Igice cya munani

Irimbuka riteye ubwoba ry’idini ry’ikinyoma ryerekanwa mbere y’igihe

Yesaya 47:1-15

1, 2. (a) Kuki hari bamwe bashobora kudahita bemera ko hari ihinduka rikomeye rizaba ku idini mu rwego rw’isi yose? (b) Tuzi dute ko ibivugwa muri Yesaya igice cya 47 bizagira irindi sohozwa? (c) Kuki bikwiriye ko amadini y’ikinyoma yose muri rusange yitwa “Babuloni Ikomeye”?

HARI ikinyamakuru cyarimo ingingo igira iti “idini ryongeye kugira imbaraga.” Cyakomeje kivuga ko na n’ubu usanga idini ryarigaruriye imitima n’ubwenge by’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni (The New York Times Magazine). Ibyo rero bikaba byatuma bitorohera abantu kwemera ko hari ihinduka rikomeye ryenda kuba mu rwego rw’idini. Nyamara ariko, ihinduka nk’iryo rivugwa mu gice cya 47 cy’igitabo cya Yesaya.

² Hashize imyaka 2.500 ibyo Yesaya yavuze bisohoye. Ariko amagambo avugwa muri Yesaya 47:8 yongeye gusubirwamo mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe kandi avugwaho ko azasohora mu gihe cyari kuza. Muri icyo gitabo, Bibiliya ihanura ibihereranye n’iherezo ry’umuryango umeze nka maraya witwa “Babuloni Ikomeye,” ukaba ari urugaga rukomeye rw’idini y’ikinyoma rwo ku isi hose (Ibyahishuwe 16:19). Birakwiriye rwose ko amadini y’ibinyoma yo muri iyi si yitwa “Babuloni” kuko muri Babuloni ya kera ari ho idini ry’ikinyoma ryatangiriye. Ni ho ryahereye rikwira mu duce twose tw’isi (Itangiriro 11:1-9). Inyigisho z’idini zatangiriye i Babuloni, urugero nk’inyigisho yo kudapfa k’ubugingo, umuriro w’iteka, gusenga ubutatu, uzisanga mu madini hafi ya yose, hakubiyemo n’amadini yiyita aya gikristo.a Ubuhanuzi bwa Yesaya se bwaba hari icyo buvuga ku birebana n’uko bizagendekera idini mu gihe kiri imbere?

Babuloni icishwa bugufi ikagera hasi mu mukungugu

 3. Garagaza ukuntu Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bwa Babuloni bwari ubutegetsi bukomeye.

³ Umva amagambo ashishikaje Imana yavuze igira iti “manuka wicare mu mukungugu, wa mwari w’i Babuloni we. Wa mukobwa w’Abakaludaya we, icara hasi ukuwe ku ntebe y’ubwami, kuko utazongera kuvugwaho ko udamaraye kandi ko umenyereye kugubwa neza” (Yesaya 47:1). Babuloni yari imaze imyaka myinshi ari ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi yose. Yari ‘icyubahiro cy’amahanga y’abami,’ umurwa ukomeye mu by’idini, ubucuruzi n’ibya gisirikare (Yesaya 13:19). Ubwami bwa Babuloni bumaze gukomera, bwari bwaragutse bugera mu majyepfo, ku mbibi za Misiri. Ndetse igihe yaneshaga Yerusalemu mu mwaka wa 607 M.I.C., byasaga n’aho n’Imana ubwayo itari gushobora kuyibuza gukomeza kunesha! Ibyo rero byatumye ibona ko yari ‘umwari,’ utari kuzigera na rimwe wigarurirwa n’igihugu cy’amahanga.b

 4. Ni gute byari kugendekera Babuloni?

⁴ Icyakora, uwo ‘mwari’ w’umwibone yari gukurwa ku ntebe y’ubwami ntakomeze kwitwa ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi yose, maze akicazwa ‘hasi mu mukungugu’ kugira ngo akorwe n’isoni (Yesaya 26:5). Ntiyari kuzakomeza kubonwa ko ‘adamaraye kandi ko aguwe neza,’ nk’umwamikazi watese. Ku bw’ibyo Yehova yaramutegetse ati “enda ingasire usye, utwikurure mu maso hawe, kuba igishura cyawe ucebure, wambuke imigezi” (Yesaya 47:2). Nyuma yo guhindura ishyanga ry’u Buyuda ryose abaretwa bayo, Babuloni na yo yari igiye gufatwa nk’umuretwa! Abamedi n’Abaperesi bari kuyikura ku butegetsi bari kuyihatira kubakorera imirimo ikojeje isoni.

