Umwuka Wera—Imbaraga Rukozi z’Imana

DUKURIKIJE ihame ry’Ubutatu, umwuka wera ni umuperisona wa gatatu w’Ubutatu, ungana na Data [Imana] n’Umwana. Nk’uko igitabo cyitwa Our Orthodox Christian Faith kivuga, ngo “Umwuka wera ni Imana mu buryo bwuzuye.”

Mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo, ijambo rikunze gukoreshwa ku “mwuka” ni ruʹach, rishaka kuvuga ngo “guhumeka; umuyaga; umwuka.” Mu byanditswe bya Kigiriki, ijambo pneuʹma, rifite ubusobanuro nk’ubwo. Mbese ayo magambo yerekana ko umwuka wera ari igice cy’ubutatu?

Imbaraga Rukozi

UKO Bibiliya ivuga “umwuka wera” byerekana ko ari imbaraga zigenzurwa na Yehova Imana, kandi akoresha mu gusohoza imigambi ye itandukanye. Mu rugero runaka zishobora kugereranywa n’amashanyarazi, ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibikorwa binyuranye.

Mu Itangiriro 1:2, MN, Bibiliya ivuga ko “Imbaraga rukozi z’Imana [‘Umwuka’ (mu Giheburayo, ruʹach)] zagendagendaga hejuru y’amazi.” Ahangaha, umwuka w’Imana wari imbaraga rukozi ze yakoreshaga mu guha isi ishusho.

Imana ikoresha umwuka wayo mu kumurikira abayikorera. Dawidi yasenze agira ati “Unyigishe gukor’ iby’ushaka; kukw ari wowe Mana yanjye: [u]mwuka [ruʹach] wawe mwiz’ [u]nyobore mu gihugu cy’ikibaya” (Zaburi 143:10). Igihe abagabo 70 babishoboye bari bashyizweho kugira ngo bafashe Mose, Imana yaramubwiye iti “[ndibumanuke] nende ku Mwuka [ru’ach] ukuriho, mmubashyireho.”—Kubara 11:17.

Ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya bwanditswe n’abantu b’Imana “bashorewe n’[u]mwuka [w]era [mu Kigiriki, iryo jambo rukomoka kuri pneuʹma]” (2 Petero 1:20, 21). Uko ni ko Bibiliya ‘yahumetswe n’Imana,’ ari byo bivuga ngo The·oʹpneu·stos, mu Kigiriki, bikaba bisobanurwa ngo ‘ibihumetswe n’Imana’ (2 Timoteo 3:16). Kandi umwuka wera wayoboye abantu bamwe mu kubonekerwa cyangwa kugira inzozi zihereranye n’iby’ubuhanuzi.—2 Samweli 23:2; Yoeli 2:28, 29; Luka 1:67; Ibyakozwe 1:16; 2:32, 33.

Umwuka wera wateye Yesu kujya mu butayu nyuma y’umubatizo we (Mariko 1:12). Umwuka wari nk’umuriro mu bagaragu b’Imana, ubatera kugira imbaraga. Kandi wabashoboje kuvuga bashize amanga no kwihangana.—Mika 3:8; Ibyakozwe 7:55-60; 18:25; Abaroma 12:11; 1 Abatesalonike 5:19.

Imana ikoresha umwuka wayo mu gucira imanza abantu n’amahanga (Yesaya 30:27, 28; 59:18, 19). Kandi umwuka w’Imana ushobora kugera aho ari ho hose, ugirira abantu neza cyangwa nabi.—Zaburi 139:7-12.

“Imbaraga Zisumba Byose”

UMWUKA w’Imana ushobora nanone guha abayikorera “imbaraga zisumba byose” (2 Abakorinto 4:7). Ibyo bibashoboza kwihanganira ibigeragezo by’ukwizera cyangwa gukora ibintu batashoboraga gukora mu bundi buryo.

Urugero, nko ku bihereranye na Samusoni, mu Bacamanza 14:6 haragira hati “Maz’ umwuka w’Uwiteka [Yehova, MN] [u]muzaho cyane, arayitanyaguza [intare], . . . kandi nta ntwaro yar’afite mu ntoke.” Mbese mu by’ukuri ni umuperisona ugize Imana winjiye muri Samusoni cyangwa wamufashe, agakoresha umubiri we ibyo yakoze ibyo? Oya, mu by’ukuri ni “Imbaraga z’ Umwami zahaye Samusoni ingufu.”—Today’s English Version (TEV).

Bibiliya ivugako ubwo Yesu yabatijwe, umwuka wera wamumanukiyeho umeze nk’inuma, ntabwo wari mu ishusho y’umuntu (Mariko 1:10). Izo mbaraga rukozi z’Imana zabashishije Yesu gukiza abarwayi no kuzura abapfuye. Nk’uko muri Luka 5:17 habivuga, “imbaraga z’Umwami Imana zari muri we [Yesu] zo kubakiza.”

Umwuka w’Imana nanone wabashishije abigishwa ba Yesu gukora ibitangaza. Mu Byakozwe 2:1-4 havugako abigishwa bari bateraniye hamwe kuri Pentekote nuko “umuriri ubatungura uvuye mw ijuru, umeze nk’uw’umuyag’ uhuha cyane, . . . Bose buzuzw’ [u]mwuka [w]era, batangira kuvug’ izindi ndimi, nk’uk’ [u]mwuka [w]abahaye kuzivuga.”

Bityo umwuka wera wahaye Yesu n’abandi bagaragu b’Imana ububasha bwo gukora ibyo abantu batashoboraga gukora ubusanzwe.

Si Umuntu

ARIKO se, ntihari imirongo imwe ya Bibiliya ivuga iby’umwuka wera nk’aho ari umuntu? Ni byo, ariko zirikana ibi bikurikira, bivugwa n’umunyatewolojiya w’Umugatolika witwa Edmund Fortman, mu gitabo cye yise The Triune God aragira ati “N’ubwo uwo mwuka akenshi uvugwa nk’aho ari umuntu, biragaragara neza cyane ko abanditsi bera [b’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo] batigeze batekereza cyangwa berekanako uwo mwuka waba ari umuntu wihariye.”

Kuba ikintu gifatwa nk’umuntu mu Byanditswe, ibyo si igitangaza. Urugero, nk’ubwenge buvugwaho kuba bufite abana (Luka 7:35). Icyaha n’urupfu byitwa abami (Abaroma 5:14, 21). Mu Itangiriro 4:7, muri Bibiliya yitwa The New English Bible (NE) haragira hati “Icyaha ni daimoni yubikiriye ku rugi,” ivuga icyaha nk’aho ari ikiremwa cy’umwuka kibi cyubikiriye ku rugi rwa Kaini. Ariko birumvikanako icyaha atari ikiremwa cy’umwuka; kabone n’iyo cyagereranywa n’umuntu ibyo ntibyatuma gihinduka ikiremwa cy’umwuka.

Mu buryo buhuje n’ubwo, muri 1 Yohana 5:6-8 (NE) uretse umwuka gusa, ahubwo “amazi, n’amaraso” na byo bivugwaho kuba ari ‘abahamya.’ Ariko amazi n’amaraso birumvikanako atari abantu, nk’uko umwuka wera na wo atari umuntu.

Dukurije ibyo, turabonako muri rusange Bibiliya ikoresha ijambo “umwuka wera” mu buryo bw’ikintu kidafite kamere, nko kuwugereranya n’amazi n’umuriro (Matayo 3:11; Mariko 1:8). Abantu baterwa inkunga yo kuzura umwuka wera aho kuzura inzoga (Abefeso 5:18). Abantu bavugwaho kuba buzuzwa umwuka wera nk’uko buzuzuzwa n’indi mico nk’ubwenge, ukwizera, n’ibyishimo (Ibyakozwe 6:3; 11:24; 13:52). Na ho mu 2 Abakorinto 6:6, umwuka wera ushyirwa mu mubare w’indi mico. Iyo umwuka wera uza kuba ari umuntu koko, ntabwo izo mvugo ziba zarakoreshejwe cyane bigeze aho.

Ikindi kandi, mu gihe imirongo imwe ya Bibiliya igaragazako umwuka uvuga, indi mirongo yo yerekanako mu by’ukuri ibyo byakozwe binyuriye ku bantu cyangwa abamarayika (Matayo 10:19, 20; Ibyakozwe 4:24, 25; 28:25; Abaheburayo 2:2). Icyo gikorwa cy’umwuka, twakigereranya n’uburyo radio yohoreza ubutumwa bw’abantu bamwe ikabushyikiriza abandi bari mu turere twa kure.

Muri Matayo 28:19 havuga ibyerekeye “izina [ry’] . . . [u]mwuka [w]era.” Nyamara ariko ijambo “izina” ntabwo buri gihe ryerekezwa ku muntu gusa, haba mu Kigiriki, haba no mu Kinyarwanda. Iyo tuvuze tuti “mu izina ry’amategeko,” nta bwo tuba dushaka kuvuga umuntu runaka. Tuba tuvuga icyo amategeko ahagarariye, ni ukuvuga ububasha bwayo. Igitabo Word Pictures in the New Testament cyanditswe na Robertson kigira kiti “Ahangaha, ijambo izina (onoma) ryakunze gukoreshwa cyane muri Bibiliya yitwa la Septante no mu zindi za Bibiliya zanditswe mu mfunzo, kandi ryerekezwa ku mbaraga cyangwa ububasha.” Bityo rero, kubatizwa ‘mu izina ry’umwuka wera’ bishaka kuvuga kugandukira ububasha bw’umwuka uva ku Mana no gukora iby’Imana ishaka.

“[U]mufasha”

YESU yavuzeko umwuka wera ari “[u]mufasha,” kandi avugako uzigisha, ukayobora, kandi ukavuga (Yohana 14:16, 26; 16:13). Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo umufasha ni (pa·raʹkle·tos) kandi ryitirirwa igitsina gabo. Bityo igihe Yesu yavuze icyo umufasha azakora, yakoresheje insimburazina yerekeza ku gitsina gabo (Yohana 16:7, 8). Ku rundi ruhande, ijambo ry’Ikigiriki (pneuʹma), ryahinduwemo umwuka, nta gitsina ryerekejweho, ni yo mpamvu riherekezwa n’insimburazina y’Ikigiriki itagira igitsina yerekezwaho.

Abenshi mu bahinduzi bashyigikira Ubutatu bakomeje guhishahisha icyo kintu, nk’uko bigaragara muri bibiliya y’Abagatolika yitwa New American Bible ku byerekeye Yohana 14:17. Baragira bati “Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo ‘Umwuka’ ntirigira igitsina ryerekezwaho, kandi mu gihe twe dukoresha ikinyazina bwite (‘he,’ ‘his,’ ‘him’) mu Cyongereza, inyandiko z’umwimerere zanditswe n’intoki (MSS [manuscrits]) zo zikoresha ikinyazina bwite ‘it.’”

Ni yo mpamvu, iyo Bibiliya ikoresha ibinyazina byerekeye ku gitsina gabo mu mwanya w’ijambo pa·raʹkle·tos muri Yohana 16:7, 8, biba ari ugukurikiza amategeko y’ikibonezamvugo gusa, ntabwo iba ishaka kwigisha ihame runaka.

Ntabwo Ari Igice cy’Ubutatu

INYANDIKO zinyuranye zemerako Bibiliya idashyigikira igitekerezo cy’uko umwuka wera ari umuperisona wa gatatu w’Ubutatu. Urugero:

Igitabo cyitwa The Catholic Encyclopedia kivugako “Nta hantu na hamwe mu Isezerano rya Kera havuga mu buryo bweruye iby’Umuperisona wa Gatatu.”

Umunyatewolojiya w’Umugatolika witwa Fortman yagize ati “Abayahudi ntibigeze bafata umwuka nk’ umuntu; kandi nta gihamya kigaragazako haba hari umwanditsi n’umwe w’Isezerano rya Kera waba warigeze agira icyo gitekerezo . . . Buri gihe, umwuka wera werekanwa mu mavanjiri [synoptiques] no mu Byakozwe ko ari imbaraga cyangwa ububasha bw’Imana.”

Igitabo New Catholic Encyclopedia kivuga kiti “[I]sezerano rya K[era] ntirifata umwuka w’Imana nk’ umuntu . . . Umwuka w’Imana ni Ububasha bw’Imana gusa. Niba rimwe na rimwe werekanwa nk’aho utandukanye n’Imana, ni ukubera ko umwuka wa Yahweh ukorera hanze.” Icyo gitabo kivuga kandi kiti “Imirongo myinshi yo mu I[sezerano] R[ishya] yerekana ko umwuka w’Imana ari ikintu runaka, si umuntu runaka; ibyo bigaragarira mu buryo bw’ umwihariko iyo uroye isano umwuka ufitanye n’ububasha bw’Imana.”—Ni twe dushatse gutsindagiriza.

Igitabo cyitwa A Catholic Dictionary kiragira kiti “Muri rusange, mu Isezerano Rishya, kimwe n’Irya Kera, havugako umwuka ari imbaraga cyangwa ububasha by’Imana.”

Bityo rero, ari Abayahudi, ari n’Abakristo ba mbere ntibabonaga umwuka wera nk’igice cy’Ubutatu. Iyo nyigisho yavutse nyuma mu binyejana byakuriyeho. Dukurikije uko igitabo A Catholic Dictionary kibivuga, “Iby’umuperisona wa Gatatu byavuzwe muri Konsili yabere muri Alexandria mu wa 362 . . . hanyuma byongera kugarukwaho muri Konsili ya Konsitantinopule yo mu wa 381”—doreko hari hashize hafi ibinyejana bitatu n’igice abigishwa bujujwe umwuka wera kuri Pentekote!

Rwose, umwuka wera si umuperisona kandi si n’igice kimwe mu bigize Ubutatu. Umwuka wera ni imbaraga rukozi z’Imana ikoresha mu gusohoza ubushake bwayo. Ntabwo ungana n’Imana ahubwo ni igikoresho cyayo.

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 22]

“Muri rusange, mu Isezerano Rishya, kimwe n’Irya Kera, havugako umwuka ari imbaraga cyangwa ububasha by’Imana.”—A Catholic Dictionary

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 21]

Rimwe umwuka wera waje mu ishusho y’inuma. Ubundi waje uri nk’ ibirimi by’umuriro—ntiwigeze ufata ishusho y’umuntu