“Munofanira Kuva Vatsvene . . . ”
“Muwirirano noMutsvene akakudanai, imiwo mumene ivai vatsvene mumufambiro wenyu wose, nokuti kwakanyorwa kuti: ‘Munofanira kuva vatsvene, nokuti ini ndiri mutsvene.’”—1 PETRO 1:15, 16, NW.
1, 2. (a) Chiyeuchidzoi chakaratidzirwa pangoani yomuprista mukuru, uye idonzoi rachakabatira? (b) Neiko chiyeuchidzo choutsvene hwaJehovha chakafanira nhasi? (c) Ipangiroi inopa Petro pamsoro poutsvene?
“UTSVENE ndohwaJehovha.” Aya mashoko anonyandura akaratidzirwa kuti vose vaone, akatemerwa pahwendefa rendarama rakachena rakasungirwa pangoani yaipfekwa nomuprista mukuru waIsraeri. (Eksodho 28:36-38, NW) Iwo akabatira sechiyeuchidzo chinopenya chokuti kusafanana namarudzi echihedheni ainamata vamwari vasina kuchena, Israeri ainamata Mwari akachena, mutsvene.
2 Kana iwe uchitova mumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha, unonzwisisa here chaizvo kuti Mwari waunonamata akachena, akanaka, mutsvene, uye akarurama sei here? Chiyeuchidzo chezvokwadi yokutanga yakadaro chingasaratidzika kuva chiri madikanwa. Pashure pokurangarira zvose, savanhu vaJehovha, takakomborerwa nenzwisiso mu“zvinhu zvakadzama zvaMwari”—uporofita hweBhaibheri hwakaoma kunzwisisa, kushandiswa kwenheyo dzeBhaibheri, dzidziso yeBhaibheri. (1 VaKorinte 2:10; enzanisa naDhanieri 12:4.) Bva, kuri pachena kuti kunzwisiswa kwechokwadi kwoutsvene hwaJehovha kuri kushaika kuvamwe. Neiko? Nemhaka yokuti zviuru gore rimwe nerimwe zvinopinda muzvimiro zvoutere. Zvimwe zviuru zvinokoka ngwavaira nokupinda mumabasa ari pedyo nokuva kupunzwa kwomutemo weBhaibheri. Nenzira yakajeka, vamwe havanzwisisi ukombi hwamashoko ari pana 1 Petro 1:15, 16, NW: “Muwirirano nomutsvene akakudanai, imiwo mumene ivai vatsvene mumufambiro wenyu wose, nokuti kwakanyorwa kuti: “Munofanira kuva vatsvene, nokuti ini ndiri mutsvene.’”
Mwari Mutsvene, Vanamati Vatsvene
3. Rwiyo rwaMosesi runoratidzirei pamsoro paJehovha?
3 ‘Munhu asina kukwana—mutsvene? Hakubviri!’ ungadaro. Zvisinei, rangarira hwaro hwepangiro yaPetro. Muapostora pano akanokora mashoko akatanga kutaurwa kuna Israeri nokukurumidza pashure pokubuda muEgipita. Kupfurikidza nouku kununura kwenenji, Jehovha akanga aziviswa soMusununguri, Muzadziki wezvipikirwa, “munhu wokurwa.” (Eksodho 3:14-17; 15:3) Murwiyo rwokuchengeta ruparadziko rweEgipita paGungwa Dzvuku, Mosesi zvino akazivisa rumwezve rutivi rwaJehovha: “Ndianiko wakafanana nemi, Jehovha, pakati pavamwari? Ndianiko wakafanana nemi paukuru hwoutsvene?” (Eksodho 15:11) Iyi ndiyo nhambo yokutanga yakanyorwa apo utsvene hwakapiwa kuna Jehovha.
4. (a) Jehovha “ane simba muutsvene” munzirai? (b) Nokudaro Jehovha akasiana sei navamwari veKanani?
