Igitabo ushobora kwiringira—Igice cya 2

Ashuri mu mateka ya Bibiliya

Iyi ni ingingo ya kabiri mu ngingo ndwi z’uruhererekane zizasohoka mu magazeti ya “Nimukanguke!,” zivuga ibirebana n’ubutegetsi burindwi bw’ibihangange ku isi buvugwa mu mateka yo muri Bibiliya. Izo ngingo zigamije kugaragaza ko Bibiliya ari iyo kwiringirwa, ko yahumetswe n’Imana, kandi ko ubutumwa bwayo butanga ibyiringiro by’uko imibabaro yatewe n’ubutegetsi bubi bw’abantu izashira.

IYO abantu bo mu turere twa kera two mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati bumvaga Ashuri, bashobora kuba barakukaga umutima. Nk’uko igitabo cyo muri Bibiliya cya Yona kibivuga, igihe Imana yahaga umuhanuzi Yona inshingano yo gutangariza ubutumwa bw’urubanza mu murwa mukuru wa Ashuri ari wo Nineve, Yona yarahunze yerekeza ahandi (Yona 1:​1-3). Birashoboka ko byatewe n’uko Abashuri bari bazwiho kuba abantu bakanganye.

Amateka yiringirwa

Umuhanuzi wo muri Bibiliya witwa Nahumu yavuze ko umugi wa Nineve wari “isenga ry’intare” n’ “umugi uvusha amaraso.” Yongeyeho ati “ntusiba gusahura! Umva uko ikiboko kivuza ubuhuha, umva urusaku rw’inziga z’amagare, imirindi y’amafarashi yiruka cyane n’ikiriri cy’amagare y’intambara anyaruka. Dore ugendera ku ifarashi, dore inkota ishashagirana, icumu rirabagirana, abantu benshi bishwe, n’ibirundo by’imirambo; hari intumbi zitagira ingano. Bakomeza gusitara ku ntumbi zabo” (Nahumu 2:​11; 3:​1-3). Ese amateka asanzwe ahuza n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga ku birebana na Ashuri ya kera?

Hari igitabo cyavuze ko Abashuri bari “abarwanyi b’abagome, ku buryo ubwo bugome bwatumaga abanzi babo babatinya cyane” (Light From the Ancient Past). Dore uko umwe mu bami ba Ashuri witwaga Assurnasirpal II yivuze ibigwi, avuga uko yagenzaga abamurwanyaga:

Yaravuze ati “amarembo y’umugi we nayubatseho inkingi, abatware be bose banyigometseho mbakuraho impu nzibamba ku nkingi; bamwe muri bo narabishe mbubakisha inkingi, abandi mbamanikisha ibisongo ku nkingi, . . . abasirikare bakuru babo n’abatware b’ibwami bari baranyigometseho nabaciye amaguru n’amaboko. . . . Abenshi mu bo najyanaga ho iminyago narabatwitse, abandi mbafata mpiri mbagira ingaruzwamuheto.” Igihe abashakashatsi batabururaga amatongo y’ingoro z’abami b’Abashuri, babonye inkuta zari zishushanyijeho amashusho agaragaza ukuntu abajyanyweho iminyago bagirirwaga nabi, bagakorerwa ibikorwa by’agahomamunwa.

Mu mwaka wa 740 Mbere ya Yesu, Abashuri bigaruriye Samariya, umurwa mukuru w’ubwami bw’amajyaruguru bwa Isirayeli, maze bajyana abaturage baho ho iminyago. Nyuma y’imyaka umunani, Ashuri yigaruriye u Buyudaa (2 Abami 18:​13). Senakeribu umwami wa Ashuri, yasabye Umwami Hezekiya w’u Buyuda kujya amuha amakoro angana n’italanto 30 za zahabu, hamwe n’italanto 300 z’ifeza. Bibiliya igaragaza ko ayo makoro yatangwaga. Nubwo yatangwaga ariko, Senakeribu yakomeje gusaba ko umurwa mukuru w’u Buyuda ari wo Yerusalemu, wishyira mu maboko y’Abashuri nta yandi mananiza.​​—⁠2 Abami 18:​9-17, 28-31.

Abashakashatsi babonye i Nineve inyandiko z’amateka ya Senakeribu zibonekamo izo nkuru. Mu mwandiko wanditse ku kibumbano cya purisime ya mpandesheshatu, hari amagambo umwami wa Ashuri yavuze yivuga ibigwi agira ati “Hezekiya w’Umuyahudi yanze kungandukira, maze ngota imigi y’ibihome 46 yategekaga n’indi midugudu mito itagira ingano ihakikije, ndabyigarurira. . . . Hezekiya ubwe namufungiye i Yerusalemu mu ngoro ye nk’inyoni ikingiraniwe mu kazu kayo.” Senakeribu yigambye avuga ko Hezekiya yamwoherereje “italanto 30 za zahabu, italanto 800 z’ifeza, amabuye y’agaciro, . . . [n’]ubutunzi bw’agaciro bw’ubwoko bwose,” bikaba bigaragara ko yakabirije umubare nyawo w’italanto z’ifeza yamuhaga.

Zirikana ariko ko Senakeribu atigeze yigamba ko yigaruriye Yerusalemu. Koko rero, ntiyigeze agira icyo avuga ku birebana n’uko ingabo ze zaneshejwe bidasubirwaho bitewe n’imbaraga z’Imana. Bibiliya ivuga ko mu ijoro rimwe, umumarayika w’Imana yishe ingabo z’Abashuri 185.000 (2 Abami 19:​35, 36). Umuhanga witwa Jack Finegan yaravuze ati “dukurikije amagambo yo kwiyemera aboneka mu nyandiko z’abami b’Abashuri, ntitwapfa kwitega ko Senakeribu yari kwandika ayo magambo avuga ibirebana n’uko gutsindwa kwe.”

Ubuhanuzi bukwiriye kwiringirwa

Imyaka igera ku ijana mbere y’uko Ubwami bw’Abashuri butsindwa, Yesaya yari yarahanuye ko Yehova Imana yari kuzahana abo bibone, bitewe n’uko basuzuguye ubwoko bwe. Yehova yaravuze ati “nzaryoza umwami wa Ashuri ibyo yakoze abitewe n’agasuzuguro ko mu mutima we n’ubwibone bw’amaso ye yishyira hejuru” (Yesaya 10:​12). Nanone kandi, umuhanuzi w’Imana witwa Nahumu yari yarahanuye ko Nineve yari kuzasahurwa, amarembo yayo agakingurirwa abanzi bayo kandi abayirindaga bagahunga (Nahumu 2:​8, 9; 3:​7, 13, 17, 19). Umuhanuzi wo muri Bibiliya witwa Zefaniya yanditse ko uwo mugi wari kuzahinduka “umwirare.”​​—⁠Zefaniya 2:​13-15.

Ubwo buhanuzi bwasohoye mu mwaka wa 632 Mbere ya Yesu. Icyo gihe ni bwo Nineve yaguye mu maboko y’ingabo zari zishyize hamwe z’Abanyababuloni n’Abamedi. Ngiryo iherezo rikojeje isoni ry’ubwami bwa Ashuri! Inyandiko z’Abanyababuloni zivuga iby’iyo nkuru, zigaragaza ko izo ngabo “zavanye iminyago myinshi muri uwo mugi no mu rusengero rwaho,” kandi Nineve zikayihindura “amatongo.” Muri iki gihe, agace k’umwirare k’ahahoze Nineve, karangwa n’ibirundo by’amatongo ari ku nkombe y’uburasirazuba bw’uruzi rwa Tigre, ahateganye n’umugi wa Mosul muri Iraki.

Nanone irimbuka rya Ashuri ryatumye hasohozwa ubundi buhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya. Mbere yaho mu mwaka wa 740 Mbere ya Yesu, Ashuri yari yarajyanye mu bunyage abaturage bo mu bwami bwari bugizwe n’imiryango icumi. Mu gihe Abashuri bakoraga ibyo, umuhanuzi w’Imana witwa Yesaya yahanuye ko Yehova yari ‘kuzavunagura Abashuri,’ ‘akabanyukanyuka’ maze akagarura Abisirayeli mu gihugu cyabo. Yesaya yaranditse ati ‘abasigaye bo mu bwoko bw’[Imana], izabavana muri Ashuri, ibahurize hamwe.’ Kandi koko, ibyo ni ko byagenze nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri magana abiri.​​—⁠Yesaya 11:​11, 12; 14:​25.

