Kurinda Ubutumwa Bwiza Hakoreshejwe Amategeko

UKO abantu bagiye bubaka imijyi, ni nako bagendaga bubaka inkike. Cyane cyane mu minsi yahise, izo nkike zabaga ari uburinzi. Ingabo zashoboraga kurwanira hejuru y’izo nkike zigakumira abanzi, ntizitume bapfumura izo nkike cyangwa ngo bazisenye. Abaturage bo mu mujyi si bo bonyine babonaga uburinzi, ahubwo ababaga batuye mu mijyi ihakikije na bo akenshi bahungiraga muri izo nkike.​—2 Samweli 11:20-24; Yesaya 25:12.

Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Abahamya ba Yehova bubatse inkike—ni ukuvuga inkike yo mu rwego rw’amategeko—yo kwirinda. Iyo nkike ntiyubakiwe gutandukanya Abahamya n’abandi bantu, kuko Abahamya ba Yehova bazwiho kuba ari abantu bakunda kubana n’abandi no gusabana na bo. Ahubwo, ituma harushaho kuboneka umudendezo w’ifatizo abantu bose bahabwa n’amategeko. Ikindi kandi, inarinda uburenganzira Abahamya bahabwa n’amategeko, bigatuma bashobora gusohoza ibikorwa byabo byo kuyoboka Imana bafite umudendezo. (Gereranya na Matayo 5:14-16.) Iyo nkike irinda uburyo bwabo bwo kuyoboka Imana, n’uburenganzira bwabo bwo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana. Iyo nkike ni iyihe, kandi se ni gute yubatswe?

Twubake Inkike yo mu Rwego rw’Amategeko Itanga Uburinzi

N’ubwo Abahamya ba Yehova bafite umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini mu bihugu byinshi, mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bagiye bibasirwa mu buryo budafite ishingiro. Igihe umudendezo wabo wo kuyoboka Imana bakoraniye hamwe cyangwa babwiriza ku nzu n’inzu washyirwaga mu majwi, bagiye bashyikiriza ibirego ubucamanza. Ku isi hose, imanza z’Abahamya zabayeho zibarirwa mu bihumbi.a Zose si ko bagiye bazitsinda. Ariko igihe inkiko zo hasi zabaga zitegetse ko batsinzwe, akenshi bagiye bajuririra mu nkiko z’ikirenga. Byatanze iki?

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yo mu kinyejana cya 20, imanza Abahamya ba Yehova bagiye batsinda mu bihugu byinshi, zabahaye urufatiro rwiringirwa bagiye bashingiraho mu manza zakurikiyeho. Kimwe n’amatafari cyangwa amabuye aba yubatse inkike, iyo myanzuro yo kubarenganura yagiye ifatwa, ni inkike yo mu rwego rw’amategeko itanga uburinzi. Abahamya bakomeje kurwanira hejuru y’iyo nkike igizwe n’imanza bari baratsinze mbere, barwanirira umudendezo wabo wo mu rwego rw’idini wo gusohoza gahunda yabo yo gusenga Imana.

Urugero, reka turebe iby’urubanza rwa Murdock na Leta ya Pennsylvania, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ku itariki ya 3 Gicurasi 1943. Ikibazo cyari cyarazamuwe muri urwo rubanza cyari iki: mbese, Abahamya ba Yehova bagomba gusaba uruhushya rugenewe abagenda bacuruza utuntu, bitewe n’uko bagenda batanga ibitabo byabo byo mu rwego rw’idini? Abahamya ba Yehova bo bemezaga ko batagombye gusabwa kubigenza batyo. Umurimo wabo wo kubwiriza si igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi—kandi nta n’ubwo wigeze umera utyo. Intego yabo si iyo kuronka amafaranga, ahubwo ni iyo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza (Matayo 10:8; 2 Abakorinto 2:17). Mu myanzuro y’urubanza rwa Murdock, Urukiko rwashyigikiye Abahamya, rwemeza ko uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo kwaka imisoro kugira ngo hakunde haboneke uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitabo byo mu rwego rw’idini, bunyuranyije n’itegekonshinga.b Uwo mwanzuro wabaye urufatiro rw’ingenzi rwagezweho, kandi Abahamya bagiye bawishingikirizaho mu zindi manza nyinshi baburanye kuva icyo gihe. Imyanzuro yo mu rubanza rwa Murdock yabaye itafari rikomeye muri ya nkike yo kwirinda yo mu rwego rw’amategeko.

