Gukwirakwiza Umucyo mu Gihe cy’Ukuhaba kwa Kristo
‘Umwana w’umuntu ubwo azaza afite ubwiza bwe, azarobanura [abantu].’—MATAYO 25:31, 32.
1. Ni gute abayobozi ba Kristendomu basobanuye icyo amagambo aboneka muri Matayo 24:3 ashaka kuvuga?
IMINSI itatu mbere y’urupfu rwa Yesu, bane mu bigishwa be baramwegereye maze bamubaza bashimikiriye bati “tubwire, ibyo bizaba ryari, n’ikimenyetso cyo kuza [mu Kigiriki, pa·rou·siʹa] kwawe n’icy’imperuka y’isi ni ikihe?” Hashize ibinyejana byinshi abayobozi n’abanditsi ba Kristendomu basobanura ko ayo magambo yabwiwe Yesu muri Matayo 24:3 ashaka kuvuga ko Yesu yari kuzongera kuboneka afite umubiri abantu bose bakamubona. Bityo rero, bigishije ko ukugaruka kwa Kristo kwari kubaho ku mugaragaro kandi kukabonekera abantu mu buryo buhambaye cyane. Ibyo babyita ukugaruka kwa Kristo ubwa kabiri. Ariko se, ibyo bibwira ibyo ni iby’ukuri?
2, 3. (a) Ni irihe tandukaniro Umubumbe wa 2 w’igitabo cyitwa Etudes des Ecritures ushyira hagati y’amagambo “kuza” n’ “ukuhaba”? (b) Ni iki ubwoko bwa Yehova bwaje gusobanukirwa ku bihereranye n’ubusobanuro bwa pa·rou·siʹa ya Kristo?
2 Mu wa 1889, abasizwe ba Yehova, ari bo batanga umucyo bo mu kinyejana cya 19, bari baramaze gusobanukirwa neza ibihereranye no kugaruka kwa Kristo. Mu Mubumbe wa 2 w’igitabo cyitwa Etudes des Ecritures, ku ipaji ya 164 n’iya 166, Charles T. Russel, perezida wa mbere wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, yanditse agira ati “Parousia . . . isobanura ukuhaba, kandi nta bwo yagombye na rimwe guhindurwamo kuza nk’uko biri muri za Bibiliya zisanzwe . . . Ubuhinduzi bw’Isezerano Rishya bw’agaciro kenshi bwitwa ‘Emphatic Diaglott,’ buhindura parousia mu buryo bukwiriye buvuga ko ari ukuhaba . . . , nta bwo burihinduramo kuza nk’aho ari mu nzira, ahubwo nko kuhaba amaze kuhagera, nk’uko [Yesu] yabivuze agira ati ‘uko iminsi ya Nowa yari iri, na parousia [ukuhaba] y’Umwana w’umuntu ni ko izaba.’ Tuzirikane ko atagereranyije ukuza kwa Nowa n’ukuza k’Umwami wacu . . . Ahubwo, igereranya ryaba riri hagati y’igihe cy’ukuhaba kwa Nowa mu bantu ‘mbere y’umwuzure,’ n’igihe cy’ukuhaba kwa Kristo mu isi, mu kuza kwe ubwa kabiri, ‘mbere y’umuriro’—ni ukuvuga imidugararo ikabije yo ku Munsi w’Umwami [Yehova] izarangirana n’iki gihe.”—Matayo 24:37.
3 Bityo rero, ubwoko bwa Yehova bwo mu kinyejana cya 19 bwasobanukiwe neza ko pa·rou·siʹa ya Kristo yari kuba itaboneka. Nanone bwaje gusobanukirwa ko ibihe by’Abanyamahanga byari kurangira ku muhindo w’uwa 1914. Uko umucyo wo mu buryo bw’umwuka wagendaga wiyongera, baje gusobanukirwa ko Yesu Kristo yari yarimitswe mu ijuru ngo abe Umwami w’Ubwami muri uwo mwaka wa 1914.—Imigani 4:18; Daniyeli 7:13, 14; Luka 21:24; Ibyahishuwe 11:15.
“Ukuhaba k’Umwami Wacu”
4. “Ukuhaba k’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo” kwerekeza ku ki?