4 Mashoko echiHebheru nechiGiriki akashandurwa kuti “mutsvene” muBhaibheri anopa pfungwa yokuva ‘chakajeka, chitsva, chakanaka, chisina kusvibiswa, uye chakachena.’ Mosesi nokudaro akaratidzira Jehovha saakachena mumwero mukurusa, asina tsvina, asina ushati, asingashiviriri zvakasimba kusachena. (Habhakuki 1:13) Jehovha akasiana zvakajeka navamwari venyika iyo vaIsraeri vaizokurumidza kugara—Kanani. Magwaro akafukunurwa paRas Shamra, taundi riri pamhenderekedzo yokuchamhembe kweSiria, anopa rumbonera rwakaganhurirwa, asi kunyanguvezvo runojekesa, rwetembere yechiKanani. Aya magwaro anorondedzera vamwari avo, mukuwirirana nebhuku raJohn Gray The Canaanites, vakanga “vachikakavara, vane godo, vane daka, vane ruchiva.”
5, 6. (a) Kunamata vamwari vakaipa kwakatapura sei vaKanani? (b) Kunamata Mwari mutsvene kwakatapura sei vaIsraeri?
5 Sezvinodeya kutaurwa, tsika dzechiKanani dzakaratidzira vamwari vakaipa avo ivo vainamata. The Religion of the People of Israel rinotsanangura, kuti: “Mabasa mukutevedzerwa kwamwari airangarirwa sebasa kuna mwari. . . . [Mwarikadzi wevatano] Ashtart aiva nechiverengero chakati chavashumiri vavarume navakadzi avo vairondedzerwa savanhu vakazvipa . . . Ivo vakazvipa vamene mubasa rake kuuhure.” Nyanzvi William F. Albright, inowedzera, kuti: “Kwakaipisisa kwaro, zvisinei, rutivi rwerudo rwetsika yavo runofanira kuva rwakanyura kusvikira makadzika zvikurusa musina kuchena noushati hwenzanga.” Kunamatwa kwa“matanda anoyera” echirema, zvibairo zvavana, mashiripiti, kutsinga, vatano yehama dzokunyama, vatano yavarume voga voga, uye vatano nemhuka—zvose izvozvi zvakava ‘nzira yenyika’ muKanani.—Eksodho 34:13; Revhitiko 18:2-25; Dheuteronomio 18:9-12.
6 Jehovha, pane rumwe rutivi, “ane simba muutsvene.” Iye aisagona kushivirira ushati hwakadaro muvanamati vake. (Pisarema 15) Naizvozvo, kusafanana navamwari vechiKanani vakashata, Jehovha akasimudza vanhu vake. Achitaura mashoko Petro aizonokora gare gare, Jehovha akatsiura atsiurazve, kuti: “Munofanira kuzvibvumikisa mumene kuva vatsvene, nemhaka yokuti ini Jehovha Mwari wenyu ndiri mutsvene.”—Revhitiko 11:44; 19:2, NW;Re 20:26.
‘Mutemo Mutsvene, Wakarurama, Uye Wakanaka’
7, 8. (a) VaIsraeri vaigona sei ‘kuzvibvumikisa vamene kuva vatsvene’? (b) Sianisa Mutemo waJehovha neBumbiro remitemo reBhabhironi raHammurabi.
7 ‘Kuzvibvumikisa vamene kuva vatsvene’ hakuna kureva kukwana kana kuti mugariro unofungidzirwa woutsvene hwenhema; kwakareva teerero kubumbiro remitemo guru rakapiwa kuna Israeri kupfurikidza naMosesi. (Eksodho 19:5, 6) Kusafanana nomumwe mutemo upi noupi worudzi, Mutemo waMwari waigona kurondedzerwa so“mutsvene nowakarurama nowakanaka.”—VaRoma 7:12, NW.