 5. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo Babuloni yari ‘gutwikururwa kandi igakuba ibishura’? (b) Kuba yarasabwe ‘kwambuka imigezi’ bishobora kuba bisobanura iki?

⁵ Ni yo mpamvu rero Babuloni yari ‘gutwikururwa igakuba igishura cyayo,’ ntihagire ikintu na kimwe isigarana kigaragaza ko yigeze gukomera no kubahwa. Ba shebuja bari kuyitegeka bati ‘ambuka imigezi.’ Birashoboka ko Abanyababuloni bamwe na bamwe bari kuzategekwa kujya gukorera imirimo y’uburetwa hanze. Cyangwa se ubwo buhanuzi bukaba bwarasobanuraga ko Abanyababuloni bamwe na bamwe bari gushushubikanywa bakambutswa imigezi, ubwo bari kuba babajyanye mu bunyage. Uko byari kugenda kose, Babuloni ntiyari kuzongera kugenda mu byubahiro by’umwamikazi wambukaga umugezi ahetswe mu igare. Ahubwo yari kumera nk’umugaragu wagombaga kwikuramo ibyo kwiyubaha agakuba igishura cye agacebura kugira ngo abone uko yambuka umugezi. Mbega ibintu bikojeje isoni!

 6. (a) Ni gute ubwambure bwa Babuloni bwari gutwikururwa? (b) Ni iki umuntu uwo ari we wese atari gushobora gukora?

⁶ Yehova yakomeje ayinegura ati “ubwambure bwawe buzatwikururwa, ni koko isoni zawe zizagaragara. Nzahōra inzigo ne kubabarira n’umwe” (Yesaya 47:3). Babuloni yari gukorwa n’isoni ikubahukwa. Ubugome n’ibibi byose yagiriye ubwoko bw’Imana byari gushyirwa ahabona. Nta muntu wari kubuza Imana guhora inzigo!

 7. (a) Ni gute Abayahudi bari mu bunyage bari kwakira inkuru yavugaga ko Babuloni yaguye? (b) Yehova yari gucungura ubwoko bwe ate?

⁷ Nyuma y’imyaka 70 ubwoko bw’Imana bwari kuba bumaze mu bunyage muri Babuloni yari ikomeye, bwari kwishima cyane bubonye iguye. Bwari kwiyamirira buti “umucunguzi wacu izina rye ni Uwiteka [“Yehova,” “NW”] Nyiringabo, Uwera wa Isirayeli” (Yesaya 47:4). Mu gihe cy’Amategeko ya Mose, iyo Umwisirayeli yajyaga kuba umugaragu w’umuntu kugira ngo azabone uko amwishyura umwenda amurimo, umucunguzi (mwene wabo) yashoboraga kumugura, cyangwa kumucungura akamuvana mu bubata (Abalewi 25:47-54). Kubera ko Abayahudi bari kuba barajyanywe mu bubata i Babuloni, bari gukenera gucungurwa cyangwa se kubohorwa. Ubusanzwe ku bantu babaga bari mu bunyage mu gihugu runaka, kuneshwa kw’icyo gihugu byasobanuraga ko ari abatware bahindutse gusa. Ariko Yehova we yari gutuma Umwami Kuro abohora Abayahudi akabakura mu bubata. Misiri, Etiyopiya na Seba byari guhabwa Kuro ho “incungu” mu cyimbo cy’Abayahudi (Yesaya 43:3). Ku bw’ibyo byari bikwiriye ko Umucunguzi wa Isirayeli yitwa “Yehova Nyiringabo” (NW). Ingabo za Babuloni zasaga n’aho zikomeye cyane zari ubusa ugereranyije n’ingabo z’abamarayika zitagaragara za Yehova.

Ingaruka z’ubugome

 8. Ni mu buhe buryo Babuloni yari ‘kujya mu mwijima’?

⁸ Yehova yongeye gusubukura urubanza rw’ubuhanuzi yaciriye Babuloni agira ati “wa mukobwa w’Abakaludaya we, icara uceceke ujye mu mwijima, kuko utazongera kwitwa umugabekazi w’abami” (Yesaya 47:5). Nta kindi Babuloni yari kugira kitari umwijima n’agahinda. Ntiyari kongera gutegeka ubundi bwami ari umugabekazi w’umugome.—Yesaya 14:4.