Bene izo manza zagiye zigira uruhare rukomeye mu kurinda umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini w’abantu bose. Ku byerekeye uruhare Abahamya bagize mu bihereranye no guharanira uburenganzira bwa rubanda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, igazeti yitwa University of Cincinnati Law Review yagize iti “Abahamya ba Yehova bagize uruhare rukomeye cyane mu gutuma itegekonshinga ritera imbere, cyane cyane mu kwagura imbibi z’amategeko arebana n’uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo n’ubw’idini.”

Dukomeze Inkike

Uko bagendaga batsinda urubanza runaka, ni nako ya nkike yagendaga irushaho gukomera. Reka turebe imyanzuro imwe n’imwe yagiye ifatwa mu myaka ya za 90, yagiriye akamaro Abahamya ba Yehova, kimwe n’abandi bantu bakunda umudendezo bo mu mpande zose z’isi.

U Bugiriki. Ku itariki ya 25 Gicurasi 1993, Urukiko rw’Uburayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwemeje ko umuturage w’Umugiriki afite uburenganzira bwo kwigisha abandi imyizerere ye yo mu rwego rw’idini. Urwo rubanza rwari urwa Minos Kokkinakis, icyo gihe akaba yari afite imyaka 84. Kubera ko yari Umuhamya wa Yehova, Kokkinakis yari yarafashwe incuro zisaga 60 kuva mu mwaka wa 1938, ahamagazwa incuro 18 mu nkiko z’u Bugiriki, kandi amara imyaka isaga itandatu muri gereza. Yari yaragiye atsindwa kenshi n’itegeko ry’u Bugiriki ryo mu myaka ya za 30, ribuzanya guhindura umuntu umujyana mu rindi dini—iryo tegeko rikaba ari na ryo ryatumye habaho ibikorwa bigera ku 20.000 byo gufata Abahamya ba Yehova, kuva mu mwaka wa 1938 kugeza mu wa 1992. Urwo Rukiko rw’Uburayi rwemeje ko leta y’u Bugiriki yari yararengereye umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini wa Kokkinakis, kandi rumuhesha indishyi z’akababaro z’amadolari 14.400 y’Amanyamerika. Mu myanzuro y’urwo Rukiko, rwemeje ko mu by’ukuri Abahamya ba Yehova ari “idini rizwi.”—Reba Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Nzeri 1993, ku ipaji ya 27-31 (mu Gifaransa).

Mexique. Ku itariki ya 16 Nyakanga 1992, muri Mexique hatewe intambwe ndende mu bihereranye no guharanira umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini. Kuri iyo tariki, hashyizweho Itegeko Rigenga Imiryango ya Kidini n’Ibikorwa byo Kuyoboka Imana ku Mugaragaro. Binyuriye kuri iryo tegeko, itsinda ryo mu rwego rw’idini rishobora guhabwa ubuzima gatozi rikaba umuryango wemewe wo mu rwego rw’idini, mu gihe ryujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ryandikwe. Mbere y’aho, Abahamya ba Yehova, kimwe n’andi madini yari ari muri icyo gihugu, mu by’ukuri bari bahari ariko badafite ubuzima gatozi. Ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1993, Abahamya banditse basaba kwemerwa n’amategeko. Igishimishije, ni uko ku itariki ya 7 Gicurasi 1993, bemewe n’amategeko, bakaba bazwi ku izina rya La Torre del Vigía, A. R., na Los Testigos de Jehová en México, A. R., iyo yombi ikaba ari imiryango yo mu rwego rw’idini.—Reba Réveillez-vous! yo ku itariki ya 22 Nyakanga 1994, ku ipaji ya 12-14.