4 None se, muri iki gihe, imvugo ngo “ukuhaba k’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo” isobanura iki? (1 Abatesalonike 5:23, Traduction du monde nouveau). Umuntu umwe w’intiti muri ibyo, asobanura ko ijambo “ukuhaba,” ni ukuvuga pa·rou·siʹa, “ryahindutse ijambo ryemewe rivuga iby’igihe umuntu ukomeye, cyane cyane nk’umwami cyangwa umwami w’abami, yasuye intara.” Bityo rero, iyo mvugo yerekeza ku kuhaba k’Umwami Yesu Kristo ari Umwami uganje kuva igihe yimikiwe mu ijuru mu wa 1914 kugeza ubu. Arahari mu buryo butaboneka kugira ngo ‘ategeke hagati y’abanzi be,’ ari Umwami utwarana umwete kugira ngo asohoze iryo tegeko ry’ubuhanuzi (Zaburi 110:2). Abantu bo mu isi bamaze imyaka igera kuri 79 bagerwaho n’ingaruka z’ukuhaba kwa Kristo ari Umwami utaboneka.
5. Ni ibihe bintu bitatu byabaye mu gihe cya pa·rou·siʹa bizasuzumwa mu bice bitatu byo muri iyi gazeti?
5 Muri uru ruhererekane rw’ibice bitatu, tuzasuzuma ibihamya bitangaje by’ibintu Ubwami bwa Kristo burimo busohoza muri iki gihe. Mbere na mbere, tuzerekana ubuhanuzi bwinshi bwa Bibiliya buvuga ibintu byamaze gusohora cyangwa ndetse n’ibirimo bisohora ubu. Hanyuma, tuzavuga iby’umurimo ukomeye urimo ukorwa n’itsinda ry’umugaragu ukiranuka w’ubwenge, iryo Yesu arimo akoresha muri iki gihe cyose cy’ukuhaba kwe mu butware bwa cyami (Matayo 24:45-47). Igice cya gatatu kizatubwira iby’indunduro ikomeye, ni ukuvuga igihe cy’ “umubabaro mwinshi.” Icyo gihe ni bwo Yesu azaba aje ari Urangiza imanza za Yehova kugira ngo arimbure inkozi z’ibibi kandi acungure abakiranutsi (Matayo 24:21, 29-31). Intumwa Pawulo yavuze ko icyo gihe cyo kurimbuka ari igihe cyo kubitura “namwe abababazwa . . . kuzaruhukana natwe, ubwo Umwami Yesu azahishurwa, ava mu ijuru, azanye n’abamarayika b’ubutware bwe, hagati y’umuriro waka, ahōre inzigo abatamenye Imana n’abatumvira ubutumwa bwiza bw’Umwami wacu Yesu.”—2 Abatesalonike 1:7, 8.
Ikimenyetso
6. Ni ikihe kimenyetso gikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bivugwa mu gice cya 24 n’icya 25 byo muri Matayo?
6 Mbere y’imyaka 1900 ishize, abigishwa batanga umucyo ba Yesu bamubajije ikimenyetso, cyangwa icyari kuranga ukuhaba kwe ari Umwami. Igisubizo cye kiri muri Matayo igice cya 24 n’icya 25, kirimo ikimenyetso gikubiyemo ibintu byinshi, kandi ibice byacyo byose birimo birasohora mu isi yose. Isohozwa ry’icyo kimenyetso ryari kurangwa n’igihe cy’umubabaro hamwe n’ukugeragezwa gukomeye. Yesu yabitanzeho umuburo agira ati “mwirinde hatagira umuntu ubayobya, kuko benshi bazaza biyita izina ryanjye bati ‘ni jye Kristo’; bazayobya benshi. Muzumva iby’intambara n’impuha z’intambara; mwirinde mudahagarika imitima: kuko bitazabura kubaho, ariko imperuka izaba itaraza.”—Matayo 24:4-6.
