Igice cya 13

Itorero ry’Ukuli n’ Urufatiro Rwayo

 1. Kuli ali ngombwa kumenya Itorero ry’ukuli n’urufatiro rwaryo?

NIBA twifuza kubaho iteka muli gahunda nshya yasezeranijwe n’Imana, ni ngombwa ko tumenya itorero ry’ukuli n’urufatiro rwaryo. Ku biryekeye, Yesu yaravuze, ngo: “Nzubak’Itorero ryanjye kur’urwo rutare.” (Matayo 16:18) Iryo torero ni iki n’ibuye ryubatsweho ni iki? Biblia iduha igisubizo cy’ukuli

 2. (a) Mbese, hali ubwo Biblia ikoresha ijambo “itorero” mu buryo bwo kuvuga inyubako? (b) Ijambo ry’ikigiriki ek·kle·siʹa lisobanura ngo iki?

² Nubwo abantu benshi bakoresha ijambo “kiliziya” [Itorero] bashaka kuvuga inyubako abantu bateraniramo basenga, mbese wali uzi ko nta na limwe Biblia ikoresha ityo iryo jambo? Muli Biblia, ijambo “itorero” [cyangwa kiliziya] likoreshwa iteka ku bantu, cyane cyane kw’ iteraniro cyangwa ku nteko y’abantu. (Filemoni 2) Ijambo ry’ikigiriki ek·kle·siʹa, ryahinduwemo “itorero,” “kiliziya” cyangwa “inteko,” ubusobanuro bwaryo bworoshye ni “icyahamagawe.” Bishaka kuvuga inteko y’abantu bahamagariwe umugambi wihaliye; aliko kandi likoreshwa nk’ijambo lihuje n’iry’igiheburayo qahalʹ, lisobanura ngo, “inteko” cyangwa “iteraniro.”

 3. Kuki Itorero ry’ukuli ligereranywa: (a) n’umubili w’umuntu, (b) n’umukobwa w’isugi?

³ Itorero cyangwa inteko y’ukuli ligereranywa n’umubili w’umuntu, kuko lifite abaligize benshi bayoborwa n’umutware umwe cyangwa umutwe, nk’uko umubili nawo umeze. Mu Befeso 1:22, 23 Ibyanditswe byayobowe n’umwuka w’Imana bitumenyesha yuko Imana yagize Kristo ‘umutwe usumba byose w’Itorero, ni ryo mubiri we.’Itorero ry’ukuli ligereranywa kandi n’umukobwa w’isugi wasabiwe Kristo, kuko inteko y’abagize itorero ry’ukuli bazifatanya rwose na Kristo, kimwe n’uko umugabo n’umugore bameze Yandikira bamwe mu bagize Itorero, intumwa Paulo yaravuze, ngo: “Nabakwerey’ umugab’umwe, ni we Kristo, ngo mubashyingire mumeze nk’umwar’utunganye.” (2 Abakorinto 11:2; reba n’Ibyahishuwe 21:2, 9, 10) Ubwo rero, ni inteko itunganye, itagira umwanda wo mw’isi kandi yifatanije n’umutware wayo, Yesu Kristo.

 4. (a) Mbese ushaka wese ashobora “kwiyunga” n’Itorero ry’ukuli Kuki? (b) Ni bangahe bagize Itorero ry’ukuli bazabana na Kristo mw’ijuru?

⁴ Mbese noneho, umuntu ashobora kwihitiramo “kwiyunga” n’iryo Torero, mu kwandikisha izina rye mu gitabo runaka kugira ngo abe umwe mu baligize? Oya, kuko mu Baheburayo 12:23 havuga ko ali “itorero ry’abana b’imfura banditswe mw’ijuru.” Imana rero niyo yitoraniliza abaligize kandi ikabashyira mu nteko nk’uko ibishaka ubwayo. (1 Abakorinto 12:18) Izo ntore ni zo zizabana na Kristo mw’ijuru. Yesu yahishuye yerekana yuko, mu kigwi cyo gushyiramo abiyita akristo bose, umubare w’izo ntore ali 144.000 gusa.​—Ibyahishuwe 14:1-3; Luka 12:32