 9. Ni iki cyatumye Yehova arakarira Abayahudi?

⁹ Ariko se kuki Babuloni yari yarabanje kwemererwa kugirira nabi ubwoko bw’Imana? Yehova yabisobanuye agira ati “narakariye ubwoko bwanjye, nsuzugura gakondo yanjye ndabakugabiza” (Yesaya 47:6a). Yehova yari afite impamvu zo kurakarira Abayahudi. Mbere yaho yari yarababuriye ababwira ko kutumvira Amategeko ye byari kubaviramo kwirukanwa mu gihugu (Gutegeka 28:64). Igihe batangiraga gusenga izindi mana no kwishora mu bwiyandarike, Yehova abigiranye urukundo yaboherereje abahanuzi bo kubafasha kongera gusenga mu buryo butanduye. Nyamara ‘bagashinyagurira intumwa z’Imana bagasuzugura amagambo yayo, bagaseka abahanuzi bayo kugeza ubwo Uwiteka yarakariye abantu be uburakari, ntibabona uko babukira’ (2 Ngoma 36:16). Ubwo rero Imana yemeye ko gakondo yayo, ni ukuvuga u Buyuda, busuzugurwa igihe Babuloni yasakizaga icyo gihugu igahumanya urusengero Rwayo rwera.—Zaburi 79:1; Ezekiyeli 24:21.

10, 11. N’ubwo Yehova yashakaga ko Babuloni inesha ubwoko bwe, kuki yayirakariye?

¹⁰ None se ubwo ibyo ntibyumvikanisha ko igihe Babuloni yahinduraga Abayahudi abacakara yarimo ikora ibyo Imana ishaka? Si byo, kubera ko Imana yavuze iti “ntiwabababarira na hato abasaza ubashyira ku gahato gakomeye cyane. Uravuga uti ‘nzaba umugabekazi iteka ryose.’ Ibyo ntiwabyitayeho kandi ntiwibuka iherezo ryabyo” (Yesaya 47:6b, 7). Imana ntiyari yategetse Babuloni kubagaragariza ubugome bukabije, ku buryo batanasonera “n’abasaza” (Amaganya 4:16; 5:12). Nta n’ubwo yari yabasabye kwishima hejuru y’abanyagano babo b’Abayahudi babakina ku mubyimba.—Zaburi 137:3.

¹¹ Babuloni yananiwe kwiyumvisha ko itari kumara igihe kirekire yarigaruriye Abayahudi. Yirengagije ko Yesaya yari yaravuze ko hari igihe cyari kugera Yehova akabohora ubwoko bwe. Yifataga nk’aho yagombaga gutegeka Abayahudi iteka n’iteka ndetse nk’iyari kuzakomeza kuba umugabekazi w’andi mahanga yari yarigaruriye. Yananiwe kuzirikana ubutumwa bwavugaga ko hari kuzabaho “iherezo” ry’ubutegetsi bwayo bw’igitugu!

Kugwa kwa Babuloni guhanurwa

12. Kuki Babuloni yiswe “uwihaye kwinezeza”?

¹² Yehova yaravuze ati “nuko rero umva ibi yewe uwihaye kwinezeza, ukicara udabagira, ukibwira mu mutima uti ‘ni jye uriho nta wundi, sinzaba umupfakazi kandi sinzapfusha abana’ ” (Yesaya 47:8). Babuloni yari izwiho kuba yarakundaga kwinezeza cyane. Umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa Hérodote wabayeho mu kinyejana cya gatanu M.I.C. yavuze ku “muhango ugayitse kuruta iyindi yose” Abanyababuloni bari bafite, ari wo w’uko abagore bose basabwaga gukora uburaya bahesha ikuzo imanakazi yabo y’urukundo. Undi muhanga mu by’amateka wa kera witwa Curtius na we yaravuze ati “abatuye muri uwo mujyi bari bafite ingeso mbi bikabije; icyo bakoraga cyose cyabaga kigamije kubyutsa irari riganisha ku bwiyandarike.”

13. Ni mu buhe buryo gukunda ibinezeza kwa Babuloni byari gutebutsa kugwa kwayo?

¹³ Kuba Babuloni yari yaratwawe no kwinezeza byari gutebutsa kugwa kwayo. Ku munsi wari kubanziriza kugwa kwayo, umwami wayo n’abategetsi be bakuru bari kuba bari mu birori, banywa basinze. Bityo ntibari kumenya ko ingabo z’Abamedi n’Abaperesi zari zagabye igitero muri uwo murwa (Daniyeli 5:1-4). Aho yari kuba ‘yicaye yidabagiriye’ yari kumva ko inkuta zayo zasaga n’izidashobora kumenerwamo n’uruhavu rwayo byari gutuma itaneshwa. Yibwiraga ko ‘nta wundi uriho’ wari kuzigera ujya mu mwanya wayo w’ubutegetsi ukomeye. Ntiyiyumvishaga ko yashoboraga guhinduka “umupfakazi,” ikabura umwanya wayo wo kuba umutegetsi w’igihangange kandi igapfusha “abana” cyangwa abaturage bayo. Ariko rero, nta rukuta rwari kuyirinda ukuboko kwa Yehova Imana ko guhora. Nyuma yaho Yehova yaravuze ati “naho i Babuloni hazamuka hakajya ejuru kandi naho hakomeza ibihome byo gukomera kwaho, nyamara abarimbuzi banturutseho bazahatera.”—Yeremiya 51:53.

14. Ni mu buhe buryo Babuloni yari ‘gupfusha abana ikanapfakara’?

¹⁴ Byari kugendekera bite Babuloni? Yehova yakomeje agira ati “ariko ibyo gupfusha abana no gupfakara byombi bizakugeraho umunsi umwe bigutunguye, uburozi bwawe nubwo ari bwinshi bute, n’ibikagiro byawe n’ubwo ari byinshi cyane, bizakugeraho byimazeyo” (Yesaya 47:9). Gukomera kwa Babuloni yari ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi kwari kugira iherezo mu buryo butunguranye. Mu bihugu bya kera byo mu Burasirazuba, gupfakara cyangwa gupfusha abana byari ibintu bibabaje cyane kurusha ibindi byose byashoboraga kugera ku mugore. Ntituzi umubare w’ “abana” Babuloni yapfushije muri iryo joro yanesherejwemo.c Ariko rero, mu gihe cyagenwe, uwo murwa wari gusigara ari amatongo masa (Yeremiya 51:29). Nanone, yari gupfakara kubera ko abami bayo bari gukurwa ku ntebe y’ubwami.

15. Uretse kuba Babuloni yaragiriye ubugome Abayahudi, ni iyihe mpamvu yindi yatumye Yehova ayirakarira?

¹⁵ Kuba Babuloni yarafashe nabi Abayahudi, si byo byonyine byatumye Yehova ayirakarira. ‘Ubwinshi bw’uburozi bwayo’ na bwo bwatumye arakara. Amategeko Imana yari yarahaye Abisirayeli yaciragaho iteka ubupfumu; ariko Babuloni yo yari yarabwirundumuriyemo (Gutegeka 18:10-12; Ezekiyeli 21:26). Hari igitabo cyavuze ko imibereho y’Abanyababuloni “yarangwaga no gutinya amadayimoni atabarika bumvaga ko abakikije.”—Social Life Among the Assyrians and Babylonians.

Kwiringira ubugome

16, 17. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo Babuloni ‘yiringiraga ubugome bwayo’? (b) Kuki nta wari kubuza Babuloni kurimbuka?

¹⁶ Ese abapfumu b’i Babuloni bari kuyikiza? Yehova yashubije agira ati ‘wiringiye ubugome bwawe uravuga uti “nta wundeba.” Ubwenge bwawe n’ubuhanga bwawe ni byo bikuyobeje uribwira uti “ni jye uriho nta wundi” ’ (Yesaya 47:10). Babuloni yibwiraga ko ubwenge bwayo mu bintu bisanzwe no mu birebana n’idini, imbaraga zayo za gisirikare n’amayeri yayo yarangwaga n’ubugome byari kuyibashisha gukomeza kuba umutegetsi w’igihangange w’isi. Yumvaga ko ari ‘nta wuyireba,’ mbese ko nta wuzayiryoza ibikorwa byayo bibi. Ntiyigeze itekereza ko hari ubundi bwami bwayihiga. Yaribwiraga iti “ni jye uriho nta wundi.”

¹⁷ Ariko rero, binyuriye ku wundi muhanuzi Yehova yaravuze ati “hari uwabasha kunyihisha ahiherereye simubone?” (Yeremiya 23:24; Abaheburayo 4:13). Ni yo mpamvu Yehova yavuze ati “ni cyo kizatuma ibyago bikugeraho ntumenye irasukiro ryabyo [“ntuzabibonera ibikagiro,” “NW”], ishyano rizakugwira ntuzashobora kuryikuraho, kandi kurimbuka utari wamenya kuzagutungura” (Yesaya 47:11). Ari imana z’i Babuloni ari n’ “ibikagiro” by’ubumaji byakorwaga n’abapfumu baho ntibyari gushobora kubakiza akaga kari kabugarije, akaga batari barigeze bahura na ko mbere hose!

Abajyanama ba Babuloni batsindwa

18, 19. Ni mu buhe buryo kwiringira abajyanama bayo byari guteza Babuloni akaga?

¹⁸ Yehova yarabaninuye bikabije ababwira ati “nuko komeza ibikagiro byawe n’uburozi bwawe uko bingana, ibyo wahirimbaniye uhereye mu buto bwawe ahari aho bizagira icyo bikuvura, ahari bizatuma unesha” (Yesaya 47:12). Babuloni yasabwe ‘gukomeza’ kwiringira ubupfumu bwayo. N’ubundi kandi, iryo shyanga ryari ryarakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo riteze imbere ubupfumu kuva ‘mu buto’ bwaryo.

¹⁹ Ariko rero Yehova yarayineguye ati “inama zawe nyinshi zirakuruhije, abaraguza ijuru n’abaraguza inyenyeri n’abahanura ukwezi kubonetse bakavuga ibizaba, nibahaguruke bagukize ibizakuzaho” (Yesaya 47:13).d Abajyanama ba Babuloni bari kunanirwa kugira ikintu na gito bayimarira. Ni iby’ukuri ko mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi bamaze bagenzura inyenyeri byatumye kuraguza inyenyeri muri Babuloni bitera imbere cyane. Ariko mu ijoro yari kugwiramo, kuba abaraguza inyenyeri bayo bari kunanirwa mu buryo buteye agahinda kugira icyo babona, byari kugaragaza ko ubupfumu nta cyo bumaze.—Daniyeli 5:7, 8.

20. Byari kugendekera bite abajyanama ba Babuloni?

²⁰ Yehova yashoje ubwo buhanuzi agira ati “dore bazamera nk’ibishingwe umuriro ubatwike, ntibazikiza imbaraga z’ibirimi byawo. Uwo muriro ntuzaba amakara yo kotwa, cyangwa icyotero cyo kwicarwa iruhande. Uko ni ko ibyo wahirimbaniye bizakubera, abaguranaga nawe uhereye mu buto bwawe bazigendera umuntu wese yigira ahe, nta wuzaba uhari wo kugukiza” (Yesaya 47:14, 15). Ni koko, abo bajyanama b’ibinyoma bari hafi gukongorwa n’umuriro. Uwo muriro ntiwari kuba ari umuriro muke abantu bashobora kota ahubwo wari kuba ari umuriro ukongora wari kugaragaza ko abo bajyanama b’ibinyoma bari ibishingwe bisa. Ntibitangaje rero kuba abajyanama b’i Babuloni bari gushya ubwoba bagahunga! Igihe abo bari basigaye bashyigikiye Babuloni bari kuba bamaze kugenda, nta wundi yari kubona uyikiza. Akebo yagereyemo Yerusalemu ni ko yari kugererwamo.—Yeremiya 11:12.

21. Ni gute kandi ni ryari ubuhanuzi bwa Yesaya bwasohoye uko bwakabaye?

²¹ Mu mwaka wa 539 M.I.C. ayo magambo yahumetswe yatangiye gusohora. Ingabo z’Abamedi n’iz’Abaperesi ziyobowe na Kuro zafashe umurwa, zica umwami wari uwutuyemo witwaga Belushazari (Daniyeli 5:1-4, 30). Mu ijoro rimwe gusa Babuloni yari ikuwe ku mwanya wayo wo kuba umutegetsi w’igihangange w’isi yose. Icyo gihe ubutegetsi bw’abakomokaga kuri Shemu bwari bumaze ibinyejana byinshi butegeka bwarahiritswe busimburwa n’Abariyani. Babuloni yari itangiye igihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi yari kumara yaracishijwe bugufi. Mu kinyejana cya kane I.C. yari “ibirundo” by’amatongo bisa (Yeremiya 51:37). Muri ubwo buryo, ubuhanuzi bwa Yesaya buba busohoye uko bwakabaye.

Babuloni yo muri iki gihe

22. Ni irihe somo kugwa kwa Babuloni biduha mu birebana no kwibona?

²² Ubuhanuzi bwa Yesaya butuma dutekereza cyane. Mbere na mbere, bushyira ahabona akaga gaterwa no kwibona ndetse no kwishyira hejuru. Kugwa kwa Babuloni yari umwibone bishimangira umugani wo muri Bibiliya ugira uti “kwibona kubanziriza kurimbuka, kandi umutima wirarira ubanziriza kugwa” (Imigani 16:18). Rimwe na rimwe usanga kwibona ari byo byiganje muri kamere yacu yo kudatungana, ariko rero ‘kwikakaza’ bishobora gutuma umuntu ‘ahinyuka akagwa mu mutego wa Satani’ (1 Timoteyo 3:6, 7). Byaba byiza rero twumviye inama ya Yakobo igira iti “mwicishe bugufi imbere y’Umwami Imana kuko ari bwo izabashyira hejuru.”—Yakobo 4:10.

23. Ni iki ubuhanuzi bwa Yesaya butuma twiringira?

²³ Ayo magambo y’ubuhanuzi kandi atuma twiringira Yehova, we urusha imbaraga abamurwanya bose (Zaburi 24:8; 34:8; 50:15; 91:14, 15). Kwibutswa ibyo biraduhumuriza cyane muri iyi minsi itoroshye. Kwiringira Yehova bituma dushimangira icyemezo twafashe cy’uko tuzakomeza kuba indakemwa mu maso y’Imana, tuzirikana ko indakemwa ‘zisazira neza’ (Zaburi 37:37, 38, Inkuru Nziza ku Muntu Wese). Ni iby’ingirakamaro ko buri gihe uko duhanganye n’ “uburiganya” bwa Satani twiringira Yehova aho kwishingikiriza ku bwenge bwacu.—Abefeso 6:10-13.

24, 25. (a) Kuki kuraguza inyenyeri bidahuje n’ubwenge, ariko se kuki benshi babyirukira? (b) Ni izihe mpamvu zimwe na zimwe zituma Abakristo birinda gukurikiza imiziririzo?

²⁴ Tubwirwa nanone ko tugomba kwirinda ibikorwa by’ubupfumu, cyane cyane ibyo kuraguza inyenyeri (Abagalatiya 5:20, 21). Igihe Babuloni yagwaga, abantu ntibahise bacika ku byo kuraguza inyenyeri. Igishishikaje ni uko hari n’igitabo kivuga ko uko Abanyababuloni bari baragabanyije inyenyeri mu matsinda byahindutse kuko abantu babona zisa n’aho “zavuye” aho zahoze kera “bigatuma indagu z’abaraguza inyenyeri zitaba zigifite icyo zivuze” (Great Cities of the Ancient World). N’ubu ariko kuraguza inyenyeri biracyakunzwe cyane kandi ibinyamakuru byinshi ntibyibagirwa gushyiriramo abasomyi babyo amapaji avuga ibyo kuraguza inyenyeri.

²⁵ Ariko se ni iki gituma abantu, hakubiyemo n’abize benshi, baraguza inyenyeri cyangwa se bakaba bakora n’ibindi bikorwa bidafite aho bihuriye n’ukuri bijyaniranye n’imiziririzo? Hari igitabo cyavuze kiti “imiziririzo ishobora kuzakomeza kugira uruhare mu mibereho y’abantu kubera ko usanga batinyana kandi bashidikanya ku bihereranye n’igihe kizaza” (The World Book Encyclopedia). Ubwoba no gushidikanya bishobora gutuma abantu batangira kugendera ku miziririzo. Ariko rero, Abakristo bo birinda kugendera ku miziririzo. Ntibatinya umuntu, kuko Yehova abashyigikiye (Zaburi 6:5-11). Ikindi kandi, nta rujijo bafite ku bihereranye n’igihe kizaza; bazi imigambi ya Yehova yahishuwe kandi ntibashidikanya ko “imigambi y’Uwiteka ikomera iteka ryose” (Zaburi 33:11). Guhuza imibereho yacu n’inama duhabwa na Yehova bituma twiringira ko tuzagira igihe kizaza cy’ibyishimo kandi kirambye.