7. Ni ibihe bintu bikubiye muri icyo kimenyetso twagiye tubona bisohora kuva mu wa 1914?
7 Nanone Yesu yahanuye ko hari kuzabaho intambara zikomeye kuruta izazibanjirije zose. Mu gusohoza ibyo, intambara ebyiri muri zo ziswe ko ari intambara z’isi, imwe ikaba yarabaye kuva mu wa 1914 kugeza mu wa 1918, na ho iya kabiri ikaba yarabaye kuva mu wa 1939 kugeza mu wa 1945. Byongeye kandi, yavuze ko hari kuzabaho ibura ry’ibiribwa n’imitingito y’isi hamwe na hamwe. Abakristo b’ukuri bari kuzatotezwa cyane. Mu guhuza n’ubwo buhanuzi, Abahamya ba Yehova, ari na bo batanga umucyo muri iki gihe, bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo inani batotezwa mu gihe babaga babwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana “mu isi yose, ngo b[i]be ubuhamya bwo guhamiriza amahanga yose” (Matayo 24:7-14). Buri Annuaire des Témoins de Jéhovah (Gitabo Nyamwaka cy’Abahamya ba Yehova) kigenda gihamya ko ibyo bice by’ikimenyetso birimo bisohozwa.
8, 9. (a) Ukuhaba kwa Yesu ari Umwami gukubiyemo iki? (b) Ni iki ubuhanuzi bwa Yesu bwerekeye abiyita Kristo bwerekana ku bihereranye n’aho yari kuba ari mu gihe cy’ukuhaba kwe n’uburyo yari kuba ahari?
8 Kubera ko ubutware bwa cyami bwa Yesu bureba isi yose, ugusenga k’ukuri kurimo kuragukira mu migabane yose y’isi. Ukuhaba (pa·rou·siʹa) kwe ari Umwami, ni igihe cyo kugendereramo isi (1 Petero 2:12). Ariko se, hariho umurwa mukuru, cyangwa umudugudu, aho Yesu ashobora kubonanira n’abantu? Yesu yasubije icyo kibazo ahanura ko mu gihe abantu bari kuba bategereje ukuhaba kwe, abiyita Kristo bari kwaduka. Yatanze umuburo agira ati “nibababwira bati ‘dore, [Kristo] ageze mu butayu!’ ntimuzajyeyo; cyangwa bati ‘dore ari mu mbere, ariherereye!’ ntimuzabyemere. Uko umurabyo urabiriza iburasirazuba, ako kanya ukabonekera n’iburengerazuba, ni ko no kuza [kuhaba, MN (pa·rou·siʹa)] k’Umwana w’umuntu kuzaba.”—Matayo 24:24, 26, 27, Isezerano Rishya mpuzamatorero ryitwa Inkuru Nziza ku Muntu Wese.
9 Yesu, “Umwana w’umuntu” yari azi, kurusha undi muntu uwo ari we wese mu isi, aho yagombaga kuba ari mu gihe iminsi yo kuhaba kwe yari kuba itangiye. Nta bwo yagombaga kuba ahantu aha n’aha cyangwa ahantu runaka aho ari ho hose ku isi. Nta bwo yari kubonekera ahantu hiherereye, “mu butayu,” kugira ngo abari kuba bashaka Mesiya bashobore kuvugana na we abategetsi b’igihugu batabizi, aho abigishwa be bari gushobora guhererwamo imyitozo bayobowe na we bitegura guhirika ubutegetsi, maze bakamushyira ku butegetsi akaba Umutware wa Kimesiya w’isi. Byongeye kandi, nta bwo yari kwihisha “mu mbere,” ahantu hari kuba hazwi n’abantu bake gusa batoranyijwe, kugira ngo, mu buryo bwa rwihishwa, ashobore gucura inama z’ubugambanyi n’imigambi yo mu ibanga afatanyije n’amashumi ye maze agahirika ubutegetsi bw’isi kandi akiyimike akaba Mesiya wasezeranyijwe. Ashwi da!
10. Ni gute imirabyo y’ukuri kwa Bibiliya yarabirije mu isi yose?
10 Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, nta kintu na kimwe gihereranye no kuza kwa Yesu ari Umwami cyari guhishwa mu ntangiriro y’ukuhaba kwe kwa cyami. Nk’uko Yesu yabihanuye, imirabyo y’ukuri kwa Bibiliya irakomeza kurabiriza ahantu hagutse cyane mu mpande zose z’isi, kuva mu duce tw’i Burasirazuba kugeza mu tw’i Burengerazuba. Mu by’ukuri, Abahamya ba Yehova, ari bo abatanga umucyo bo muri iki gihe, bagaragaza ko ari ‘umucyo wo kuvira amahanga, kugira ngo agakiza ka [Yehova] kagere ku mpera y’isi.’—Yesaya 49:6.
Igikorwa cy’Abamarayika
11. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo ingabo z’abamarayika zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza umucyo w’Ubwami? (b) Ni ryari kandi ni mu rihe tsinda abagereranywa n’ingano bagiye bakorakoranyirizwamo?
11 Indi mirongo ihereranye n’ukuhaba kwa Yesu, imuvugaho kuba agaragiwe cyangwa ‘atuma’ ingabo z’abamarayika (Matayo 16:27; 24:31). Mu mugani w’ingano n’urumamfu, Yesu yavuze ko ‘umurima ari isi’ kandi ko ‘isarura ari imperuka,’ na ho ‘abasaruzi bakaba abamarayika.’ Ibyo ariko ntibisobanura ko mu gihe cy’ukuhaba kwe mu butware bwa Cyami afite ikuzo akoresha abamarayika bonyine mu gusohoza ubutumwa ku isi. Guhera mu wa 1919, abamarayika bari munsi y’ubuyobozi bwa Yesu batangiye kurobanura itsinda ry’abagereranywa n’ingano rigizwe n’abasizwe babyawe n’umwuka bari hano ku isi, maze bategurirwa gukora undi murimo mu izina ry’Umwami (Matayo 13:38-43). Mu myaka ya za 20, abandi bantu babarirwa mu bihumbi bashyigikiye Ubwami bw’Imana kandi basigwa n’umwuka w’Imana. Abo basizwe, bongerewe ku itsinda ryariho ry’abasigaye. Muri rusange, bagize itsinda ry’umugaragu ukiranuka w’ubwenge muri iki gihe.
12. Ni mu kuhe kwezwa abamarayika bagizemo uruhare, kandi ibyo byagize izihe ngaruka ku isi?
12 Urundi rugero rw’igikorwa cy’abamarayika mu gihe cy’ukuhaba kwa Yesu nyuma yo kwimikwa kwe mu wa 1914, ruboneka mu Byahishuwe 12:7-9 mu magambo agira ati “mu ijuru habaho intambara. Mikayeli [Yesu Kristo] n’abamarayika be batabarira kurwanya cya kiyoka: ikiyoka kirwanana n’abamarayika bacyo. Ntibanesha, kandi mu ijuru ahabo ntihaba hakiboneka. Cya kiyoka kinini kiracibwa, ni cyo ya nzoka ya kera, yitwa Umwanzi na Satani, ni cyo kiyobya abari mu isi bose; nuko kijugunywa mu isi, abamarayika bacyo bajugunyanwa na cyo.” Bityo rero, ijuru ryarejejwe; igisigaye ni ukweza mu buryo bunonosoye ahasigaye h’ubwo Bwami, ni ukuvuga hano ku isi, kugira ngo izina rya Yehova ryezwe. Muri uyu mwaka wa 1994, uyu muburo uva ku Mana uracyari uwo kwitonderwa. Uragira uti ‘naho wowe, wa si we, ugushije ishyano kuko Satani yakumanukiye, afite umujinya mwinshi, azi yuko afite igihe gito.’—Ibyahishuwe 12:12.
Umuzuko w’Abajya mu Ijuru
13, 14. (a) Ibyanditswe byerekana ko ari iki cyatangiye kubaho kuva mu wa 1918? (b) Ni iki Pawulo na Yohana bahishura ku bihereranye n’abasigaye basizwe muri iki gihe?
13 Ikindi kintu gitangaje cyabaye mu gihe cy’ukuhaba kwa Kristo, ni itangira ry’umuzuko w’abajya mu ijuru. Intumwa Pawulo yagaragaje ko abo Bakristo basizwe bari bamaze igihe kirekire barasinziriye mu bituro byabo bari kuba aba mbere bari kuzurwa maze bakajya kubana na Kristo Yesu mu buturo bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, hagiye hatangwa ibihamya byerekana ko ibyo bisa n’aho byabayeho guhera mu wa 1918. Pawulo yanditse agira ati “bose bazahindurwa bazima na Kristo; ariko umuntu wese mu mwanya we, kuko Kristo ari we muganura, maze hanyuma aba Kristo bakazabona kuzuka ubwo azaza [pa·rou·siʹa]” (1 Abakorinto 15:22, 23). Kuba abasizwe bazuka mu gihe cy’ukuhaba kwa Kristo, byemezwa n’amagambo ari mu 1 Abatesalonike 4:15-17 agira ati “iki ni cyo tubabwira, tukibwirijwe n’ijambo ry’Umwami wacu [Yehova, MN ] , yuko twebwe abazaba bakiriho, basigaye kugeza ku kuza [pa·rou·siʹa] k’Umwami, tutazabanziriza na hato abasinziriye . . . abapfiriye muri Kristo ni bo bazabanza kuzuka: maze natwe abazaba bakiriho basigaye, duhereko tujyananwe na bo tuzamuwe mu bicu, gusanganirira Umwami mu kirere.” Aba Kristo basizwe ni 144.000, ari bo amaherezo bazahabwa iyo ngororano ihebuje.—Ibyahishuwe 14:1.
14 Nk’uko Pawulo abigaragaza, abasigaye basizwe bakiriho muri iki gihe ntibinjira mu Bwami mbere y’Abakristo basizwe b’indahemuka ba kera bishwe bahowe ukwizera kwabo kandi bakaba ari abigishwa. Intumwa Yohana yongeye kugira icyo avuga kuri abo basizwe bapfa muri iki gihe, agira ati “uhereye none hahirwa abapfa bapfira mu Mwami wacu. Umwuka na we aravuga ati ‘yee, ngo baruhuke imihati yabo, kuko imirimo yabo ijyanye na bo ibakurikiye’ ” (Ibyahishuwe 14:13). Pawulo na we yunzemo agira ati “dore, mbamenere ibanga: ntituzasinzira twese, ahubwo twese tuzahindurwa, mu kanya gato, ndetse mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya, ubwo impanda y’imperuka izavuga. Impanda izavuga koko, abapfuye bazurwe ubutazongera kubora, natwe duhindurwe” (1 Abakorinto 15:51, 52). Mbega igitangaza gikomeye!
15, 16. (a) Ni iyihe mvugo y’ikigereranyo Yesu yakoresheje muri Luka 19:11-15, kandi ku bw’izihe mpamvu? (b) Ni gute ubwo buhanuzi bwagiye busohozwa?
15 Igihe kimwe, ubwo Yesu yari arimo abwiriza itsinda ry’abigishwa be iby’Ubwami bw’Imana, yakoresheje umugani kugira ngo abafashe kugorora ibitekerezo byabo byari bikocamye. Iyo nkuru iragira iti “bibwiraga ko ubwami bw’Imana bugiye kuboneka uwo mwanya. Nuko aravuga ati ‘hariho umuntu w’imfura, wazindukiye mu gihugu cya kure kwimikirwayo; yamara kwima, akagaruka. Nuko ahamagara abagaragu be cumi, abaha mina cumi, arababwira ati ‘mube muzigenzura kugeza aho nzazira.’ . . . Agarutse, amaze kwimikwa, ategeka ko bahamagara ba bagaragu yasigiye za feza, ngo amenye urugenzo umuntu wese muri bo yagenzuye.’ ”—Luka 19:11-15.
16 Yesu yari uwo ‘muntu’ wagiye mu ijuru, “mu gihugu cya kure” aho yagiye guhabwa ubwami. Ubwo Bwami yabuhawe mu wa 1914. Nyuma y’aho gato, Kristo, ari Umwami, yamurikiwe ibikorwa by’abiyitaga abigishwa be kugira ngo arebe ukuntu bitaye ku by’Ubwami bari barashinzwe. Bake b’indahemuka baratoranyijwe kugira ngo bashimirwe na shebuja. Yarababwiye ati “nuko nuko, mugaragu mwiza; kuko wakiranutse ku gito cyane, nuko ube umutware w’imisozi cumi” (Luka 19:17). Icyo gihe cyo kuhaba kwa Kristo cyagombaga gukorwamo umurimo wagutse wo kubwiriza Ubwami nta gutezuka, hakubiyemo no gutangaza imanza Imana yaciriye inkozi z’ibibi, kandi mu bubasha “[u]mugaragu mwiza” yari guhabwa hari hakubiyemo no kuyobora uwo murimo.