 5. Ni uwuhe mugambi wihaliye abagize Itorero ry’ukuli bahamagariwe?

⁵ Mu by’ukuli, ni inteko y’abakristo bahamagariwe kuva mu mwijima w’iby’umwuka kubera umugambi wihaliye. Mu gihe cyose bakili kw’isi, baba bakwiliye kwamamazanya ubutwali “ishimwe” ry’Imana isumba byose, yabahamagariye kuva mu mwijima ikabinjiza mu mucyo wayo w’igitangaza. (1 Petero 2:9) Nyuma yo kuzuka kwabo, bazagira igikundiro cyo gutegekana na Kristo mu Bwami bwe bwo mw’ijuru.​—Luka 22:28-30.

 6. (a) Ni bande ba mbere bagize Itorero ry’ukuli, kandi bahawe bate ubuhamya bw’uko bali babaye abana b’umwuka b’Imana? (b) Inzira yakinguriwe ryali abatali abayahudi?

⁶ Aba mbere bagize iryo Torero bose bali Abayahudi (nka Yesu n’intumwa ze) cyangwa abantu bayobotse idini ya Kiyahudi bagakebwa. Kuli Pentekote y’umwaka wa 33, iminsi cumi nyuma yo kuzamurwa kwa Yesu mw’ijuru kandi nyuma y’uko amaze gukingurira abandi inzira yo kugira ngo bazashobore kumukulikira mu gihe cyashyizweho, Yehoya yagaragaje ko yatoranije abo ba mbere bagize itorero abasukaho umwuka wera. Uko kwakira umwuka kwabahamilije yuko kuva ubwo bali babaye abana b’umwuka b’Imana kandi n’abaragwa b’Ubwami hamwe na Kristo. (Ibyakozwe 2:1-4, 16-21, 33; Abaroma 8:16, 17). Aliko kandi, abagize Itorero ry’ukuli ntibagombaga bose kuba Abayahudi. Imyaka itatu n’igice nyuma y’urupfu rwa Yesu, inzira yakinguriwe Abanyamahanga cyangwa Abatali Abayahudi. (Ibyakozwe 10:30-33, 44 Abaroma 9:23, 24) Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, Itorero ry’ukuli ryagiye ligira abantu bavuye mu mahanga yose.

URUFATIRO RW’ITORERO RY’UKULI

 7. Ni mu yahe magambo Yesu n’intumwa Paulo bamenyekanisha ibuye likomeza imfuruka ry’urufatiro rw’Itorero ry’ukuli?

⁷ Ni nde rufatiro rw’Itorero ry’ukuli? Yesu yerekanye mu buryo bweruye ko ali we urwo rufatiro. Yiyerekejeho ubwe ubuhanuzi bwo muli Zaburi 118:22 avuga, ngo: “Ibuy’abubatsi banze ni ryo ryahinduts’irikomez’imfuruka.” (Matayo 21:42-44) Ahamya mu rwe ruhande yuko Yesu ali we “buye rikomez’imfuruka,” intumwa Paulo yandikiye abakristo bo mw’Efeso ibikulikira: “Mur’ubgoko bumwe n’abera ndetse mur’abo mu nzu y’Imana; kuko mwubatswe ku rufatiro rw’intumwa n’abahanuzi, ariko Kristo Yesu ni we buye rikomez’imfuruka.” (Abefeso 2:19, 20) Kuli iyi ngingo, iyo ntumwa yemezaga rwose yeruye, avuga ahandi, ngo: “Kuko nta rundi rufatir’umunt’abasha gushyiraho, kerets’urwashyizweho, ni Yesu Kristo.”​—1 Abakorinto 3:11.

 8. (a) Kuki ali nta rufatiro rwiza cyane Itorero ry’ukuli ryashobora kugira rutali Yesu Kristo? (b) Aliko noneho, ni ikihe kibazo kizamurwa?

⁸ Itorero ry’ukuli ntiryajyaga kugira urundi rufatiro rurushijeho kuba rwiza cyangwa gukomera rutali Kristo Yesu, sibyo? Ubuzima bwe butunganye bwa kimuntu bwatanzwe ngo bube inshungu nibwo bwatumye ubwo buryo Imana yalinganije bushoboka) Aliko se kandi, dushobora guhuza dute ubwo buhamya bwa Yesu, n’ubw’intumwa Paulo hamwe n’ibyo Yesu yabwiye Petero, nk’uko bili muli Matayo 16:18? Kimwe cyo tutashidikanya, nuko nta kwivuguruza na gutoya guhali.

“NZUBAK’ITORERO RYANJYE KUR’URWO RUTARE”

 9. (a) Abantu bamwe basobanura bate amagambo ya Yesu yanditswe muli Matayo 16:18? (b) Mbese, abenshi bo mu ‘‘base” b’Itorero ba mbere berekezaga ijambo rya Yesu “urutare” kuli Petero?

⁹ Petero yali amaze kwatura ko Yesu ali Kristo (cyangwa Mesiya), Umwana w’Imana Iliho. Yesu niko kuvuga, ngo: “Ndakubgira nti: Uri Petero, kandi nzubak’Itorero ryanjye kur’urwo rutare.” Bamwe batekereza yuko ayo magambo ashaka kuvuga ko Itorero rya Yesu ryubatswe ku rufatiro rwa Petero. Ni na ryo shingiro lizwi na bose ry’Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Aliko kandi, igishimishije kumenya nuko mu gitabo cyitwa Le Concile du Vatican [1870] vu de l’interieur (mu cyongereza), Arkiyepiskopi Kenrick yerekana yuko mu “ba se” b’Itorero rya mbere bageze nko kuli mirongo umunani na balindwi, cumi na balindwi gusa ali bo berekezaga ijambo rya Yesu “urutare” kuli Petero. Mbese, wali ubizi?

10. Augustini yasobanukirwaga ate ijambo “urutare” ryo mu mvugo ya Yesu?

¹⁰ Urugero, turebe igitekerezo cy’Augustini (wo mu myaka 354-430), uwo bita kenshi “mutagatifu Augustini.” Nubwo yabanje gutekereza ko “urutare” rwavugwaga ali Petero, aliko nyuma Augustini yahinduye amagambo, yandika mu gitabo cye Revisions (mu kilatini), ngo: “Kenshi nagiye nsobanura amagambo y’Umwami: ‘Uli Petero kandi kuli urwo rutare nzubakaho Itorero ryanjye,’ mu buryo bwumvisha yuko Itorero lishinzwe k’uwo Petero yali amaze kwatura avuga, ngo: ‘Uli Kristo Umwana w’Imana Iliho’ (...) Kuko atamubwiye, ngo: ‘Uli urutare’ (petra) ahubwo, ngo: ‘Uli Petero (Petrus)’. Naho urutare rwali Kristo.”

11. Kuli Petero ubwe, ni nde wali “urwo rutare”?

¹¹ Aliko, icy’ingenzi kurushaho ni ukumenya uko Petero ubwe yasobanukiwe ayo magambo ya Kristo! Ku byerekeye Umwami Yesu, Petero yaravuze, ati: “Ni mumwegere. niwe Buye rizima ryanzwe n’abantu, ariko ku Mana ryaratoranijwe, rib’iry’igiciro cyinshi; namwe mwubakwe, nk’amabuye mazima, kugira ngo mub’inzu y’umwuka, n’ubgoko bg’ abatambyi bgera bgo gutamb’ibitambo by’umwuka, bishimwa n’Imana kubga Yesu Kristo. Kuko mu byanditswe harimw’aya magambo ngo: Dore ndashyira muri Sioni ibuye rikomez’imfuruka, ryatoranijwe, kandi ry’igiciro cyinshi, Kand’uryizera ntazakorwa n’isoni. Nuko rero, mwebg’ubgo mwizeye, muzi kw’ar’iry’igiciro cyinshi koko, naho ku banga kwizera, Ibuy’abubatsi banze ni ryo ryahinduts’irikomez’imfuruka, N’ibuye risitaza n’urutare rugusha. Basitara kw’ijambo ry’ Imana ntibaryumvire.” (1 Petero 2:4-8 Aya magambo ya Petero yerekana yuko we, kimwe n’intumwa Paulo, yali azi ko Yesu ali we “buye rikomez’imfuruka,” “urutare” Itorero ryubatsweho. Petero ni umwe gusa mu 144.000 by’“amabuye” mazima agize Itorero ry’ukuli.

12. (a) Ni iki cyabayeho kidutera kumenya niba Petero yarabonwaga nk’Umutware “udashobora gufudika” w’Itorero rya mbere? (b) Ni nde uzahora ali Umutware w’Itorero ry’ukuli?

¹² Ni iby’ukuli ko Petero yagize imigisha myinshi nk’uko yali intumwa ya Yesu Kristo. Aliko kandi, nta na hamwe yerekana ko yibonaga nk’umutware w’intumwa, nta n’aho dusoma muli Biblia yuko intumwa n’abigishwa bandi babonaga Petero nk’aho ali “papa” no kuba baramuhaye icyubahiro nk’icyo. Igihe kimwe, Paulo yabonye ko ali ngombwa gucyaha Petero mu ruhame, kuko yifashe mu buryo butandukanye n’ukwizera k’ukuli kwa Gikristo. Rero, kuba Petero yarafuditse mu byerekeye ukwizera n’imyifatire, kandi kuba Paulo yarabonye yuko akwiliye kumucyaha mu ruhame, byemeza ko Petero atubahwaga nk’umutware “udashobora gufudika” w’intumwa cyangwa w’Itorero rya mbere. (Abagalatia 2:11-14) Mw’Itorero ry’ukuli, hali Umutware umwe gusa, Yesu Kristo, we ‘uhorahw’iteka ryose,’ kuva mw’izuka rye, ubwo kandi akaba adakeneye umusimbura.​—Abaheburayo (7:23-25.

ITORERO RY’UBUMWE

13. (a) Ni ayahe magambo ya Yesu yerekana yuko itorero litagomba kwigabanya mo igice cy’abapadri n’icy’abatali abapadri? (b) Abagomba kuyobora itorero bakwiliye kwifata bate?

¹³ Yesu, Umutware, ntiyagabanije umubili w’Itorero rye mo ibice bibili: abapadri n’abatali abapadri cyangwa “abantu basanzwe.” Yabwiye abigishwa be, ati: “Ntimuzitwe Rabi: kuk’umwigisha wany’ar’ umwe, namwe mwese mur’abavand’imwe. Kandi ntimukagir’umuntu wo mw’isi mwita Data: Kuko so ar’umwe, ar’uwo mw’ijuru. Kandi ntimuzitwe abakuru, kuk’umukuru wany’ar’umwe, ari Kristo.” (Matayo 23:8-10) Aya magambo ya Yesu yerekana yuko ali nta kwitandukanya kuli mu bagize Itorero ry’ukuli. Ahubwo, Yesu yalinganije uburyo bw’uko abagabo bamwe batanga urugero mw’itorero rya gikristo, bakorera guha abavandimwe babo iby’umwuka bakeneye no gutegura umulimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Aliko kandi, yasobanuye neza ko abo bagabo badakwiliye gutwaz’igitugu’abavandimwe babo, ahubwo ko bababera nk’imbata cyangwa abagaragu. (Matayo 20:25-28) Mbese, niko bimeze ku bayobozi bo mw idini ryawe?

14. Ni kuki abagize Itorero ry’ukuli bagomba kuba bateraniye mu muteguro umwe gusa mu gusenga Imana?

¹⁴ Kugira ngo bihuze n’amagambo Biblia ivuga kw’Itorero ry’ukuli, abaligize bagomba kugira ubumwe mu gusenga kwabo. Kuli ibyo, intumwa Paulo yaranditse, ngo: “Bene Data, ndabingingira mw’izina ry’ Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, kugira ngo mwese muvuge kumwe; kandi he kugir’ibice biremwa muri mwe, ahubgo muhurize hamwe rwose, muhuj’ umutima n’inama.” (1 Abakorinto 1:10) Dukulikije Ibyanditswe, abaligize ntibagomba kuba batataniye mu madini avuguruzanya ya Kristendomu. Bagomba kuba bateraniye mu muteguro umwe gusa, nk’uko byanditswe mu Befeso 4:4, 5, ngo: “Harih’umubir’umwe, (...) Umwam’umwe no kwizera kumwe.” Ni ikintu cy’ingenzi kuli twe kumenya uko “kwizera” kumwe uko ali ko.