8 Chokwadi, Bumbiro remitemo reBhabhironi raHammurabi, iro rinotaurwa kuva rakatangira Mutemo waMosesi, rakafukidza ukuru hwakafanana hwenhau. Mimwe yemirau yaro, zvakadai somutemo we‘ziso nokuda kweziso,’ kana kuti mutemo wamatsive, yakafanana nenheyo dzaMosesi. Vatsoropodzi nokudaro vanotaura kuti Mosesi akangokwereta chete mitemo yake mubumbiro remitemo raHammurabi. Bumbiro remitemo raHammurabi, zvisinei, rakarumbidza Hammurabi ndokubatira fariro dzake dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Mutemo waMwari wakapiwa kuna Israeri ‘nokuda kwezvakanaka zvavo nguva dzose, kuti vagoramba vari vapenyu.’ (Dheuteronomio 6:24) Panewo hufakazi huduku hwokuti mutemo waHammurabi wakambosunga zvapamutemo muBhabhironi, uchibatira zvishomanene se“yamuro yapamutemo nokuda kwavanhu vanotsvaka zano.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica, chinyorwa cha 1985, Volume 21, peji 921) Mutemo waMosesi, kunyanguvezvo, wakanga uchisunga uye waiva nezvirango zvakarurama zvokusateerera. Pakupedzisira, bumbiro remitemo raHammurabi rinonangidzira ngwariro pamsoro penzira yokubata nayo navaiti vezvakaipa; 5 bedzi yemitemo yaro 280 irambidzo dzakananga. Simba roMutemo waMwari, zvisinei, rakanga rakananga kukurambidza, kwete kuranga, chakaipa.
9. Mutemo waMosesi wakava nesimbai paupenyu hwavaJudha?
9 Nemhaka yokuti wakanga uri ‘mutsvene, wakarurama, uye wakanaka,’ Mutemo waMosesi waiva nesimba guru paupenyu hwomunhu oga hwavaJudha. Iwo wakatungamirira namato yavo, wakagovera maSabata okurega kushanda, wakadzora mugariro wemari worudzi, wakaonesa zvinodikanwa pamsoro pomupfekero, uye wakapa nhungamiro inobetsera munhau dzezvokudya, vatano, netsika dzoutsanana. Kunyange mabasa enguva dzose omuviri akapinda munzvero yoMutemo waMosesi.
“Murairo waJehovha Wakachena”
10. (a) Neiko mutemo wakaitira hanya mativi akawanda kwazvo oupenyu? (b) Mutemo wakasimudzira sei rucheno rwomuviri noutano hwakanaka? (Batanidza mashoko omuzasi.)
10 Mirau ine udzame yakadaro yaifukidza kurarama kwezuva nezuva yaiva nedonzo rakakwirira: kuita kuti vaIsraeri vachene—mumuviri, mumudzimu, mundangariro, uye mutsika. Somuenzaniso, mitemo yaivada kuzvigeza vamene, kufusira tsvina yavo, kuparadzanisa vairwara hosha inotapukira, uye kudzivisa zvokudya zvakati yose yakasimudzira utano norucheno rwomuviri.a—Eksodho 30:18-20; Revhitiko ganhuro 11; Re 13:4, 5, 21, 26; 15:16-18, 21-23; Dheuteronomio 23:12-14.
11. Kuva asina kuchena mumuitiro kwairevei?
11 Bva, utano hwakanaka noutsanana zvaiva chaizvoizvo zvechipiri kurucheno rwomudzimu. Ndokusaka munhu uyo zvichida akadya chimwe chezvokudya zvakarambidzwa, akapinda muvatano, kana kuti akabata mutumbi wakafa akaziviswawo kuva asina kuchena nenzira yomuitiro. (Revhitiko, ganhuro 11, 15; Numeri, ganhuro 19) Munhu akadaro asina kuchena nokudaro airambidzwa kutora rutivi mukunamata—muzvinoitika zvakati nechirango chorufu! (Revhitiko 15:31; 22:3-8) Asi rambidzo dzakadaro dzaiva nechii chokuita norucheno rwomudzimu?
12. Mitemo yorucheno rwomuitiro yakasimudzira sei rucheno rwomudzimu?
12 Kunamata kwechihedheni kwairatidzirwa nouhure, kunamatwa kwavakafa, uye mafaro. Asi The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia inoonesa, kuti: “Hapana chiito chevatano chaibvumidzwa somutoo wokunamata Yahwe. Mubato wose wakadaro muna ikoku, naizvozvo, waiita kuti munhu ave asina kuchena. . . . Muna Israeri vakafa vaigamuchira rukudzo rwavo rwakafanira, asi vaisatongopiwa namato isakafanira uyewo vaisava vanamatwi . . . Rumwe ruwadzano pamitambo yavavakidzani vechihedheni, iyo yaizobatanidza kudya madyo, rwaisabvira nokuda kwomuIsraeri, nemhaka yokuti zvokudya zvavo zvakanga zvisina kuchena.” Mirau yoMutemo nokudaro yakaumba “rusvingo” rwokuparadzanisa pamasangano orudzidziso asina kuchena.—VaEfeso 2:14.
13. Mutemo wakasimudzira sei rucheno rwendangariro?
13 Mutemo wakashandawo nokuda kworucheno rwendangariro rwavaIsraeri. Mirairo yawo pamsoro pekwamirano dzeroorano, somuenzaniso, yakabatira kusimudzira kufunga kwomurume. (Revhitiko 15:16-33) VaIsraeri vakadzidza kuzvidzora munhau dzevatano, kusatera kuzemo risingadzorwi kufanana navaKanani. Mutemo wakatodzidzisa vatsigiri vawo kudzora mirangariro yavo nezvishuvo, kushurikidza kufunga kwokuchiva.—Eksodho 20:17.
14. Mutemo waMwari wakanga wakasiana sei pamsoro pokusimudzira rucheno rwetsika?
14 Chinoshamisa zvikurusa, nyanguvezvo, kwaiva kusimbisa kwomutemo rucheno rwetsika. Chokwadi, bumbiro remitemo raHammurabi rakashurikidzawo zvakaipa zvakadai soupombwe. Zvisinei, imwe nyaya yomuThe Biblical Archaeologist yakati: “Kusafanana navaBhabhironi navaAsiria avo vairangarira upombwe bedzi semhaka pamaruramiro omwene omurume, mutemo weTestamende Yekare unorangarira upombwe semhakawo yakakomba patsika.”
15. (a) Enzanisira kuti muIsraeri anofanira kuve aifanira kushandisa sei nhamburiko yakati kuti arambe akachena. (b) VaIsraeri vakabetserwa sei nenhamburiko dzakadaro?
15 Ndeechokwadi sei, ipapoka mashoko owezvamapisarema, anoti: “Murau waJehovha wakaisvonaka, unovhenekera meso.” (Pisarema 19:8) Sezvinobvumwa, padzimwe nguva kuramba vakachena kwaida nhamburiko yakati. Vanamai vatsva, mavhiki mashomanene pashure pokuberekwa kwavana vavo, vaifanira kukwira kuJerusarema kuti vagopinda mumiitiro yokuchenesa. (Revhitiko 12:1-8; Ruka 2:22-24) Vose vari vaviri varume navakadzi vaidikanirwa kuzvichenesa vamene nomuitiro pashure pevatano yomuroorano, pamwe chete nomumimwe migariro inowirirana. (Revhitiko 15:16, 18; Dheuteronomio 23:9-14; 2 Samueri 11:11-13) Kudai ivo vakatevera Mutemo nokungwarira ndokuramba vakachena, vaizo‘zvibetsera vamene’—mumuviri, mundangariro, mutsika, uye mumudzimu. (Isaya 48:17) Kupfuurirazve, ukoshi noukombi hwokuramba vakachena hwaizorovererwa zvisingadzimiki pavari. Zvakanakisisa, nhamburiko dzapachokwadi dzakadaro dzokuchengeta utsvene dzaizovawanira tendero yaMwari.
Vakachena Munyika Isina Kuchena
16, 17. (a) MaKristu nhasi anodikanirwa kuramba akachena kusvikira patambanukoi? (b) Neiko kuramba wakachena kwakaoma kwazvo nhasi? (c) Vanhu vakatanhamara vakakundikana sei semienzaniso?
16 Tinogona zvino kunzwisisa zviri nani mashoko aPetro kumaKristu, anoti: “Savana vanoteerera, regai kuva vanoenzaniswa noruchiva rwamaichimbova narwo mukusaziva kwenyu, asi, muwirirano noMutsvene akakudanai, imiwo mumene ivai vatsvene mumufambiro wenyu wose, nokuti kwakanyorwa, kuti ‘Imi munofanira kuva vatsvene, nokuti ini ndiri mutsvene.’”—1 Petro 1:14-16, NW.
17 Sezvinobvumwa, uku hakusi nyore. Munzvimbo iri yose matinotarisa, tinoona vanhu vanoshandisa unyengeri, kusatendeseka, utere hwevatano. The New York Times yakashuma, kuti: “VaAmerica vari kusarudza nenzira inowedzera kurarama pamwe chete pamberi pokuroora.” Kunyange vanhu vakatanhamara vanogadza mienzaniso yakashata. Vamwe vavanhu vakakurumbira zvikurusa vari munyika nhasi mumitambo, mune zvamatongerwe enyika, uye muvaraidzo vanoshandisa pachena zvimiro zvokusachena. “Kunoodza mwoyo zvikuru,” akachema kudaro muyevi wemitambo, “kuva nokutenda muno mumwe munhu somuenzaniso ndokuzova vakashatiswa.” Chinetso chacho? Vamhanyi vakakurumbira vanoverengeka vakanga vabvuma kushandiswa kusakafanira kwemirimo. Kazhinji kazhinji sei kuti vanhu vanorangarirwa semienzaniso vanorarama upenyu husina kuchena, hungu, kunyange upenyu hwakashata, semhombwe, vafevi, vavatani vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano, vakadzi vanovatana voga, mbavha, magororo, uye vapindwi muropa nemirimo! Ivo vangaoneka vakachena mumuviri, asi miromo yavo yakazadzwa nomutauro wakashata une tsvina. Ivo vangatofarira kuzvidza tsika dzakanaka dzavanhu, vachiganza pamsoro pezviito zvavo zvoutere.
18. Vazhinji vanorarama upenyu husina kuchena vari ‘kucheka zvavakadyara’ sei?
18 Bva, mashoko eBhaibheri haasati achirerutswa nenyore: “Mwari haasati achifanira kusekwa. [“Mwari haazvidzwi”—Byington] Nokuti zvipi kana zvipi zvinodyara munhu, iye achachekawo izvozvi; nokuti iye unodyara nomurangariro wenyama yake achacheka kuora kunobva panyama yake.” (VaGaratia 6:7, 8, NW) Mufambiro wakashata unowanzoguma nechirwere, kana kuti kunyange rufu runokurumidza, runobva muhosha dzakadai senjovhera, gonoriya uye AIDS, kududza dzakatanhamara. Kusadzikama kwendangariro nokwemifungo, kuora mwoyo, uye kunyange kuzviuraya padzimwe nguva miuyowo yemitoo youpenyu yokusasarura. Naizvozvo nepo ava vanogoverana mumiitiro youtere vangaseka mukuzvidza avo vanoedza kuzvichengeta vamene vakachena, kuseka kunoguma sezvo vanyombi vanovamba ‘kucheka zvavakadyara.’—Enzanisa naVaRoma 1:24-27.
19, 20. Vakuru vechiKristudhomu vakazvibvumikisa vamene sei kuva vakashatswa mune zvorudzidziso nomutsika?
19 Tinoraramawo munyika yakasviba mune zvorudzidziso. Vakuru vorudzidziso vangapfeka nguvo dzakaisvonaka, dzakachena, asi vanodzidzisa miitiro isina kuchena yechiBhabhironi, zvakadai sokunamata zvidhori, Utatu, hero yomwoto, kusafa kwomweya womunhu, uye purigatori. Ivo vakafanana navatungamiriri vorudzidziso nezvavo Jesu akati: “Mune nhamo, imi vanyori navaFarise, vanyengeri! nokuti makafanana namarinda akacheneswa, anoonekwa saakanaka kunze kwawo, asi mukati muzere namapfupa avakafa netsvina yose. Saizvozvo nemiwo munoonekwa navanhu kunze kwenyu makaita samakarurama, asi mukati muzere nokunyengera nokuipa.”—Mateo 23:27, 28.
20 Vakuru vorudzidziso vanotofuratira kusachena muboka ravo. Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanozivikanwa savane utere navasina kuchena—vashandisi voufeve, mhombwe, vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano vanovatana—vanobvumidzwa kuramba vari muchimiro chakanaka. Papfundo irori, Newsweek inoshuma kuti: “Woruzivo rwokushanda kwendangariro weMaryland Richard Sipe, aichimbova muprista, anogumisa kuti inenge 20 muzana yavaprista veKaturike 57 000 veU.S. ndivanovatana vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano . . . Vamwe varapi vanofunga kuti chiverengero chechokwadi nhasi chingava pedyo ne 40 muzana.” Woruzivo rwezvamwari weKaturike John J. McNeill (anovatana navane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano anozivikanwa) anoruramisa vatano yavane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano pachena: “Rudo pakati pavarume vaviri vanovatana kana kuti vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano vaviri, vachirangarira kuti rudo rwohunhu hunovaka, harusi rwokutadza uyewo harubvisi vadani mugadziriro yaMwari, asi runogona kuva rudo rutsvene.”—The Christian Century.
21. Chiyeuchidzo chokuti “Utsvene ndohwaJehovha” chakafanira sei nokuda kwedu nhasi?
21 Chiyeuchidzo chairatidzirwa pangoani yomuprista mukuru nokudaro chakafanira zvikuru kupfuura nakare kwose: “Utsvene ndohwaJehovha.” (Eksodho 28:36, NW) Jehovha anoda, hungu, anoraira, kuti tirambe takachena mumativi ose! Asi munhu anogona sei chaizvo kuita saizvozvo? Inzvimboi dzingada ngwariro chaiyo? Nyaya inotevera ichakurukura iyi mibvunzo.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Mutemo waHammurabi wakanga usina gadziriro dzakadaro; uyewo bumbiro remitemo routsanana rinoenzana harina kuwanwa pakati pavaEgipita vekare, kunyange zvazvo ivo vaishandisa chimiro chakati budirirei chemishonga. Rinoti bhuku rinonzi Ancient Egypt: “Zvitsinga zvamashiripiti nemiitiro zvinoiswa norusununguko apo napapo [mumagwaro emishonga yeEgipita] nerondedzero dzine mufungo.” Bumbiro reMitemo raMwari, zvisinei, rakanga risina revo dzokuwedzera dzoudhemoni asi rakanga rakanaka mune zvesayenzi. Munongova munguva dzazvino uno bedzi, somuenzaniso, umo vanachiremba vakaona kudikanwa kwokugeza pashure pokubata zvitunha, chimwe chinhu Mutemo waMosesi waida zviuru zvamakore zvapfuura!—Numeri, ganhuro 19.
Mibvunzo Yehwirudzuro
◻ Jehovha “ane simba muutsvene” sei, uye ikoku kunorevei nokuda kwavanamati vake?
◻ Mutemo waMosesi wakasiana sei nemitemo yamamwe marudzi ose?
◻ Mutemo waMosesi wakasimudzira sei rucheno rwomuviri, rwomudzimu, rwendangariro, uye rwetsika?
◻ Vazhinji vanorarama upenyu husina kuchena vari ‘kucheka zvavakadyara’ sei?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]
Kunamatwa kwavamwari vakaipa kwakatungamirira kuushati hwavaKanani
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Courtesy of the British Museum, London
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 12]
Mutemo waHammurabi wakaunza runyararo kuumambo uye wakarumbidza mambo, asi iwo hauna kuunza utsvene kuvaBhabhironi
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Louvre Museum, Paris