Irinde Abigisha b’Ibinyoma!

“Muri mwe hazabaho abigisha b’ibinyoma.”​—2 PETERO 2:1.

 1. Yuda yashakaga kwandika ibyerekeye iki, kandi se, kuki yahinduye iyo ngingo maze akerekeza ku bindi?

MBEGA ikintu gitangaje! Abigisha b’ibinyoma mu itorero rya Gikristo ryo mu kinyejana cya mbere (Matayo 7:15; Ibyakozwe 20:29, 30)! Yuda, mwene nyina wa Yesu, yari azi ko ibyo bintu byari kuzabaho. Yavuze ko yashakaga kwandikira bagenzi be bahuje ukwizera “iby’agakiza dusangiye,” ariko asobanura agira ati “niyumvisemo ko mpaswe no kubahugura, kugira ngo mushishikarire kurwanira ibyo kwizera.” Kuki Yuda yahinduye ingingo yagombaga kwandika? Yavuze ko byatewe n’uko ‘hariho bamwe bari baraseseye [mu matorero] rwihishwa bahindura ubuntu bw’Imana isoni nke.’​—Yuda 3, 4.

 2. Kuki ibivugwa muri 2 Petero igice cya 2 bihuza cyane n’ibikubiye muri Yuda?

² Uko bigaragara, Yuda yanditse urwandiko rwe nyuma gato y’uko Petero yandika urwandiko rwe rwa kabiri. Nta gushidikanya ko Yuda yari azi neza ibyari bikubiye muri urwo rwandiko. Nta gushidikanya kandi ko mu rwandiko rwe rwateraga inkunga rwari rufite imbaraga, yavuzemo ibitekerezo byinshi bihuje n’ibyari bikubiye mu rwandiko rwa Petero. Ku bw’ibyo rero, mu gihe dusuzuma 2 Petero, igice cya 2, turi bubone ukuntu ibikubiyemo bisa n’ibikubiye mu rwandiko rwa Yuda.

Ingaruka z’Inyigisho z’Ibinyoma

 3. Ni iki cyabayeho mu gihe cyahise, Petero yavuze ko cyari kuzongera kubaho?

³ Nyuma y’uko Petero atera abavandimwe be inkunga yo kwita ku buhanuzi, yaravuze ati “ariko nk’uko hariho abahanuzi b’ibinyoma badutse [muri Isirayeli ya kera], ni ko no muri mwe hazabaho abigisha b’ibinyoma” (2 Petero 1:14–2:1). Ubwoko bw’Imana bwo mu bihe bya kera, bwari bwarahawe ubuhanuzi bw’ukuri, ariko kandi, bwagombaga no guhangana n’inyigisho ziyobya z’abahanuzi b’ibinyoma (Yeremiya 6:13, 14; 28:1-3, 15). Yeremiya yanditse agira ati “ku bahanuzi b’i Yerusalemu nababonyeho ibibi bishishana; barasambana, bagendera mu binyoma.”​—Yeremiya 23:14.

 4. Kuki abigisha b’ibinyoma bakwiriye kurimbuka?

⁴ Mu gusobanura ibyo abigisha b’ibinyoma bari kuzakora mu itorero rya Gikristo, Petero yagize ati “bazazana rwihereranwa inyigisho zirema ibice, zitera kurimbuka: ndetse bazihakana na Shebuja [Yesu Kristo] wabacunguye, bizanire kurimbuka gutebutse” (2 Petero 2:1; Yuda 4). Ingaruka ya nyuma y’uko kwirema ibice ko mu kinyejana cya mbere, ni Kristendomu nk’uko tuyizi muri iki gihe. Petero agaragaza impamvu abigisha b’ibinyoma bakwiriye kurimbuka mu rugero rwuzuye, agira ati “ingeso zabo z’isoni nke benshi bazazikurikiza, batukishe inzira y’ukuri.”​—2 Petero 2:2.

 5. Ni iki cyari kubaho gitewe n’abigisha b’ibinyoma?

⁵ Tekereza gato! Koshywa n’abigisha b’ibinyoma, byari gutuma benshi mu matorero bagira imyifatire y’isoni nke. Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo “isoni nke,” ryumvikanamo kwirekura, kutagira rutangira, imyifatire igayitse, imyifatire y’akahebwe n’imyifatire iteye isoni. Mbere y’aho, Petero yari yavuze ko Abakristo bari baramaze “guhunga no gukira kononekara kwazanywe mu isi no kwifuza” (2 Petero 1:4). Ariko kandi, hari bamwe na bamwe bari bagiye gusubira muri uko kononekara, kandi abigisha b’ibinyoma bari mu matorero, ni bo ahanini bari kubitera! Bityo rero, inzira y’ukuri yari gushyirwaho umugayo. Mbega ukuntu bibabaje! Nta gushidikanya, ibyo ni ibintu Abahamya ba Yehova bose bagomba kwitondera cyane muri iki gihe. Ntitugomba kuzigera na rimwe twibagirwa ko, binyuriye ku myifatire yacu, dushobora gusingiza Yehova Imana n’ubwoko bwe, cyangwa tukaba twabashyiraho umugayo.​—Imigani 27:11; Abaroma 2:24.

Gucengeza Inyigisho z’Ibinyoma

 6. Ni iki gitera umwete abigisha b’ibinyoma, kandi se, ni gute bashakisha uburyo bwo kugera ku byo bifuza?

⁶ Mu buryo burangwa n’ubwenge, tuzirikana ukuntu abigisha b’ibinyoma bacengeza imitekerereze yabo yononekaye. Mbere na mbere, Petero avuga ko babikora rwihereranwa, cyangwa mu buryo bufifitse, bw’amayeri. Yongeraho ati “irari ryabo rizabatera gushaka indamu kuri mwe, bababwiye amagambo y’amahimbano.” Abigisha b’ibinyoma, basunikwa n’irari rirangwa n’ubwikunde, nk’uko bitsindagirizwa n’ukuntu ayo magambo ahindurwa muri Bibiliya yitwa The Jerusalem Bible, ngo “bazagerageza kubagura babishishikariye, bakoresheje ubucakura.” Mu buryo nk’ubwo, aha, ubuhinduzi bwa James Moffatt bugira buti “mu irari ryabo, bazabashakamo indamu bakoresheje ibitekerezo by’amayeri” (2 Petero 2:1, 3). Amagambo y’abigisha b’ibinyoma, ashobora gusa n’aho ahwitse ku muntu utari maso mu buryo bw’umwuka, ariko kandi amagambo yabo yagenewe mu buryo bwitondewe “kugura” abantu, akabahindura mu buryo bw’amayeri ibikoresho byo guteza imbere intego zirangwa n’ubwikunde z’ababayobya.

 7. Ni iyihe filozofiya yogeye mu kinyejana cya mbere?

⁷ Nta gushidikanya ko abigisha b’ibinyoma bo mu kinyejana cya mbere, bari barashutswe n’imitekerereze y’isi yari iriho muri icyo gihe. Ahagana mu gihe Petero yandikaga urwandiko rwe, filozofiya yitwaga gnosticisme yagendaga yogera hose. Abayoboke b’iyo filozofiya, bizeraga ko ibintu byose by’umubiri ari bibi, kandi ko ibintu byiza ari ibifitanye isano n’iby’umwuka gusa. Ni yo mpamvu bamwe muri bo, bavugaga ko icyo umuntu akoresha umubiri we cyose ari nta cyo kivuze. Amaherezo baje kwemeza ko umuntu atari akwiriye kugira uwo mubiri. Ku bw’ibyo, bafashe umwanzuro w’uko ibyaha birebana n’umubiri​—hakubiyemo n’ibihereranye n’ibitsina​—atari iby’ingenzi. Uko bigaragara, iyo mitekerereze yatangiye kugira ingaruka ku bantu bamwe na bamwe biyitaga Abakristo.

8, 9. (a) Ni ibihe bitekerezo bigoretse byagize ingaruka ku Bakristo bamwe na bamwe ba mbere? (b) Dukurikije uko Yuda abivuga, ni iki bamwe na bamwe mu matorero bakoraga?

⁸ Intiti imwe mu byerekeye Bibiliya, yavuze ko “mu Itorero harimo abantu bagorekaga inyigisho ihereranye n’igikundiro umuntu yahawe cyo kwemerwa n’Imana atari abikwiriye,” cyangwa “ubuntu [yagiriwe]” (Abefeso 1:5-7). Dukurikije uko ibivuga, ibitekerezo bya bamwe byari biteye bitya: “mbese, uvuga ko [ubuntu] bw’Imana ari bwinshi cyane ku buryo bushobora gutwikira buri cyaha cyose? . . . Niba ari ko biri rero, reka twikomereze gukora ibyaha, kubera ko [ubuntu] bw’Imana bushobora guhanagura buri cyaha cyose. Koko rero, uko tugenda turushaho gukora ibyaha, ni na ko [ubuntu] bw’Imana burushaho kubona uburyo bwo kugira icyo bukora.” Mbese, waba warigeze kumva ibindi bitekerezo bigoretse kurusha ibyo?

⁹ Intumwa Pawulo yarwanyije imitekerereze mibi ku byerekeye imbabazi z’Imana, ubwo yabazaga iti “tugumye gukora ibyaha ngo ubuntu busage?” Nanone kandi, yarabajije ati “mbese dukore ibyaha, kuko tudatwarwa n’amategeko, ahubwo dutwarwa n’ubuntu?” Kuri buri kibazo, Pawulo yasubizaga atsindagiriza ati “ntibikabeho!” (Abaroma 6:1, 2, 15). Uko bigaragara, nk’uko Yuda yabivuze, hari bamwe ‘bahinduraga ubuntu bw’Imana yacu isoni nke.’ Icyakora, Petero avuga ko abantu nk’abo, ‘kurimbuka kwabo kudahunikira.’​—Yuda 4; 2 Petero 2:3.

Ingero z’Umuburo

10, 11. Ni izihe ngero eshatu z’umuburo zitangwa na Petero?

¹⁰ Mu gutsindagiriza ko Imana izahagurukira abakora ibibi ku bushake, Petero atanga ingero eshatu z’umuburo azivanye mu Byanditswe. Ubwa mbere, yanditse agira ati ‘Imana ntiyababariye abamarayika bakoze icyaha.’ Yuda avuga ko abo ‘batarinze ubutware bwabo, [ko] ahubwo baretse ubuturo bwabo’ bwo mu ijuru. Baje ku isi mbere y’Umwuzure, maze biyambika imibiri ya kimuntu, kugira ngo bagirane imibonano y’ibitsina n’abakobwa b’abantu. Kubera iyo myifatire yabo idakwiriye, kandi idahuje na kamere, bahawe igihano cyo kujugunywa mu “mworera, [“Tarutare,” NW],” cyangwa nk’uko inkuru ya Yuda ibivuga, “[barindiwe] mu minyururu idashira no mu mwijima w’icuraburindi, kugira ngo bacirwe ho iteka ku munsi ukomeye.”​—2 Petero 2:4; Yuda 6; Itangiriro 6:1-3.

¹¹ Nyuma y’ibyo, Petero yerekeza ku bantu bo mu gihe cya Nowa (Itangiriro 7:17-24). Avuga ko mu gihe cya Nowa, Imana “itababariye isi ya kera . . . ubwo yatezaga isi y’abatubaha Imana umwuzure.” Hanyuma, Petero yanditse avuga ko Imana ‘yashyizeho akabarore k’abazagenda batubaha Imana, [itwika] imidugudu y’i Sodomu n’i Gomora, ikayigira ivu.’ Yuda atanga ibisobanuro by’inyongera, avuga ko abo bantu, ‘bari barihaye ubusambanyi, no kwendana mu buryo imibiri itaremewe’ (2 Petero 2:5, 6; Yuda 7). Nta bwo abagabo bagiranaga n’abagore imibonano y’ibitsina y’akahebwe byonyine, ahubwo banararikiraga imibiri y’abagabo bagenzi babo, ndetse birashoboka ko banararikiraga imibiri y’inyamaswa.​—Itangiriro 19:4, 5; Abalewi 18:22-25.

12. Dukurikije uko Petero yabivuze, ni gute imyifatire yo gukiranuka igororerwa?

¹² Hagati aho kandi, Petero avuga ko Yehova agororera abamukorera ari abizerwa. Urugero, avuga ukuntu Imana ‘yarokoranye Nowa, umubwiriza wo gukiranuka, n’abandi barindwi,’ ubwo yatezaga Umwuzure. Nanone kandi, avuga ukuntu Yehova yacunguye “Loti, umukiranutsi” mu gihe cy[’irimbuka rya] Sodomu, afata umwanzuro avuga ko “Umwami Imana izi gukiza abayubaha ibibagerageza, no kurindira abakiranirwa kugeza ku munsi w’amateka, ngo bahanwe.”​—2 Petero 2:5, 7-9.

Ibikorwa Bikwiriye Guhanirwa

13. Ni ba nde cyane cyane barindiwe kuzacirwaho iteka, kandi se uko bigaragara, ni mu zihe nzozi birundumuriramo?

¹³ Petero agaragaza neza abarindiwe gucirwaho iteka n’Imana mu buryo bwihariye, ni ukuvuga “abagenda bakurikiza kamere, bamazwe no kurarikira ibyonona, bagasuzugura gutegekwa.” Dushobora gusa n’abiyumvisha uburakari bwa Petero mu gihe agira ati “ni abantu bahangāra, nta cyo batinya; ni ibyigenge, ntibatinya no gutuka abanyacyubahiro.” Yuda yandika avuga ko “ba bandi b’abarosi bonona imibiri yabo . . . bagatuka abanyacyubahiro” (2 Petero 2:10; Yuda 8). Inzozi zabo zishobora kuba zikubiyemo ibintu byanduye bisa no kurota bihereranye n’ibitsina, bibatera inkunga yo kwirundumurira mu bwiyandarike bushingiye ku kwinezeza mu birebana n’ibitsina. None se, ni mu buhe buryo “basuzugura gutegekwa,” kandi “bagatuka abanyacyubahiro”?

14. Ni mu buhe buryo abigisha b’ibinyoma “basuzugura gutegekwa,” kandi ‘bagatuka abanyacyubahiro’?

¹⁴ Babikora mu buryo bw’uko basuzugura ubutware bwashyizweho n’Imana. Abasaza b’Abakristo, bahagarariye Yehova Imana nyir’ikuzo, hamwe n’Umwana we; ku bw’ibyo, bakaba barahawe ikuzo mu rugero runaka. Ni iby’ukuri ko bakora amakosa, nk’uko na Petero ubwe yayakoraga, ariko Ibyanditswe bitera abagize itorero inkunga yo kugandukira abo banyacyubahiro (Abaheburayo 13:17). Intege nke zabo, ntiziduha urwitwazo rwo kubatuka. Petero yavuze ko abamarayika ‘badahangara kurega [abigisha b’ibinyoma] babatuka,’ n’ubwo byari bikwiriye rwose. Petero akomeza agira ati ‘ariko izo nyamaswabantu zimeze nk’inyamaswa zitagira ubwenge koko, zaremewe gutegwa no kwicwa, batuka ibyo batazi: amaherezo bazarimbuka.’​—2 Petero 2:10-13.

“Bagisangira Namwe Ibyiza”

15. Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa n’abigisha b’ibinyoma, kandi se, ni hehe berekeza amoshya yabo?

¹⁵ N’ubwo abo bantu bononekaye “bakunda kwidamararira ku manywa,” kandi bakaba ari “ibizinga n’inenge,” baranariganya. Bakora ibintu mu buryo bwa “rwihereranwa,” bakoresha “amagambo y’amahimbano,” nk’uko Petero yigeze kubivuga (2 Petero 2:1, 3, 13). Bityo rero, bashobora kutarwanya ku mugaragaro imihati abasaza bagira bagerageza gushyigikira amahame mbwirizamuco y’Imana, cyangwa se ngo babe bakwinezeza mu bihereranye n’ibitsina ku mugaragaro. Ahubwo, Petero yavuze ko birundumurira mu byo ‘kwishimira ibihendo byabo bagisangira namwe ibyiza.’ Kandi Yuda yanditse agira ati “abo ni intaza mu isangira ryanyu ryo gukundana” (Yuda 12). Ni koko, nk’uko ibitare bishinyitse biri mu mazi bishobora gusatura indiba y’ubwato, bityo bikaba byatuma abasare b’indangare barohama, ni na ko abigisha b’ibinyoma bononaga indangare, bazishyeshyengesha kuzigaragariza urukundo babigiranye uburyarya, mu ‘isangira ryo gukundana.’

16. (a) ‘Isangira ryo gukundana’ ryari iki, kandi se, ni mu yihe mimerere isa n’iyo abantu biyandarika bashobora gukoreramo muri iki gihe? (b) Ni ba nde bibasirwa n’abigisha b’ibinyoma, bityo rero, bene abo bakaba bagomba gukora iki?

¹⁶ Uko bigaragara, iryo “sangira ryo gukundana” ryari umwanya w’imyidagaduro mbonezamubano, mu gihe Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bahuriraga hamwe, kugira ngo basangire ibyo kurya, kandi banashyikirane ibi bya gicuti. Rimwe na rimwe muri iki gihe, Abahamya ba Yehova na bo bahurira hamwe mu rwego rw’imyidagaduro mbonezamubano, wenda nko mu gihe habayeho ibirori by’ubukwe, mu gihe cyo gutembera, cyangwa mu myidagaduro mbonezamubano ya nimugoroba. Ni gute muri ibyo bihe, abantu bononekaye bashobora kuboneraho umwanya wo kugira abo bashuka? Petero yanditse agira ati “amaso yabo yuzuye ubusambanyi . . . bashukashuka ab’imitima idakomeye.” “Imitima [yabo] yamenyerejwe kurarikira ibibi,” bayerekeza ku bantu badakomeye mu buryo bw’umwuka, bananiwe kugendera mu kuri mu buryo bwuzuye. Bityo rero, bonera umuburo mbere y’igihe ku byabaye mu gihe cya Petero, kandi urabe maso! Nanira amareshyamugeni ayo ari yo yose yanduye, kandi ntushukwe n’ubwiza cyangwa uburanga bw’umuntu wakoshya gukora ibintu by’ubwiyandarike!​—2 Petero 2:14.

“Inzira ya Balāmu”

17. “Inzira ya Balamu” yari iki, kandi se, ni gute yagize ingaruka ku Bisirayeli bagera ku 24.000?

¹⁷ Abo bantu ‘bavumwe,’ baba bamaze igihe runaka baramenye ukuri. Bashobora kuba bagaragara ko bakirangwa n’ibikorwa mu itorero. Ariko kandi, Petero agira ati “baretse inzira igororotse, barayoba, bakurikiza inzira ya Balāmu, mwene Bewori, wakunze ibiguzi byo gukiranirwa” (2 Petero 2:14, 15). Inzira y’umuhanuzi Balamu, yari igikorwa cyo kugira abantu inama, aboshyoshya kujya mu nzira y’ubwiyandarike, agamije kwibonera indamu za bwite. Yabwiye Balaki, Umwami w’i Mowabu, ko Imana yari kuvuma Isirayeli, mu gihe abantu bari kuba bohejwe maze bagasambana. Ingaruka yabaye iy’uko, abenshi mu bwoko bw’Imana bohejwe n’Abamowabukazi, maze abagera ku 24.000 bakicwa bazize imyifatire yabo y’ubwiyandarike.​—Kubara 25:1-9; 31:15, 16; Ibyahishuwe 2:14.

18. Ni gute Balamu yanze kuva ku izima, kandi se, ingaruka zigaragaza iki ku bihereranye n’abigisha b’ibinyoma?

¹⁸ Petero avuga ko Balamu yakumiriwe ubwo indogobe ye yamuvugishaga, nyamara kandi, Balamu ‘yakundaga [cyane] ibiguzi byo gukiranirwa,’ ku buryo ataretse ‘ibisazi bye,’ ndetse no mu gihe ibyo byabaga (2 Petero 2:15, 16). Mbega ubugome! Umuntu wese umeze nka Balamu, ugerageza konona ubwoko bw’Imana abwoshya gukora ibintu by’ubwiyandarike, azabona ishyano! Balamu yapfuye azize ububi bwe, ibyo bikaba ari urugero rw’ibizaba ku bantu bose bakurikira inzira ye.​—Kubara 31:8.

Amareshyo Yabo ya Kidayimoni

19, 20. (a) Abantu bameze nka Balamu bagereranywa n’iki, kandi kuki? (b) Bashuka ba nde, kandi mu buhe buryo? (c) Kuki dushobora kuvuga ko amoshya yabo ari aya kidayimoni, kandi se, ni gute dushobora kubirinda tukanabarinda abandi?

¹⁹ Mu kuvuga ibihereranye n’abameze nka Balamu, Petero yanditse agira ati “abo ni amasōko [cyangwa amariba] akamye, kandi ni ibihu [cyangwa ibicu] bijyanwa n’inkubi y’umuyaga.” Umuntu ufite inyota uri mu rugendo mu butayu, kuri we iriba ryakamye rishobora kuba ari urupfu. Ntibitangaje rero kuba abagereranywa n’ibyo bintu, “barindiwe umwijima w’icuraburindi”! Petero akomeza agira ati “kuko bavuga amagambo akakaje yo kwihimbaza, bashukashuka abari mu ihunga ryo guhunga abagenda bayobye, babashukashukisha irari ry’umubiri n’imigenzo y’isoni nke.” Petero avuga ko bashuka abataraba inararibonye “babasezeranya umudendezo, nyamara ubwabo ari imbata z’ibiboze.”​—2 Petero 2:17-19; Abagalatiya 5:13.

²⁰ Amoshya y’abo bigisha bononekaye, ni aya kidayimoni. Urugero, bashobora kuvuga bati ‘Imana izi ko turi abanyantege nke kandi ko tubangukirwa no kugira irari. Bityo rero, nituramuka twirekuye maze tugahaza irari ryacu ry’ibitsina, Imana izatubabarira. Nitwicuza icyaha cyacu, izatubabarira nk’uko yatubabariye igihe twatangiraga kugendera mu kuri.’ Wibuke ko Umwanzi yakoresheje uburyo bujya gusa n’ubwo ubwo yegeraga Eva, amusezeranya ko yashoboraga gucumura, ariko ntahanwe. Yerekeje kuri Eva yihandagaza avuga ko gucumura ku Mana byari gutuma ahumuka, kandi akagira umudendezo (Itangiriro 3:4, 5). Mu gihe twaba duhuye n’umuntu wononekaye nk’uwo wifatanya n’itorero, dufite inshingano yo kwirinda no kurinda abandi, tumutungira agatoki ababishinzwe mu itorero rya Gikristo.​—Abalewi 5:1.

Kurindwa n’Ubumenyi Nyakuri

21-23. (a) Kunanirwa gushyira mu bikorwa ubumenyi nyakuri, bigira izihe ngaruka? (b) Ni iyihe ngorane yindi ivugwa na Petero, ikaba izasuzumwa mu gice gikurikira?

²¹ Petero asoza iki gice cy’urwandiko rwe, avuga ingaruka zo kunanirwa gushyira mu bikorwa ubumenyi yari yerekejeho mbere y’aho, avuga ko ari ubw’ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu abone ‘ubugingo [kandi] yubahe Imana’ (2 Petero 1:2, 3, 8). Yanditse agira ati “niba kumenya neza [“kugira ubumenyi nyakuri ku byerekeye,” NW ] Yesu Kristo Umwami wacu n’Umukiza kwarabateye guhunga, bakava mu by’isi byonona, maze bakongera kubyizingitiranirizamo, bikabanesha, ibya nyuma byabo biba birushije ibya mbere kuba bibi” (2 Petero 2:20). Mbega ukuntu bibabaje! Abantu nk’abo bo mu gihe cya Petero, bari bararetse ibyiringiro by’agaciro kenshi, byo kuzabona ubuzima bwo kudapfa mu ijuru, babigurana ibihe by’akanya gato byo kwinezeza mu bihereranye n’ibitsina.

²² Ni yo mpamvu Petero yagize ati “icyajyaga kubabera cyiza, iyaba batigeze kumenya inzira yo gukiranuka, biruta ko basubira inyuma, bamaze kuyimenya, bakareka itegeko ryera bahawe. Ibyabasohoyeho ni iby’uyu mugani w’ukuri, ngo ‘imbwa isubiye ku birutsi byayo’; kandi ngo ‘ingurube yuhagiwe isubiye kwigaragura mu byondo.’ ”​—2 Petero 2:21, 22; Imigani 26:11.

²³ Uko bigaragara, indi ngorane yari yatangiye kugera ku Bakristo ba mbere, yasaga n’igera kuri bamwe na bamwe muri iki gihe. Uko bigaragara, icyo gihe hari bamwe na bamwe bitotomberaga ibihereranye no kuba ukuhaba kwa Kristo kwasezeranijwe, kwarasaga n’aho gutinze. Nimucyo dusuzume ukuntu Petero avuga ibyerekeranye n’icyo kibazo.

Mbese, Uribuka?

◻ Ni izihe ngero eshatu z’umuburo zivugwa na Petero?

◻ Ni gute abigisha b’ibinyoma “basuzugura gutegekwa”?

◻ Inzira ya Balamu ni iki, kandi se, ni gute abayikurikiza bashobora kugerageza gushuka abandi?

◻ Kunanirwa gushyira mu bikorwa ubumenyi nyakuri, bigira izihe ngaruka?

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 24 n’iya 25]

Balamu ni urugero rw’umuburo