Umurimo wo Kubwiriza ku Isi Hose
17. Ni ibihe byishimo biranga pa·rou·siʹa?
17 Ni iki cyagombaga kubaho mu gihe cyo kuhaba kwa Kristo, cyangwa pa·rou·siʹa? Icyo gihe cyari kuba igihe cy’ibyishimo bikomeye mu murimo wo kubwiriza no gufasha abakiri bashya kwitegura kurokoka umubabaro ukomeye wegereje. Abagize ‘umukumbi munini’ bunganira abasigaye basizwe, bahinduka ‘inzandiko zo kogeza’ (Ibyahishuwe 7:9; 2 Abakorinto 3:1-3). Pawulo yagaragaje ibyishimo bibonerwa muri uwo murimo w’isarura ubwo yavugaga ati “ibyiringiro byacu ni iki, cyangwa ibyishimo, cyangwa ikamba ryo kwīrāta? Si mwebwe se, mu maso y’Umwami wacu Yesu, ubwo azaza [pa·rou·siʹa]?”—1 Abatesalonike 2:19.
Komeza Kuba Umuntu Utanduye Kandi Utarangwaho Umugayo
18. (a) Ni irihe sengesho rya Pawulo rifitanye isano na pa·rou·siʹa? (b) Ni iyihe mimerere y’umutima twese tugomba kugaragaza muri iki gihe, kandi mu buhe buryo?
18 Nanone Pawulo yasenze asaba ko abari kuba bariho mu gihe cy’ukuhaba kwa Kristo bakwezwa agira ati “Imana y’amahoro ibeze rwose: kandi mwebwe ubwanyu, n’umwuka wanyu, n’ubugingo, n’umubiri, byose birarindwe, bitazabaho umugayo ubwo Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo azaza [pa·rou·siʹa]” (1 Abatesalonike 5:23). Ni koko, muri iki gihe, twaba abo mu basigaye basizwe cyangwa abo mu mubare munini w’izindi ntama, umwuka wo gufatanya utuma twunga ubumwe mu budahemuka kugira ngo dukomeze kuba abantu baboneye tutariho umugayo muri iki gihe cyihariye. Nanone kandi, tugomba kugira umuco wo kwihangana. Yakobo yanditse agira ati “nuko bene Data, mwihangane mugeze aho Umwami Yesu azazira [pa·rou·siʹa]. . . . Mwikomeze imitima, kuko kuza [pa·rou·siʹa] k’Umwami Yesu kubegereye.”—Yakobo 5:7, 8.
19. Ni uwuhe muburo watanzwe na Petero ku bihereranye na pa·rou·siʹa, kandi ni gute twagombye kuwitabira?
19 Intumwa Petero na yo yari ifite icyo itubwira twe turiho muri iki gihe cya none. Yaduhaye umuburo w’uko hari kwaduka abakobanyi, ubu bakaba ari benshi cyane mu mpande zose z’isi. Petero yagize ati “mubanze kumenya iki, yuko mu minsi y’imperuka hazaza abakobanyi bakobana, bakurikiza irari ryabo, babaza bati ‘isezerano ryo kuza [pa·rou·siʹa] kwe riri he? Ko uhereye aho ba sogokuruza basinziriye, byose bihora uko byahoze, uhereye ku kuremwa kw’isi’ ” (2 Petero 3:3, 4). N’ubwo muri iki gihe cy’ukuhaba kwa Kristo hariho abakobanyi benshi cyane, ubwoko bwa Yehova burakomeza kumurika bumeze nk’umucyo w’isi, kugira ngo buheshe benshi agakiza.
Ibibazo by’Isubiramo
◻ Ni gute ubwoko bwa Yehova bwakomeje kugenda bumurikirwa gahoro gahoro ku bihereranye na pa·rou·siʹa?
◻ Ni gute ibyanditswe muri Matayo 24:4-8 byagiye bisohora?
◻ Ni gute abamarayika bagiye bafatanya na Kristo wimitswe?
◻ Ni ikihe gitangaza gikomeye gisa n’igiherekeza pa·rou·siʹa?
◻ Ni ibihe byishimo biboneka muri iki gihe, kandi ni bande babyifatanyamo?