinshi ku birebana n’uko kwizera gushya, hashyizweho iyo gahunda y’igihe gito yo kubaha ibyo bari bakeneye. Basangiraga ibyabo ku bushake, kandi ntibikwiriye kwitiranywa n’ubukomunisiti.—Ibyak 5:1-4.