Ngwavaira yomuRwanda—Ndiani Ane Mhaka?
“Nokukurumidza dehenya ramakanika ane makore 23 okukura risati ratsemurwa,” U.S.News & World Report yakadaro, “mumwe wavadenhi akaudza Hitiyise, kuti: ‘Unofanira kufa nemhaka yokuti uri muTutsi.’”
NDIKAKAWANDA sei chiono chakadaro chakadzokororwa munyika duku yeCentral Africa yeRwanda mukati momwedzi waApril naMay! Panguva yacho kwakanga kune ungano 15 dzeZvapupu zvaJehovha muKigali nemakapoteredza, dzimbahwe reRwanda. Mutariri weguta, Ntabana Eugène, akanga ari muTutsi. Iye, mudzimai wake, mwanakomana wake, uye mwanasikana wake ane makore mapfumbamwe, Shami, vakanga vari pakati pavanhu vokutanga vakaurawa apo masimba masimba oupengo akatanga.
Zviuru zvavaRwanda zvakapondwa zuva nezuva—vhiki nevhiki. “Muvhiki nhanhatu dzakapfuura,” magazini yenhau yanokorwa mashoko pamusoro apa yakashuma pakati paMay, “vanhu vakawanda savane 250 000 vakafa munhimbe yokuuraya rudzi namatsive iyo yakaenzana nokuuraya kune chishava kweKhmer Rouge muCambodia pakati pama 1970.”
Magazini yeTime yakati: “Muchiono chinoyeuchidza Germany yeNazi, vana vakatorwa muboka re 500 nemhaka bedzi yokuti vairatidzika savaTutsi. . . . Meya wetaundi rokumaodzanyemba reButare, uyo akachata nemuTutsi, akapiwa chisarudzo [chinorwadza] navanhuwo zvavo vechiHutu: aigona kuponesa mudzimai wake navana kana aizopa mhuri yomudzimai wake—vose vari vaviri vabereki vake nomunun’una wake—kuti iurawe. Akabvuma.”
Vanhu vatanhatu vaishanda muHofisi yeShanduro yeZvapupu zvaJehovha muKigali, vana vavo vaiva vaHutu uye vaviri vaTutsi. VaTutsi vakanga vari Ananie Mbanda naMukagisagara Denise. Apo varwi pamwe chete navapambi vakasvika paimba yacho, vakashatirwa pakuwana vaHutu navaTutsi vachigara pamwe chete. Vakanga vachida kuuraya Mbanda naDenise.
“Vakatanga kubvisa mapini pamagirinedhi avo,” akadaro Emmanuel Ngirente, mumwe wehama dzechiHutu, “vachityisidzira kutiuraya, sezvo taiva navavengi vavo pakati pedu. . . . Vaida chitsama chikuru chemari. Takavapa mari yose yataiva nayo, asi havana kugutsikana. Vakasarudza kutitorera somuripo chinhu chiri chose chavaigona kushandisa, kubatanidza komupiyuta inotakurika inoshandiswa mubasa rokushandura, photocopier yedu, maredhiyo edu, shangu dzedu, uye zvichingodaro. Kamwe kamwe vakaenda vasina kuuraya upi noupi wedu, asi vakati vaizodzoka gare gare.”
Mumazuva akatevera, vapambi vakaramba vachidzoka, uye nguva imwe neimwe Zvapupu zvechiHutu zvakateterera nokuda kwoupenyu hweshamwari dzazvo dzechiTutsi. Pakupedzisira, apo kwakanyanyova kune ngozi kuti Mbanda naDenise vagarezve, gadziriro dzakaitwa dzokuti vaende navamwe vapoteri vechiTutsi kuchikoro chaiva pedyo. Apo chikoro chacho chakadenhwa, Mbanda naDenise vakakwanisa kutiza. Vakabudirira kupfuura kumiswa mumugwagwa kunoverengeka, asi, pakupedzisira, pakumwe kwako, vaTutsi vose vakaiswa parutivi, uye Mbanda naDenise vakaurawa.
Apo varwi vakadzokera kuHofisi yeShanduro ndokuwana kuti Zvapupu zvechiTutsi zvakanga zvaenda, varwi vacho vakarova hama dzechiHutu zvinotyisa. Ipapo bhambo rakaputika pedyopo, uye hama dzacho dzakakwanisa kupukunyuka noupenyu hwadzo.
Sezvo kuuraya kwakapfuurira munyika yose, nhamba yavakafa yakasvika inenge hafu yemiriyoni. Pakupedzisira, pakati pamamiriyoni maviri namatatu, kana kuti akawanda, avagari vomuRwanda vane mamiriyoni masere akasiya misha yawo. Vakawanda vavo vakapotera muZaire neTanzania dziri pedyo. Mazana eZvapupu zvaJehovha akaurawa, uye mamwe akawanda akanga ari pakati paavo vakatizira kumisasa yaiva kunze kwenyika.