Brezili. Mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 1990, Ikigo cya Leta ya Brezili Gishinzwe Umutekano w’Abaturage (INSS) cyamenyesheje ibiro by’ishami rya Watch Tower Society ko abakozi bitangiye gukora umurimo kuri Beteli (izina ry’amazu y’ishami ry’Abahamya ba Yehova) batari kuzongera gufatwa nk’abakozi bo mu rwego rw’idini, kandi ko ku bw’ibyo bagombaga kuzajya bagendera ku mategeko ya Brezili agenga abakozi. Abahamya bajuririye uwo mwanzuro. Ku itariki ya 7 Kamena 1996, Akanama Ngishwanama k’Ibiro bya Porokireri Mukuru wa Brezili kafashe icyemezo gishyigikira ko abakozi bo kuri Beteli bagomba gufatwa nk’abagize umuryango wemewe n’amategeko wo mu rwego rw’idini, aho gufatwa nk’abakozi bakorera umushahara.

U Buyapani. Ku itariki ya 8 Werurwe 1996, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’u Buyapani rwatangaje umwanzuro wafashwe ku kibazo gihereranye n’uburere n’umudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini—ku bw’inyungu za buri wese mu Buyapani. Abagize urwo rukiko bose uko bakabaye, bemeje ko Ishuri ryo mu Karere ka Kobe Ryigisha Tekiniki y’Iby’Inganda ryari ryararenze ku mategeko, ryirukana Kunihito Kobayashi, rimuziza ko yanze kwifatanya mu myitozo y’imikino gakondo yigisha kurwana. Kuri icyo cyemezo, ni bwo bwari bubaye ubwa mbere Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rutangaza umwanzuro ushingiye ku mudendezo wo mu rwego rw’idini, ushyigikiwe n’Itegekonshinga ry’u Buyapani. Akurikije umutimanama we watojwe na Bibiliya, uwo Muhamya ukiri muto yumvaga ko iyo myitozo idahuje n’amahame ya Bibiliya, urugero nk’iriboneka muri Yesaya 2:4, rigira riti “inkota zabo bazazicuramo amasuka n’amacumu bazayacuramo impabuzo; nta shyanga rizabangurira irindi shyanga inkota, kandi ntabwo bazongera kwiga kurwana.” Uwo mwanzuro w’urwo Rukiko, wabaye urufatiro rwiza rwo kwishingikirizaho mu zindi manza zari kuzaba nyuma y’aho.—Reba Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1996, ku ipaji ya 19-21 (mu Gifaransa).

Ku itariki ya 9 Gashyantare 1998, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’i Tokyo rwatangaje ikindi cyemezo kitazibagirana mu mateka, gishyigikira uburenganzira bw’Umuhamya witwa Misae Takeda, bwo kwanga uburyo bwo kuvura budahuje n’itegeko rya Bibiliya ryo ‘kwirinda amaraso’ (Ibyakozwe 15:28, 29). Urwo rubanza rwajuririwe mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’igihugu, none hasigaye kuzareba niba ruzashyigikira icyo cyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’i Tokyo.

Filipine. Mu cyemezo cyatangajwe ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1993, abagize Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Filipine bose uko bakabaye bemeje umwanzuro ushyigikira Abahamya ba Yehova, mu rubanza rurebana n’abana b’Abahamya bari barirukanywe ku ishuri bitewe n’uko banze mu buryo bw’ikinyabupfura, kuramutsa ibendera.

Buri cyemezo cyiza cyose gifashwe n’urukiko, kiba ari nk’irindi buye cyangwa itafari ryo gukomeza ya nkike yo mu rwego rw’amategeko, irinda uburenganzira, atari ubw’Abahamya ba Yehova gusa, ahubwo n’ubw’abandi bantu bose.

Turinde Iyo Nkike

Abahamya ba Yehova bafite ubuzima gatozi mu bihugu 153, bakaba mu buryo bukwiriye bafite umudendezo w’uburyo bwinshi, nk’uko n’andi madini yemewe awufite. Nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo y’itotezwa no kubuzanywa k’umurimo mu Burayi bw’i Burasirazuba no mu cyahoze ari Repubulika Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, muri iki gihe Abahamya ba Yehova bafite ubuzima gatozi mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, urugero nk’Alubaniya, Bélarus, Géorgie, Hongrie, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Repubulika ya Tchèque, Rumaniya na Silovakiya. Ariko kandi, mu bihugu runaka muri iki gihe, hakubiyemo n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byo mu Burayi bw’i Burengerazuba bifite inzego z’iby’ubucamanza zimaze igihe kinini zikora, uburenganzira bw’Abahamya ba Yehova burimo burakemangwa mu buryo bukomeye cyangwa ntibwubahirizwe. Abarwanya Abahamya barimo baragerageza ‘kugira amategeko urwitwazo rw’igomwa’ ryo kubibasira (Zaburi 94:20). Ni gute na bo babyifatamo?c