Amasezerano ushobora kwiringira

Imyaka myinshi mbere y’uko Nineve igwa, igihe abami bayo bari bagitera ubwoba abanzi babo, Yesaya yahanuye ko hari kuzima umwami utandukanye cyane n’abami ba Ashuri. Yaranditse ati “dore umwana yatuvukiye, twahawe umwana w’umuhungu, kandi ubutware buzaba ku bitugu bye. Azitwa . . . Umwami w’amahoro. Ubutware bwe buziyongera kandi amahoro ntazagira iherezo ku ntebe y’ubwami ya Dawidi no mu bwami bwe, kugira ngo abukomeze kandi abushyigikize ubutabera no gukiranuka, uhereye ubu kugeza ibihe bitarondoreka. Ibyo ngibyo Yehova nyir’ingabo azabisohoresha umwete we.”​​—⁠Yesaya 9:​6, 7.

Yesu Kristo “Umwami w’amahoro” azategeka isi yose. Muri Zaburi 72:​7, 8 hagira hati “mu minsi ye umukiranutsi azasagamba, kandi azagira amahoro menshi kugeza igihe ukwezi kuzaba kutakiriho. Azagira abayoboke kuva ku nyanja kugera ku yindi, no kuva kuri rwa Ruzi [Ufurate] kugera ku mpera z’isi.”

Yehova Imana azasohoza isezerano rivugwa muri Zaburi 46:​8, 9 akoresheje uwo ‘Mwami w’amahoro’ w’umunyambaraga. Iryo sezerano rigira riti “nimuze murebe ibikorwa bya Yehova, ukuntu yakoze ibintu bitangaje mu isi. Akuraho intambara kugeza ku mpera z’isi; umuheto arawuvunagura, n’icumu araricagagura, amagare y’intambara ayatwikisha umuriro.”

Abahamya ba Yehova batangiye gusohoza ubwo buhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya, bashyiraho gahunda yo kwigisha Bibiliya, maze bakigisha abantu inzira y’amahoro nk’uko Yesu yabigenzaga. Koko rero, abantu si bo bazasohoza ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya buvugwa muri Yesaya 2:​4, ahubwo buzasohozwa n’Imana. Ubwo buhanuzi bugira buti “inkota zabo bazazicuramo amasuka, amacumu yabo bayacuremo impabuzo. Nta gihugu kizabangurira ikindi inkota, kandi ntibazongera kwiga kurwana.” Ibyo bitandukanye n’ibiba muri iki gihe, aho buri mwaka isi n’abategetsi bayo bakoresha amadolari agera kuri miriyari igihumbi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare!

Ubuhanuzi n’amateka ahuje n’ukuri bigaragaza ko Bibiliya ari igitabo cyihariye, kandi bikagaragariza abantu b’imitima itaryarya bifuza kumenya ukuri, ko Bibiliya ari igitabo dukwiriye kwiringira. Mu ngingo izakurikira yo muri izi ngingo z’uruhererekane, tuzasuzuma Babuloni ya kera, umurwa mukuru w’ubwami bw’igihangange bwa gatatu buvugwa mu mateka ya Bibiliya.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ikarita yo ku ipaji ya 27]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu igazeti ya Nimukanguke!)

UBWAMI BWA ASHURI

U BUMEDI

ASHURI

Korusabadi

Nineve

Kala

Ashour

Babuloni

Tigre

Ufurate

Inyanja ya Mediterane (Inyanja Nini)

Samariya

Yerusalemu

EGIPUTA

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 28]

Ibimasa binini bifite amababa n’umutwe nk’uw’umuntu byarindaga ingoro z’abami b’Abashuri

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 28]

Purisime yanditseho ibigwi bya Senakeribu by’ukuntu yateye u Buyuda

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 28]

Iri buye rishushanyijeho imfungwa bakuraho uruhu zikiri nzima

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 28 yavuye]

Ipaji ya 27 ahagana hejuru, uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo: Urukuta rwo muri Egiputa n’ishusho ya Nero: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum; Urukuta rw’Abaperesi: Musée du Louvre, Paris; Ahagana hasi, ikimasa gifite amababa n’amashusho yombi ari ku ipaji ya 28: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum