Luka umukozi ukundwa dufatanyije umurimo

ICYO gihe hari mu mwaka wa 65 i Roma. Luka yari azi neza ko kwerekana ku mugaragaro ko ari incuti y’intumwa Pawulo wari ugiye gucirwa urubanza azira ukwizera kwe, byari kumukururira akaga. Byaragaragaraga ko Pawulo yashoboraga gukatirwa urwo gupfa. Nyamara no muri icyo gihe kigoranye, Luka ni we wenyine wari kumwe n’iyo ntumwa.—2 Timoteyo 4:6, 11.

Abasomyi ba Bibiliya bamenyereye izina rya Luka kubera ko Ivanjiri yanditse yitirirwa izina rye. Luka yakoranye ingendo ndende na Pawulo waje kumwita “umuganga ukundwa” n’‘umukozi bafatanyije umurimo’ (Abakolosayi 4:14; Filemoni 24). Ibyanditswe bivuga ibintu bike ku birebana na Luka. Izina rye rigaragara incuro eshatu gusa mu Byanditswe. Icyakora, gusuzuma icyo ubushakashatsi bugaragaza kuri Luka, byatuma wunga mu rya Pawulo washimagije uwo Mukristo w’indahemuka.

Yari umwanditsi wa Bibiliya n’umumisiyonari

Kuba Ivanjiri ya Luka n’igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa byarandikiwe Tewofili, bigaragaza ko ibyo bitabo byombi byanditswe na Luka (Luka 1:3; Ibyakozwe 1:1). Luka ntiyigera avuga ko yiboneye n’amaso ibyabaye mu murimo wa Yesu Kristo. Ahubwo avuga ko ibyo yamenye kuri Yesu yabibwiwe n’ababyiboneye ubwabo, kandi ko ‘yabyanditse uko bikurikirana neza’ (Luka 1:1-3). Ku bw’ibyo, birashoboka ko Luka yabaye umwigishwa wa Kristo nyuma ya Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33.

Hari abakeka ko Luka yakomokaga muri Antiyokiya ya Siriya. Bavuga ko igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe gitanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku bintu byaberaga muri uwo mugi. Kivuga kandi umwe mu bantu barindwi “bemewe” kivuga ko yari uwo “muri Antiyokiya wari warahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi,” mu gihe imigi abandi bantu batandatu bakomokagamo yo itavuzwe. Birumvikana ko tutakwemeza ko ibyo bigaragaza mu buryo budasubirwaho ko Antiyokiya ari wo mugi Luka yavukagamo.—Ibyakozwe 6:3-6.

Nubwo izina rya Luka ntaho riboneka mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe, mu mirongo imwe n’imwe uwo mwanditsi yakoresheje inshinga zitondaguye mu buryo bugaragaza ko yari mu bagize uruhare mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe bivugwa muri icyo gitabo. Iyo Luka agaragaza inzira Pawulo na bagenzi be banyuzemo bajya muri Aziya Ntoya, agira ati “nuko banyura iruhande rw’i Misiya, baramanuka bajya i Tirowa.” I Tirowa ni ho Pawulo yabonye mu iyerekwa umugabo w’Umunyamakedoniya amwinginga agira ati “ambuka uze i Makedoniya udufashe.” Luka yongeraho ati “akimara kubona iryo yerekwa, dushaka kujya i Makedoniya” (Ibyakozwe 16:8-10). Kuba mbere yari yavuze ngo “banyura,” ubundi akavuga ngo “dushaka kujya,” byumvikanisha ko Luka yaje gusanga abari bafatanyije urugendo na Pawulo i Tirowa. Hanyuma Luka yavuze ibyerekeye umurimo wo kubwiriza i Filipi akoresheje amagambo agaragaza ko na we yawifatanyijemo. Yaranditse ati “ku munsi w’isabato tujya hanze y’amarembo iruhande rw’umugezi, aho twatekerezaga ko twari kubona ahantu ho gusengera; nuko turicara dutangira kuvugana n’abagore bari bahateraniye.” Ibyo byatumye Lidiya n’abo mu rugo rwe bemera ubutumwa bwiza kandi barabatizwa.—Ibyakozwe 16:11-15.

Bageze i Filipi aho Pawulo yakirije umuja waraguraga abitewe na ‘dayimoni,’ bararwanyijwe. Igihe ba shebuja babonaga ko uburyo bwabo bwo kubona inyungu buyoyotse, bafashe Pawulo na Silasi barabakubita kandi babashyira mu nzu y’imbohe. Uko bigaragara Luka we ashobora kuba atarafashwe, kubera ko avuga inkuru y’abo bagenzi be atishyiramo. Bamaze kurekurwa, ‘[Pawulo na Silasi] bateye inkunga abavandimwe hanyuma baragenda.’ Luka yongera kuvuga inkuru yishyiramo igihe Pawulo yasubiraga i Filipi nyuma yaho (Ibyakozwe 16:16-40; 20:5, 6). Wenda Luka yari yarasigaye i Filipi kugira ngo agenzure umurimo wahakorerwaga.

Akusanya ibyo yanditse

Ibyo Luka yanditse mu Ivanjiri ye n’igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe yabikuye he? Ibice by’igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe aho Luka yivugamo, bigaragaza ko yaherekeje Pawulo kuva i Filipi ukagera i Yerusalemu, aho iyo ntumwa yongeye gufatirwa. Muri urwo rugendo, Pawulo n’abo bari kumwe bashobora kuba baramaze igihe runaka bari kumwe na Filipo wari umubwirizabutumwa i Kayisariya (Ibyakozwe 20:6; 21:1-17). Luka ashobora kuba yarakusanyije inkuru ivuga ibirebana n’umurimo abamisiyonari bakoreye bwa mbere i Samariya abibwiwe na Filipo, wari warafashe iya mbere mu kubwiriza muri ako gace (Ibyakozwe 8:4-25). Ariko se ni he handi Luka yaba yarakuye ibyo yanditse?

Imyaka ibiri Pawulo yamaze mu nzu y’imbohe i Kayisariya, ishobora kuba yaratumye Luka abona uburyo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi ku nkuru yaje kwandika mu Ivanjiri. Ikindi kandi, i Yerusalemu aho yashoboraga gukura inkuru zivuga iby’igisekuru cya Yesu ntihari kure. Hari ibintu byinshi byabaye mu mibereho ya Yesu n’umurimo we Luka yanditse, biboneka mu Ivanjiri ye gusa. Hari intiti imwe yavuze ko inkuru nk’izo ziboneka mu Ivanjiri ya Luka gusa, zigera kuri 82.

Birashoboka ko Luka yamenye ibihereranye n’ivuka rya Yohana abibwiwe na Elizabeti, nyina wa Yohana Umubatiza. Naho ibintu birambuye ku birebana n’ivuka rya Yesu hamwe n’ibyiruka rye, ashobora kuba yarabibwiwe na Mariya nyina wa Yesu (Luka 1:5-80). Ibirebana n’ibitangaza byo gufata amafi, wenda yabibwiwe na Petero, Yakobo na Yohana (Luka 5:4-10). Mu Ivanjiri ya Luka ni ho honyine dusanga inkuru zivuga ibirebana n’imwe mu migani Yesu yaciye, urugero nk’umugani uvuga iby’Umusamariya mwiza, uvuga ibyo kwinjira mu muryango ufunganye, uvuga iby’igiceri cy’idarakama, uw’umwana w’ikirara ndetse n’uw’umugabo w’umukire na Lazaro.—Luka 10:29-37; 13:23, 24; 15:8-32; 16:19-31.

Luka yitaga ku bantu cyane. Yanditse inkuru ivuga iby’igitambo cyo kwiyeza Mariya yatanze, ivuga iby’umuzuko w’umuhungu w’umupfakazi, n’inkuru y’umugore wasize ibirenge bya Yesu amavuta. Luka wenyine ni we wanditse inkuru zivuga iby’abagore bakoreye Kristo, n’inkuru ivuga ukuntu Mariya na Marita bakiriye Yesu iwabo. Ivanjiri ya Luka ivuga inkuru y’umugore wari warahetamye adashobora kunamuka, iy’umugabo wari urwaye urushwima ndetse n’inkuru ivuga ukuntu Yesu yakijije abantu icumi bari barwaye ibibembe. Luka anatubwira inkuru ivuga ibya Zakayo wari mugufi, wuriye igiti kugira ngo arebe Yesu, kandi yanditse inkuru ivuga ukuntu umugizi wa nabi wari umanikanywe na Yesu yagaragaje umutima wihana.—Luka 2:24; 7:11-17, 36-50; 8:2, 3; 10:38-42; 13:10-17; 14:1-6; 17:11-19; 19:1-10; 23:39-43.

Birashishikaje kumva uburyo Ivanjiri ya Luka ivuga ibyo komora ibikomere by’umuntu uvugwa mu mugani wa Yesu uvuga iby’Umusamariya mwiza. Uko bigaragara, Luka yavuze uko uwo muntu yahawe ubufasha nk’uko abaganga babigenzaga. Muri ubwo bufasha yahawe, harimo kumwomoza vino, kumusiga amavuta agabanya ububabare no kumupfuka.—Luka 10:30-37.

Yitaye ku mfungwa

Luka yari ahangayikiye intumwa Pawulo. Igihe Pawulo yari afungiye i Kayisariya, umutware w’Umuroma witwaga Feligisi yategetse ko ‘hatagira n’umwe mu bantu ba Pawulo ubuzwa kumukorera’ (Ibyakozwe 24:23). Luka ashobora kuba yari umwe mu bari bashinzwe gukorera Pawulo. Kubera ko atari ko buri gihe Pawulo yabaga afite amagara mazima, kumwitaho bishobora kuba byari bimwe mu bintu uwo ‘muganga ukundwa’ yamukoreraga.—Abakolosayi 4:14; Abagalatiya 4:13.

Igihe Pawulo yajuririraga Kayisari, Umutware w’Umuroma witwaga Fesito yohereje iyo ntumwa i Roma. Luka yakomeje guherekeza iyo mfungwa mu budahemuka igihe bakoraga urugendo rurerure berekeza mu Butaliyani, ndetse yandika mu buryo burambuye kandi bwumvikana inkuru y’ukuntu ubwato bari barimo bwarohamye (Ibyakozwe 24:27; 25:9-12; 27:1, 9-44). Igihe Pawulo yari mu nzu yari acumbitsemo i Roma afunzwe, yarahumekewe yandika amabaruwa menshi, kandi abiri muri yo yavuzemo Luka (Ibyakozwe 28:30; Abakolosayi 4:14; Filemoni 24). Birashoboka ko ari muri icyo gihe cy’imyaka ibiri Luka yanditsemo igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa.

Pawulo ari i Roma agomba kuba yari afite byinshi byo gukora mu murimo w’Imana. Aho ngaho Luka ashobora kuba yarahaboneye umwanya wo kugirana imishyikirano na bamwe muri bagenzi ba Pawulo, urugero nka Tukiko, Arisitariko, Mariko, Yusito, Epafura na Onesimo.—Abakolosayi 4:7-14.

Igihe Pawulo yafungwaga bwa kabiri, ari bwo yumvaga urupfu rwe rwegereje, Luka wari indahemuka akaba n’intwari, yagumanye na we, nubwo abandi bari baramusize. Luka ashobora kuba yarahagumye nubwo byashoboraga gutuma avutswa umudendezo we. Kubera ko Luka ashobora kuba ari we wari umwanditsi wa Pawulo, birashoboka ko ari we Pawulo yakoresheje mu kwandika amagambo agira ati “Luka wenyine ni we turi kumwe.” Dukurikije inkuru zo muri rubanda, nyuma gato y’icyo gihe Pawulo ashobora kuba yaraciwe umutwe.—2 Timoteyo 4:6-8, 11, 16.

Luka yari umuntu wigomwaga kandi wicishaga bugufi. Ntiyigeze arata ubumenyi bwe cyangwa ngo ashake kuba icyamamare imbere y’abantu. Koko rero, yashoboraga gukurikirana umwuga we w’ubuganga, ariko yahisemo guteza imbere inyungu z’Ubwami. Kimwe na Luka, nimucyo dutangaze ubutumwa bwiza mu buryo buzira ubwikunde kandi duharanire guhesha Yehova ikuzo twicishije bugufi.—Luka 12:31.

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 19]

TEWOFILI YARI MUNTU KI?

Ivanjiri Luka yanditse hamwe n’igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa yabyoherereje Tewofili. Mu Ivanjiri ya Luka uwo mugabo amwita “nyakubahwa Tewofili” (Luka 1:3). Iryo jambo “nyakubahwa” ryakoreshwaga ku bantu bakomeye b’abakire n’abo mu nzego zo hejuru z’ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma. Intumwa Pawulo yakoresheje iryo jambo igihe yavuganaga n’umutware w’Umuroma wategekaga Yudaya witwaga Fesito.—Ibyakozwe 26:25.

Biragaragara ko Tewofili yari yarumvise ubutumwa bwa Yesu bukamushishikaza. Luka yari yiringiye ko Ivanjiri ye yari gutuma Tewofili ‘amenya neza adashidikanya ko ibyo yigishijwe ari ukuri.’—Luka 1:4.

Dukurikije intiti y’Umugiriki yitwa Richard Lenski, birashoboka ko Tewofili yari atarizera igihe Luka yamwitaga “nyakubahwa,” kuko “mu nyandiko zose za gikristo, . . . nta muvandimwe w’Umukristo bahamagaraga bakoresheje ayo magambo y’icyubahiro akoreshwa mu isi, agamije gusumbanya abantu.” Nyuma yaho, igihe Luka yandikaga igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa, ntiyakoresheje ijambo “nyakubahwa,” ahubwo yaranditse gusa ati “Tewofili we” (Ibyakozwe 1:1). Lenski asoza agira ati “igihe Luka yohererezaga Tewofili Ivanjiri ye, uwo mugabo w’umunyacyubahiro ashobora kuba yari ataraba Umukristo ariko akaba yari ashimishijwe cyane n’inyigisho z’Ubukristo. Nyamara igihe Luka yamwohererezaga igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa, Tewofili yari yarahindutse Umukristo.”