Abahamya ba Yehova bifuza gukorana na za leta zose, ariko bakifuza no kugira umudendezo wemewe n’amategeko wo gusohoza gahunda yabo yo kuyoboka Imana. Bazi neza badashidikanya ko amategeko ayo ari yo yose cyangwa ibyemezo by’inkiko ibyo ari byo byose byababuza kumvira amategeko y’Imana—hakubiyemo n’itegeko ryo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza—ari nta cyo bivuze (Mariko 13:10). Mu gihe nta masezerano ashobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ubwumvikane, Abahamya ba Yehova baziyambaza ubucamanza, banyure mu nzego zose z’ubujurire zisabwa kugira ngo amategeko abarenganure, babone uburenganzira bwabo bahawe n’Imana bwo gusohoza gahunda yabo yo kuyiyoboka. Abahamya ba Yehova biringira mu buryo bwuzuye isezerano ry’Imana rigira riti “nta ntwaro bacuriye kukurwanya izagira icyo igutwara.”—Yesaya 54:17.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 21]

Turengere Uburenganzira bw’Abahamya ba Yehova

Ibitotezo Abahamya ba Yehova batezwa mu mpande zose z’isi, byagiye bituma bakurubanwa bagashyikirizwa abacamanza n’abayobozi ba leta (Luka 21:12, 13). Abahamya ba Yehova nta cyo batakoze ngo barengere uburenganzira bwabo mu rwego rw’amategeko. Imanza bagiye batsinda mu nkiko mu bihugu byinshi, zatumye umudendezo w’Abahamya ba Yehova wo mu rwego rw’amategeko ushobora kurindwa, hakubiyemo n’uburenganzira bwabo bwo:

◻ kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu nta kuzitirwa n’amategeko agenga abacuruzi—Murdock Aburana na Leta ya Pennsylvania, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (1943); Kokkinakis Aburana n’u Bugiriki, Urukiko rw’Uburayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu (ECHR) (1993).

◻ guteranira hamwe mu mudendezo kugira ngo basenge—Manoussakis n’Abandi Baburana n’u Bugiriki, ECHR (1996).

◻ kwihitiramo ukuntu bashobora kubaha ibendera cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso kiranga igihugu babikuye ku mutima—Komite y’Uburezi ya Leta ya Virginie y’i Burengerazuba Iburana na Barnette, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (1943); Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Filipine (1993); Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’u Buhindi (1986).

◻ kwanga gukora umurimo wa gisirikare unyuranyije n’umutimanama wabo wa Gikristo—Georgiadis Aburana n’u Bugiriki, ECHR (1997).

kwihitiramo uburyo bwo kuvura n’imiti bitanyuranyije n’umutimanama wabo—Malette Aburana na Shulman, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Ontario, muri Kanada (1990); Watch Tower Iburana na E.L.A., Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’i San Juan, muri Porto Rico (1995); Fosmire Aburana na Nicoleau, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rw’i New York muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (1990).

◻ kurera abana babo bakurikije imyizerere yabo ishingiye kuri Bibiliya, ndetse n’igihe iyo myizerere yaba ikemanzwe mu mpaka zo kureba uzakurikirana uburere bw’umwana—St-Laurent Aburana na Soucy, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Kanada (1997); Hoffmann Aburana na Otirishiya, ECHR (1993).

◻ kugira no gukoresha imiryango yemewe n’amategeko isonerwa imisoro, nk’uko imiryango ikoreshwa n’andi madini yemewe, na yo isonerwa—Abaturage Baburana na Haring, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rw’i New York, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (1960).

◻ kwemererwa gusonerwa imisoro runaka ku bakora akazi ko mu rwego rw’umurimo w’igihe cyose, nk’uko abakozi b’abanyedini b’igihe cyose bo mu yandi madini bayisonerwa—Ikigo cya Leta ya Brezili Gishinzwe Umutekano w’Abaturage, Brezili (1996).

[ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 20]

Minos Kokkinakis n’umugore we

[ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 20]

Kunihito Kobayashi

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 19 yavuye]

The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck