Zita raMwari Navashanduri veBhaibheri
MUNA 1952, The Bible Translator rakabudisa kurukurirano ye“chinetso” chokuratidzira zita raMwari mushanduro dzeBhaibheri dzokuti dzishandiswe muminda yavafundisi vechiKristudhomu. Vagoveri vakaziva ukoshi hwezita racho muBhaibheri—zita iro rinooneka muMagwaro echiHebheru kanodokusvika ka 7 000. Asi ivo vaisagona kubvumirana pamusoro penzira yarinofanira kushandurwa nayo mumitauro yazvino uno. Vamwe vakada shoko rakadai sa“Usingagumi.” Vamwe vakasarudza zita rokuremekedza rokuti “Ishe.” Hapana nomumwe akarumbidza kushandura kwokuti “Jehovha” kana kuti “Yahwe.” Zvokona nei?
Zvikonzero zviviri zvakadudzwa nomugoveri H. Rosin. Chokutanga, iye akadavira kuti apo Bhaibheri rechiHebheru rakashandurirwa pakuvamba muchiGiriki (shanduro yeSeptuagint yapamberi pechiKristu) vashanduri vakashandura zita raMwari neshoko rechiGiriki nokuda kwa“Ishe.” Chechipiri, iye akatya kuti kupinza zita rokuti Jehovha mushanduro “kungatsemurawo chechi.” Nokuti, iye akawedzera, “‘zvapupu zvaJehovha’ hazvisi varwisani noUtatu here?”
Pamusoro pepfundo rokutanga raRosin, zviwanwa zvokuchera matongo zvakamubvumikisa kuva asina kururama. Kutaura idi, vashanduri veSeptuagint havana kurataridzira zita roumwari neshoko rechiGiriki nokuda kwa“Ishe.” Panzvimbo pezvo, ivo vakarinyora mumabhii aro apakuvamba echiHebheru murugwaro rwechiGiriki chaimo, zvokuti makopi eshanduro yeSeptuagint akashandiswa namaKristu apakuvamba aiva nezita roumwari.
Nenzira inofadza, apo maKristu apakuvamba ainokora mashoko muSeptuagint hakubviri zvikuru kuti akabvisa zita racho mukunokora kwacho. Nokudaro, manyoro apakuvamba aMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki (“Testamende Itsva”) sezvingabvira zvikuru aiva nezita raMwari. Purofesa George Howard, munyaya inooneka muBiblical Archaeology Review, March 1978, akapa zvibvumikiso zvakasimba zveiyi mhedziso. Somuenzaniso, iye anodudza “chikamu chamashoko chakakurumbira chavanarabhi (Talmud Shabbat 13.5)” icho “chinokurukura chinetso chokuparadza magwaro echihedheni (sezvinobvira zvikuru kubatanidza mabhuku amaKristu echiJudha).” Chii chaiva chinetso chacho? “Magwaro echihedheni ane zita roumwari, uye kuparadzwa kwawo kukuru kwaizobatanidza ruparadziko rwezita roumwari.”
Asi zvakadiniko nezvechirambidzo chechipiri chaRosin? Kukushandiswa kwezita raMwari kwaizoparira zvinetso nokuda kwechiKristudhomu here? Eya, rangarira chakaitika apo zita racho rakabviswa. Pashure pezana rokutanga ramakore, vanyori “vechiKristu” vakatsiva zita raMwari namashoko akadai sa“Mwari” uye “Ishe” muzvose zviri zviviri Septuagint naMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Mukuwirirana naPurofesa Howard, ikoku sezvingabvira kwakagovera kunyongano iyo chiKristudhomu chakatambura mumakore apashure: “Kungava kuti kubviswa kweTetragrammaton [zita raMwari muchiHebheru] kwakagovera zvikuru kwazvo kukurukurirano dzapashure dzaKristu nedzoUtatu idzo dzakatambudza chechi yamazana amakore apakuvamba echiKristu.”
Zvamazvirokwazvo, kubviswa kwezita raMwari muBhaibheri kwakaita kuti kugamuchira kwechiKristudhomu dzidziso yoUtatu kuve kuri nyore zvikuru. Nokudaro, kudai chiKristudhomu chaizodzorera zita racho muBhaibheri rakakwana nomukunamata, ikoku kwaizoparira zvitambudzo. Jehovha, sezvaanoziviswa muMagwaro echiHebheru neechiKristu echiGiriki, akasiana zvakajeka naJesu Kristu uyo asiri rutivi rwoUtatu.
Purofesa Howard akataura mukuwedzera kuti: “Kubviswa kweTetragrammaton zvimwe kwakaparira mugariro woumwari wakasiana nouyo waivapo mukati menhambo yeTestamende Itsva yezana rokutanga ramakore. Mwari wechiJudha uyo nguva dzose akanga atsauraniswa nokungwarira navamwe vose nokushandiswa kwezita rake rechiHebheru akarasikirwa nokumwe kwokujeka kwake nokupfuura kweTetragrammaton.” Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakadzorera zita raMwari kwete bedzi muBhaibheri rakazara asiwo mukunamata kwazvo kwezuva nezuva. Nokudaro, izvo zvinocherechedza ‘musiano wokungwarira’ pakati paMwari wechokwadi navamwari venhema venyika ino. Neiyi nzira izvo zvakagoneswa kudzorera “mugariro woumwari” uyo waivapo muchechi yechiKristu yomuzana rokutanga ramakore.