26. Ni gute byagaragaye koko ko ‘ibyo abanyabwenge batekereza bitagira umumaro’?

²⁶ Mu myaka ishize, hari abantu bagiye bagerageza gushaka kumenya iby’igihe kizaza bifashishije “siyansi.” Hariho yemwe n’ishami ryiga iby’igihe kizaza rihereye ku biriho. Urugero, mu wa 1972 hari itsinda ry’intiti n’abacuruzi rizwi ku izina rya Club de Rome ryigeze kuvuga ko mu mwaka wa 1992 zahabu, merikire, zinc na peteroli byari kuzaba byarashize ku isi. Ni byo koko muri uwo mwaka wa 1972 isi yahuye n’ibibazo bitoroshye, ariko kandi ibyo bavuze ntibyigeze bisohora. Na n’ubu ku isi haracyaboneka zahabu, merikire, zinc, na peteroli. Koko rero, umuntu nta ko atagize ngo avuge iby’igihe kizaza ariko gufindafinda kwe nta na rimwe kwakwiringirwa. Ni iby’ukuri koko, ‘ibyo abanyabwenge batekereza ntibigira umumaro.’—1 Abakorinto 3:20.

Irimbuka ryegereje rya Babuloni Ikomeye

27. Ni ryari kandi ni gute Babuloni Ikomeye yaguye kimwe n’uko Babuloni ya kera yaguye mu wa 539 M.I.C.?

²⁷ Amadini yo muri iki gihe na n’ubu aracyakomeye kuri nyinshi mu nyigisho zo muri Babuloni ya kera. Ku bw’ibyo, ni mu gihe ko urugaga rw’amadini yose y’ikinyoma yo ku isi rwitwa Babuloni Ikomeye (Ibyahishuwe 17:5). Urwo rugaga mpuzamahanga rw’amadini rwamaze kugwa, kimwe n’uko mu mwaka wa 539 M.I.C. Babuloni ya kera yaguye (Ibyahishuwe 14:8; 18:2). Mu mwaka wa 1919 abasigaye mu bagize abavandimwe ba Kristo bavuye mu bunyage bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka maze bikiza ibisigisigi byose by’inyigisho z’amadini yiyita aya gikristo, ari cyo gice gikomeye kigize Babuloni Ikomeye. Kuva icyo gihe, amadini yiyita aya gikristo yatakaje imbaraga mu bihugu byinshi yari akomeyemo mbere.

28. Babuloni Ikomeye yirarira ite, ariko se ni iki kiyitegereje?

²⁸ Uko kugwa ariko kwari integuza y’irimbuka ry’amadini y’ikinyoma rizakurikiraho. Igishishikaje ni uko ubuhanuzi bwo mu Byahishuwe buvuga iby’irimbuka rya Babuloni Ikomeye butwibutsa amagambo y’ubuhanuzi yanditse muri Yesaya 47:8, 9. Kimwe na Babuloni ya kera, Babuloni Ikomeye na yo iravuga iti “nicara ndi umugabekazi sindi umupfakazi, ni cyo gituma nta gahinda nzagira na hato.” Ariko rero, “ibyago byawo byose bizaza ku munsi umwe, urupfu n’umuborogo n’inzara kandi uzatwikwa ukongoke, kuko Umwami Imana iwuciriye ho iteka ari iy’imbaraga.” Ku bw’ibyo rero, amagambo y’ubuhanuzi ari muri Yesaya igice cya 47 ni umuburo ku bantu bacyifatanya n’idini ry’ikinyoma. Niba badashaka kuzarimbukana na yo, nibumvire itegeko ryahumetswe rigira riti “nimuwusohokemo”!—Ibyahishuwe 18:4, 7, 8.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 111]

Babuloni yakundaga ibinezeza yari gucishwa bugufi ikagera mu mukungugu

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 114]

Abapfumu baraguzaga inyenyeri bo muri Babuloni ntibari gushobora kumenya mbere y’igihe ibyo kugwa kwayo

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 116]

Kalendari y’i Babuloni yari ishingiye ku kuraguza inyenyeri yo mu kinyagihumbi cya mbere M.I.C.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 119]

Hasigaye igihe gito Babuloni yo muri iki gihe ntibe ikiriho