KUMENYA ITORERO RY’UKULI N’URUFATIRO RWARYO

15. (a) Kristo n’itorero rye bazazanira bate abandi bantu bose bumvira imigisha? (b) Ni iyihe nshingano Yesu yavuze ko azaha Itorero rye ry’ukuli igihe cyo kuza kwe mu butware bw’Ubwami?

¹⁵ Biblia ivuga yuko abagize Itorero ry’ukuli, bategekwa n’Umutware wabo, Kristo, ali “urubyaro rw’Aburahamu, (...) n’abaragwa nk’uko byasezeranijwe.” (Abagalatia 3:29) Iryo sezerano nuko abandi bantu bose bumvira bazihesha umugisha muli Kristo n’itorero rye. (Itangiriro 22:18) Biblia yahanuye yuko igihe Ubwami bwa Kristo buzashingwa, kw’isi hazabaho abasigaye gusa bo muli abo bana ba “Yerusalemu yo mw’ijuru,” umuteguro wo mw’ijuru w’Imana. (Abagalatia 4:26; Ibyahishuwe 12:10, 17) Yesu yavuze iby’abo bagize Itorero rye bakili hano kw’isi abita “umugaragu ukiranuka w’ubwenge,” kandi avuga ko abo azasanga bamukorerana ukwizerwa igihe azaza guca urubanza bazegurirwa “ibintu bye byose,” ni ukuvuga ibintu byose byo kw’isi byerekeye Ubwami bwa Kristo. Bakaba bagomba gutanga urugero mu mulimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bwashinzwe, mu mahanga yose mu “gihe cy’imperuka.”​—Matayo 24:14, 45-47; 25:19-23

16. Ni iyihe migisha izahabwa abamenya kandi bakubaha ubwo buryo bwalinganijwe?

¹⁶ Abilingira bose, muli iki gihe cyacu, guhabwa ubuzima bw’iteka muli gahunda nshya yasezeranijwe n’Imana bagomba kumenya ubwo buryo bwalinganijwe. Kubera ko Yesu yavuze yuko mu “gihe cy’imperuka” tulimo, azatandukanya n’abandi bantu abagirira neza abasigaye bo mu “bavandimwe” be bakili kw’isi (abaraganwa nawe bagize itorero rya gikristo), akazabashyira mu mwanya w’ubutoni. (Matayo 25:31-40) Abo basigaye ni bo “mabuye mazima” yasigaye akwiliye kubakishwa ku nzu aliyo rusengero rw’umwuka, “inzu yo kubabgamo n’Imana mu Mwuka.” (1 Petero 2:5; Abefeso 2:20-22) Abantu bagirira neza abo muli uwo muryango wo mu rusengero bagereranywa mu gitabo cy’Ibyashishuwe n’ inteko nini y’abantu balindwa n’Imana. Wite kuli iki kandi, ko bishimira gukorera Imana “mu rusengero rwayo ku manywa na nijoro,” ni ukuvuga ngo, mu buryo bufatanije n’abasigaye bo mu muryango w’umwuka wo mu rusengero, itorero rya gikristo.​—Ibyahishuwe 7:9, 10, 15.

17. Mu by’ukuli, abantu bagereranywa n’“intama” babwira iki abasigaye bo mu bagize Itorero ry’ukuli?

¹⁷ Mu by’ukuli, abo bantu bagereranywa n’“intama” babwira abaragwa b’isezerano ryahawe Aburahamu, ngo: “Turajyana kuko twumvise yukw’ Imana iri kumwe namwe.” (Zekeria 8:23) Kimwe n’uko abagize Itorero cyangwa inteko y’ukuli bagendana ukwizerwa mu ntambwe za Kristo kandi bakamamaza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami, niko na none izo “ntama” zijyana na bo, bakorera Imana hamwe na bo. Mbese nawe uli muli izo “ntama” zigenza zityo? Niba ulimo, ushobora kwilingira kuzahabwa ubuzima bw’iteka kw’isi, kimwe n’indi migisha yose izatangwa na Kristo hamwe n’itorero rye ryahawe ikuzo mw’ijuru.