Chii chakaparira kuuraya nokubuda kusingaenzaniswi kwakadaro? Kwaigona kuva kwakadziviswa here? Ndaapi akanga ari mamiriro ezvinhu masimba masimba acho asati atanga?
VaHutu navaTutsi
Dzose dziri mbiri Rwanda nenyika yakavakidzana nayo yeBurundi dzinogarwa navaHutu, vaBantu vanowanzova vapfupi, vakasimba, uye vaTutsi, vanhu vanowanzova varefu zvikuru, vari vatsvuku avo vanozikanwawo saWatusi. Munyika dzose dziri mbiri vaHutu vanoumba inenge 85 muzana yavagari vemo uye vaTutsi 14 muzana. Bonderano pakati paaya mapoka orudzi yave ichinyorwa kudzoka shure kusvika muzana ramakore rechi 15. Bva, kazhinji kazhinji, vakagara pamwe chete murugare.
“Taisigara pamwe chete murugare,” mumwe mukadzi ane makore 29 okukura akadaro nezvevaHutu navaTutsi 3 000 vaigara mumusha weRuganda, uri makiromita mashomanene kumabvazuva kweZaire. Zvisinei, muna April kuvhozhokera kwakaitwa mapoka avaHutu kwakauraya inodokuva nhamba yose yavagari vomunyika vechiTutsi vomumusha wacho. New York Times yakatsanangura, kuti:
“Mamiriro ezvinhu emusha uyu ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu mamwe chetewo eRwanda: vaHutu navaTutsi vachigara pamwe chete, vachichata, vasingaitiri hanya kana kuti kunyange kuziva akanga ari muHutu uye akanga ari muTutsi.
“Ipapo chimwe chinhu chakachinja kamwe kamwe. Muna April, nyongori dzechiHutu munyika yose dzakapenga, dzichiuraya vaTutsi pari pose pavaivawana. Apo kuuraya kwakavamba, vaTutsi vakatizira kuchechi nokuda kwedziviriro. Nyongori dzakatevera, dzichishandura nzvimbo tsvene kuva makuva anoramba akatyapatidzwa neropa.”
Chii chakanga chaparira kuuraya kwacho? Dzakanga dziri nzufu, mukudonha kwendege muKigali pana April 6, dzavanapurezidhendi veRwanda neBurundi, vose vari vaviri vakanga vari vaHutu. Ichi chiitiko nenzira yakati chakaparira kuuraya kwete bedzi kwavaTutsi asiwo kwomuHutu upi noupi akafungwa kuva akavanzwira tsitsi.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, kurwisana kwakakomba pakati pamauto avapanduki—R.P.F. (Rwandan Patriotic Front) inodzorwa navaTutsi—namauto eHurumende anodzorwa navaHutu. Pakasvika July R.P.F. yakanga yakunda mauto eHurumende uye yakanga yavakudzora Kigali norutivi rukurusa rwasara rweRwanda. Vachitya matsive, pakuvamba muna July, vari mumazana ezviuru vaHutu vakatiza nyika yacho.
Ndiani Ane Mhaka?
Akumbirwa kutsanangura chikonzero nei masimba masimba akatanga kamwe kamwe muna April, mumwe murimi wechiTutsi akati: “Imhaka yavatungamiriri vakashata.”
Zvirokwazvo, mumazana amakore, vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika vakaparadzira nhema pamusoro pavavengi vavo. Munhungamiro ye“muchinda wenyika ino,” Satani Dhiyabhorosi, vezvamatongerwe enyika venyika vakanyengetedza vanhu vavo vamene kurwisana uye kuuraya avo verimwe dzinza, kana kuti rudzi. (Johane 12:31; 2 VaKorinte 4:4; 1 Johane 5:19) Mamiriro ezvinhu ave asina kusiyana muRwanda. The New York Times yakati: “Vezvamatongerwe enyika vakaedza vaedzazve kutsigira ruvimbiko rwedzinza norutyo rwedzinza—muchinoitika chavaHutu, kudzora Hurumende; muchinoitika chavaTutsi, kuronga tsigiro yenhandare yavapanduki.”
Sezvo vanhu veRwanda vakafanana munzira dzakawanda, munhu aisazotongovakarira kuvengana uye kuurayana. “VaHutu navaTutsi vanotaura mutauro mumwe chetewo uye kazhinji kazhinji vanogoverana magamuchidzanwa mamwe chetewo,” akanyora kudaro mushumi Raymond Bonner. “Pashure pezvizvara zvakawanda zvakachata, misiyano yokunyama—vaTutsi vachiva varefu uye vatete, vaHutu vachiva vapfupi zvikuru vakobvu zvikuru—yakanyangarika kusvika kutambanuko yokuti vaRwanda kazhinji kazhinji havavi nechokwadi kana mumwe munhu ari muHutu kana kuti muTutsi.”
Bva, kubudiswa kunopfuurira kwomunguva pfupi yakapfuura kweparadziro kwakava nomugumisiro usingadaviriki. Achienzanisa nhau yacho, Alex de Waal, mutungamiriri weboka reAfrican Rights, akati: “Vanhuwo zvawo munharaunda dzinodenhwa neR.P.F. sezvinoshumwa vanoshamiswa kuti varwi vechiTutsi havana nyanga, miswe namaziso anopenya murima—yakadaro irondedzero yenhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo dzavanoteerera.”
Havasati vari vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika bedzi vanoumba kufunga kwavanhu asi rudzidziso runodarowo. Ndaapi ari marudzidziso makuru eRwanda? Iwowo ave ane mhaka yengwavaira yacho here?
Basa Rorudzidziso
The World Book Encyclopedia (1994) rinoti nezveRwanda: “Vakawanda zvikurusa vavanhu vacho vaRoma Katurike. . . . Roma Katurike nedzimwe chechi dzechiKristu dzinotarisira zvakawanda zvikurusa zvezvikoro zvokutanga nezvepamusoro.” National Catholic Reporter, kutaura idi, yakadaidza Rwanda kuti “nyika ine 70% Katurike.”
The Observer, yeGreat Britain, inopa mashoko ekare emamiriro ezvinhu orudzidziso muRwanda, ichitsanangura, kuti: “Mukati mema 1930, apo chechi dzakanga dzichirwira kudzora gadziriro yedzidzo, vaKaturike vakada boka rinotonga rechiTutsi nepo vaPurotesitendi vakazvibatanidza vamene novoruzhinji vakadzvinyirirwa vechiHutu. Muna 1959 vaHutu vakabvuta simba ndokukurumidza kufarikanya tsigiro yavaKaturike navaPurotesitendi. Kutsigira voruzhinji vechiHutu kwavaPurotesitendi kunoramba kwakasimba zvikuru.”
Vatungamiriri vechechi vePurotesitendi, somuenzaniso, vakashurikidza here kuponda kwavakawanda? The Observer inopindura, kuti: “Vafundisi vaviri [veAnglican] vakabvunzwa kana vaishurikidza vapondi avo vakanga vazadza munofamba vanhu muchechi dzeRwanda nemiviri yavana vakagurwa misoro.
“Vakaramba kupindura. Vakanzvenga mibvunzo, vakashatirwa, manzwi avo achikwira zvinotova zvikuru, uye chisakiso chikuru chenjodzi yeRwanda chakaratidzwa—mitezo mikuru zvikurusa yechechi yeAnglican ichiita savanamujibha vavanatenzi vezvamatongerwe enyika avo vakaparidza kuponda ndokuzadza nzizi neropa.”
Zvirokwazvo, chechi dzechiKristudhomu muRwanda hadzina kusiyana nechechi dzokudzimwe nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, nezvokutsigira kwawo vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika muHondo yeNyika I, Frank P. Crozier, Mutungamiriri wamauto weBritain akati: “Chechi dzechiKristu vapariri vakaisvonaka zvikurusa vokudisa ropa vatinavo uye avo takashandisa pachena.”
Hungu, vatungamiriri vorudzidziso vane mugove mukuru womutoro nokuda kwezvakaitika! National Catholic Reporter yaJune 3, 1994, yakashuma, kuti: “Kurwisana munyika yeAfrica kunobatanidza ‘kuuraya rudzi chaikoiko uye kwechokwadi uko, sezvineiwo, kunyange vaKaturike vane mhaka yako,’ papa wacho akadaro.”
Nenzira yakajeka, chechi dzakundikana kudzidzisa nheyo dzechokwadi dzechiKristu, dzakavakirwa pamagwaro akadai saIsaya 2:4 naMateo 26:52. Maererano nepepanhau rechiFrench Le Monde, mumwe muprista akachema, kuti: “Vari kuurayana, panguva imwe cheteyo vachikanganwa kuti ihama.” Mumwe muprista weRwanda akataura, kuti: “VaKristu vakaurawa navamwe vaKristu, pashure pezana ramakore remharidzo pamusoro porudo nokukanganwira. Kwakava kundikano.” Le Monde yakabvunza, kuti: “Munhu anogona sei kudzivisa kufunga kuti vaTutsi navaHutu vari kurwisana muBurundi neRwanda vakarovedzwa navafundisi vechiKristu vamwe chetevo uye vakapinda chechi dzimwe chetedzo?”
VaKristu Vechokwadi Vakasiyana
Vateveri vechokwadi vaJesu Kristu vanochengeta murayiro wake woku“da[na].” (Johane 13:34) Unogona kufungidzira Jesu kana kuti mumwe wavaapostora vake achitora bheneti ndokutema mumwe munhu kusvikira afa here? Kuuraya kwokusateerera mutemo kwakadaro kunoratidzira vanhu se“vana vaDhiyabhorosi.”—1 Johane 3:10-12.
Zvapupu zvaJehovha hazvitongotori rutivi muhondo, kumukira, kana kuti kumwe kurwisana kupi nokupi kunotsigirwa nevezvamatongerwe enyika venyika, avo vanodzorwa naSatani Dhiyabhorosi. (Johane 17:14, 16; 18:36; Zvakazarurwa 12:9) Panzvimbo pezvo, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinoratidzirana rudo rwechokwadi. Nokudaro, mukati mokupondwa kwavakawanda, Zvapupu zvechiHutu zvakaisa upenyu hwazvo mungozi nokudisa munhamburiko dzokudzivirira hama dzazvo dzechiTutsi.
Bva, ngwavaira dzakadaro hadzifaniri kuva dzinoshamisa. Muuporofita hwaJesu pamusoro pe“mhedziso yetsika yezvinhu,” akadeya kutaura, kuti: “Ipapo vanhu . . . vachakuurayai.” (Mateo 24:3, 9, NW) Nenzira inofadza, Jesu anopikira kuti vanhu vakatendeka vachayeukwa murumuko rwavakafa.—Johane 5:28, 29.
Munguvayi, Zvapupu zvaJehovha muRwanda nomudzimwe nzvimbowo zvadzo zvakatsunga kupfuurira kuzvibvumikisa zvimene kuva vadzidzi vaKristu kupfurikidza nokudanana. (Johane 13:35) Rudo rwazvo rwuri kupa uchapupu kunyange pakati peidzi nhamo dzazvino, seizvo mushumo wakabatanidzwa “Zvapupu Mumisasa Yavapoteri” unoratidza. Tose zvedu tinofanira kuyeuka icho Jesu akataura muuporofita hwake, kuti: “Unotsungirira kusvikira pakuguma, uchaponeswa.”—Mateo 24:13.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 29]
ZVAPUPU MUMISASA YAVAPOTERI
Kubvira muna July wegore rino, Zvapupu zvinenge 4 700 neshamwari dzazvo vakanga vari mumisasa yavapoteri. MuZaire, 2 376 vakanga vari muGoma, 454 muBukavu, uye 1 592 muUvira. Mukuwedzera, kwakanga kune muTanzania 230 muBenaco.
Kungosvika chete panzvimbo dzavapoteri kwakanga kusiri nyore. Ungano imwe yeZvapupu 60 yakaedza kuyambuka bhiriji reRusumo, nzira huru yokupukunyuka nayo kuenda kumisasa yavapoteri muTanzania. Apo zvisina kubvumidzwa kupfuura, zvakadzungaira nomumahombekombe erwizi rwacho kwevhiki. Ipapo zvakasarudza kuedza kuyambuka zviri mumagwa. Zvakayambuka, uye pashure pamazuva mashomanene, zvakasvika zvakakotsekana kumusasa womuTanzania.
Zvapupu zvaJehovha mune dzimwe nyika zvakaronga nhamburiko huru dzokubatsira. Zvapupu muFrance zvakaunganidza matani anopfuura zana embatya namatani mapfumbamwe eshangu, uye migove yakadaro, pamwe chete nezvokuwedzera zvinovaka muviri uye mishonga, zvakaendeswa kunharaunda dzaiva nokushayiwa. Kazhinji kazhinji, chinhu chokutanga icho hama mumisasa yavapoteri dzaikumbira, zvisinei, chakanga chiri Bhaibheri kana kuti magazini eNharireyomurindi kana kuti Mukai!
Vacherekedzi vakawanda vakaororwa norudo rwairatidzwa neZvapupu muZaire neTanzania, izvo zvaishanyira uye zvaibetsera hama dzazvo dzakadzingwa. “Mashanyirwa navanhu vomurudzidziso rwenyu,” vanodaro vapoteri, “asi isu hatina kushanyirwa nomuprista werwedu.”
Zvapupu zvakasanozivikanwa mumisasa, zvikurukuru nemhaka yechinzwano chazvo, nhevedzano, uye chimiro chendangariro chorudo. (Johane 13:35) Ndokwefariro kucherekedza kuti muBenaco, Tanzania, kwakatorera Zvapupu maminiti 15 bedzi kuwana Zvapupu biyazvo zviri vapoteri pakati pavanhu 250 000 vaiva mumisasa.