Upenyu Pashure Porufu—Bhaibheri Rinotii?
“Zvauri guruva, uchadzokerazve kuguruva.”—GENESI 3:19.
1, 2. (a) Ipfungwa dzipi dzakasiyana-siyana dziripo pamusoro peUpenyu pashure porufu? (b) Tinofanira kuongorora chii kuti tizive zvinodzidzisa Bhaibheri pamusoro pomweya?
“RONDEDZERO yokutambudzwa kusingaperi haiwirirani nechitendero chokuti Mwari anoda zvinhu zvakasikwa. . . . Kudavira kurangwa kusingagumi kwomweya nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvemakore mashomanene, pasina kumboupa mukana wokugadzirisa, kuita zvinopesana nezvine musoro,” akadaro muzivi wechiHindu Nikhilananda.
2 Kufanana naNikhilananda, vakawanda nhasi havanzwi vakasununguka nedzidziso yokutambudzwa kusingagumi. Nechikonzero chakafanana, vamwe vanoomerwa nokunzwisisa pfungwa dzakadai sokuwana Nirvana uye kubatanidzwa nezvinhu zvakasikwa. Kunyange pane vaya vanoti zvitendero zvavo ndezvemuBhaibheri, pane pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pokuti mweya chii uye kuti chii chinoitika kwauri patinofa. Asi Bhaibheri rinombodzidzisei chaizvo pamusoro pomweya? Kuti tizive, tinofanira kuongorora zvinorehwa nemashoko echiHebheru neechiGiriki anoshandurwa kuti “mweya” muBhaibheri.
Mweya Maererano neBhaibheri
3. (a) Nderipi shoko rinoshandurwa kuti “mweya” muMagwaro echiHebheru, uye rinonyanyorevei? (b) Genesi 2:7 inosimbisa sei kuti shoko rokuti “mweya” rinogona kureva munhu wose akadaro?
3 Shoko rechiHebheru rinoshandurwa kuti “mweya” ndineʹphesh, uye rinooneka ka754 muMagwaro echiHebheru. Neʹphesh rinorevei? Maererano neThe Dictionary of Bible and Religion, ri“nowanzoreva chinhu chipenyu chose chakadaro, munhu wose akadaro.” Izvi zvinosimbiswa nerondedzero yeBhaibheri yomweya iri pana Genesi 2:7: “Jehovha Mwari akaumba munhu neguruva revhu, akafuridzira mweya woupenyu mumhino dzake; munhu akava mweya mupenyu.” Cherekedza kuti munhu wokutanga “akava” mweya. Kureva kuti, Adhama akanga asina mweya; ndiye akanga ari mweya—sezvo munhu anova chiremba ari chiremba. Saka, shoko rokuti “mweya,” pano rinorondedzera munhu wose akadaro.
4. Nderipi shoko rinoshandurwa kuti “mweya” muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, uye shoko iri rinonyanyorevei?
4 Shoko rinoshandurwa kuti “mweya” (psy·khe) rinooneka kanopfuura kane zana muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Kufanana naneʹphesh shoko iri rinowanzoreva munhu wose akadaro. Somuenzaniso, funga nezvemashoko anotevera: “Mweya wangu unomanikidzwa.” (Johane 12:27) “Mweya wose wakatanga kubatwa nokutya.” (Mabasa 2:43, NW) “Mweya yose ngaizviise pasi pevane simba zvikuru.” (VaRoma 13:1, NW) “Taurai nemweya yakaora mwoyo nenzira inonyaradza.” (1 VaTesaronika 5:14, NW) “Vanhu vashoma, iyo mweya misere, yakatakurwa yakachengeteka nomumvura.” (1 Petro 3:20, NW) Zvakajeka kuti psy·kheʹ, kufanana naneʹphesh, rinoreva munhu wose akadaro. Maererano nenyanzvi Nigel Turner, shoko iri “rinoreva munhu, iye pachake, muviri wenyama une rûah [mudzimu] waMwari wakafemerwa mauri. . . . Chiri kusimbiswa ndiye munhu wose akadaro.”
5. Mhuka mweya here? Tsanangura.
5 Zvinofadza kuti, muBhaibheri shoko rokuti “mweya” rinoshanda kwete kuvanhu bedzi asiwo kumhuka. Somuenzaniso, mukurondedzera kusikwa kwezvisikwa zvomugungwa, Genesi 1:20, NW, inotaura kuti Mwari akarayira kuti: “Mvura ngaizare nemweya mipenyu mizhinji.” Uye pazuva rokusika rakatevera, Mwari akati: “Nyika ngaibereke mweya mipenyu ine marudzi ayo, zvipfuwo nemhuka dzinokambaira nezvikara zvapasi zvine marudzi azvo.”—Genesi 1:24, NW; enzanisa naNumeri 31:28.
6. Chii chingataurwa nezvekushandisa kweBhaibheri shoko rokuti “mweya”?
6 Saka, shoko rokuti “mweya” sokushandiswa kwarinoitwa muBhaibheri rinoreva munhu kana kuti mhuka kana kuti upenyu hune munhu kana kuti mhuka. (Ona bhokisi riri pamusoro apa.) Rondedzero yeBhaibheri yomweya iri nyore, haichinji, uye haina kuzadzwa nouzivi hwakaoma kunzwisisa nemagamuchidzanwa avanhu. Zvazvakadaro, mubvunzo unofanira kukurumidza kubvunzwa ndewokuti, Maererano neBhaibheri, chii chinoitika kumweya parufu?
Vakafa Havana Chavanoziva
7, 8. (a) Magwaro anozivisei pamusoro pezvakaita vakafa? (b) Ipa mienzaniso yomuBhaibheri inoratidza kuti mweya unogona kufa.
7 Zvakaita vakafa zvinojekeswa pana Muparidzi 9:5, 10, patinorava kuti: “Vakafa havana chavanoziva . . . Hamuna basa, hamuna zano, hamuna zivo kana ungwaru, mukati meguva.” (Moffatt) Saka, rufu kusavapo. Munyori wepisarema akanyora kuti panofa munhu, ano“dzokera pasi pake; nezuva iro mano ake anopera.” (Pisarema 146:4) Vakafa havana chavanoziva, havana chavanogona kuita.
8 Paaitaurira Adhama mutongo, Mwari akati: “Zvauri guruva, uchadzokerazve kuguruva.” (Genesi 3:19) Mwari asati amuumba neguruva revhu ndokumupa upenyu, Adhama akanga asipo. Paakafa, Adhama akadzokera kukusavapo. Akarangwa norufu—kwete kutamisirwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Saka, chii chakaitika kumweya wake? MuBhaibheri shoko rokuti “mweya” zvarinowanza kungoreva munhu, patinoti Adhama akafa, tiri kutaura kuti mweya unonzi Adhama wakafa. Izvi zvinganzwika sezvisina kujairika kumunhu anodavira kusafa kwomweya. Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rinoti: “Mweya unotadza, uchafa.” (Ezekieri 18:4) Revhitiko 21:1, (NW) inotaura nezve “mweya wakafa” (“chitunha,” The Jerusalem Bible). Uye vaNaziri vakaudzwa kuti vasaswedera pedyo ne“mweya upi noupi wakafa” (“mutumbi,” Lamsa).—Numeri 6:6, NW.
9. Bhaibheri rinorevei parinoti “mweya [waRakeri] wakati uchibuda”?
9 Zvisinei, zvakadini nemashoko ari pana Genesi 35:18 anotaura nezvorufu runosuruvarisa rwaRakeri, rwakaitika paaisununguka mwanakomana wake wechipiri? Ipapo tinorava kuti: “Zvino mweya wake wakati uchibuda (nokuti wakafa), akamutumidza Bhenoni; asi baba vake vakamutumidza Bhenjamini.” Chikamu ichi chinoreva here kuti Rakeri akanga ane munhu womukati akabuda paakafa? Nyangwe napaduku pose. Yeuka, shoko rokuti “mweya” rinogonawo kureva upenyu hune munhu. Saka muchiitiko chino “mweya” waRakeri waingoreva “upenyu” hwake. Ndokusaka dzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzichishandura mashoko okuti “mweya wake wakati uchibuda” dzichiti “upenyu hwake hwakanga hwava kuderera” (Knox), “akafema kekupedzisira” (JB), uye “upenyu hwake hwakabuda maari” (Bible in Basic English). Hapana chinoratidza kuti rumwe rutivi rwakavanzika rwaRakeri harwuna kufa.
10. Mweya womwanakomana wechirikadzi akamutswa ‘wakadzoka kwaari’ munzirai?
10 Zvakafanana nokumutswa kwomwanakomana wechirikadzi, kwakanyorwa muna 1 Madzimambo chitsauko 17. 1 Madz. 17 Mundima 22, tinorava kuti sezvo Eria ainyengeterera mukomana muduku, “Jehovha akanzwa inzwi raEria, mweya womwana ukadzokerazve kwaari, akararamazve.” Zvakare, shoko rokuti “mweya” rinoreva “upenyu.” Saka, New American Standard Bible rinoti: “Upenyu hwomwana hwakadzokera kwaari uye akararamazve.” Hungu, hwaiva upenyu, kwete chimwe chinhu chakaita somumvuri, chakadzokera kumukomana. Izvi zvinowirirana nezvakataurirwa mai vemukomana wacho naEria kuti: “Tarira, mwana wako [munhu wose akadaro] mupenyu.”—1 Madzimambo 17:23.
Zvakadini Nomudzimu?
11. Nei shoko rokuti “mudzimu” risingagoni kureva rutivi rwomunhu asina muviri rwusingafi?
11 Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti panofa munhu “[mudzimu, NW] wake unobuda, iye ndokudzokera pasi pake.” (Pisarema 146:4) Izvi zvinoreva here kuti mudzimu waparadzaniswa nomuviri unobva chaizvoizvo ndokupfuurira kurarama pashure pokufa kwomunhu? Hazvingagoni kudaro, nokuti munyori wepisarema anozoti: “Nezuva iro mano ake anopera” (“kufunga kwake kwose kunoguma,” The New English Bible). Saka, mudzimu chii, uye ‘unobuda’ sei mumunhu panguva yokufa kwake?
12. Chii chinorehwa namashoko echiHebheru neechiGiriki anoshandurwa kuti “mudzimu” muBhaibheri?
12 MuBhaibheri mashoko anoshandurwa kuti “mudzimu” (chiHebheru, ruʹach; chiGiriki, pneuʹma) anonyanya kureva “chifemo.” Saka, panzvimbo pokuti “mudzimu wake unobuda,” shanduro yaR. A. Knox inoshandisa mashoko okuti “chifemo chinobuda mumuviri wake.” (Pisarema 145:4) Asi shoko rokuti “mudzimu” rinoreva zvinopfuura chiito chokufema. Somuenzaniso, pakurondedzera kuparadzwa kwoupenyu hwavanhu nemhuka panguva yeBoporodzi repasi pose, Genesi 7:22 inoti: “Zvinhu zvose, zvakanga zvine [simba roupenyu rokufema, NW] [kana kuti, mudzimu; chiHebheru, ruʹach] mumhino dzazvo, zvose zvakanga zviri pakawoma pasi, zvikafa.” Saka “mudzimu” ungareva simba roupenyu rinoshanda muzvisikwa zvipenyu zvose, zvose vanhu nemhuka, uye rinotsigirwa nokufema.
13. Mudzimu unodzokera sei kuna Mwari panofa munhu?
13 Saka, zvinorevei Muparidzi 12:7 painotaura kuti panofa munhu, “[mudzimu, NW] usati wadzokera kuna Mwari wakaupa”? Izvi zvinoreva here kuti mudzimu wacho unofamba chaizvoizvo nomuchadenga kuenda kuna Mwari chaiko? Hapana chinhu chakadaro chinorehwa. Sezvo mudzimu riri simba roupenyu, uno“dzokera kuna Mwari” mukuti tariro ipi neipi youpenyu hwamangwana hwomunhu iyeye zvino yasarira kuna Mwari. Mwari ndiye bedzi anogona kudzorera mudzimu wacho, kana kuti simba roupenyu, achiita kuti munhu ave mupenyuzve. (Pisarema 104:30) Asi Mwari ane chinangwa chokuita kudaro here?
“Uchamuka”
14. Jesu akatii uye akaitei kuti azorodze nokunyaradza hanzvadzi dzaRazaro pashure pokurasikirwa nehanzvadzi yavo?
14 Mutaundi duku reBhetania, makiromita anenge matatu kumabvazuva kweJerusarema, Maria naMarta vaichema hanzvadzi yavo Razaro yakanga yangoerekana yafa. Jesu akatambudzikawo sezvavaiita, nokuti aida Razaro nehanzvadzi dzake. Jesu aigona sei kunyaradza hanzvadzi dzacho? Kwete nokuvaudza imwe nhau yakaoma kunzwisisa, asi nokuvaudza chokwadi. Jesu akangoti: “Hanzvadzi yako ichamukazve.” Jesu akabva aenda kuhwiro, uye akamutsa Razaro—achidzorera upenyu kumunhu akanga afa kwamazuva mana!—Johane 11:18-23, 38-44.
15. Marta akapindura kuti kudini pane zvakataurwa naJesu nezvaakaita?
15 Marta akashamiswa nokutaura kwaJesu kwokuti Razaro aizo“muka” here? Zviri pachena kuti haana, nokuti akapindura kuti: “Ndinoziva kuti uchamukazve pakumuka nezuva rokupedzisira.” Aitova nokutenda muvimbiso yorumuko. Jesu akabva amuudza kuti: “Ndini kumuka noupenyu; unotenda kwandiri, kunyange akafa, uchararama.” (Johane 11:23-25) Chishamiso chokumutswa kwaRazaro chakashanda kuti chisimbise kutenda kwake uye kuisa kutenda mune vamwe. (Johane 11:45) Asi chii chaizvo chinomborehwa neshoko rokuti “rumuko”?
16. Shoko rokuti “rumuko” rinorevei?
16 Shoko rokuti “rumuko” rinoshandurwa kubva mushoko rechiGiriki rokuti a·naʹsta·sis, rinoreva kuti “kusimukazve.” Vashanduri vechiGiriki vakashandura a·naʹsta·sis nemashoko anoreva kuti “kumutswa kwavakafa” (chiHebheru, techi·yathʹ ham·me·thim).a Saka, rumuko rwunobatanidza kumutsa munhu kubva pakusava noupenyu kworufu—kudzorera uye kumutsidzirazve mararamiro omunhu wacho.
17. (a) Nei kumutswa kwavanhu kusingazonetsi Jehovha Mwari naJesu Kristu? (b) Jesu akavimbisa chii pamusoro pevaya vari mumakuva okurangaridza?
17 Sezvaane uchenjeri husingagumi uye achiyeuka zvakakwana, Jehovha Mwari anogona kumutsa munhu nyore nyore. Kuyeuka mararamiro avanhu vakafa—unhu hwavo hunovasiyanisa, nhau yavo yomunhu oga, uye mashoko ose ekuzivikanwa kwavo—hazvimunetsi. (Jobho 12:13; enzanisa naIsaya 40:26) Uyezve, sezvinoratidzwa nezvakaitika kuna Razaro, Jesu Kristu anoda uye anogona kumutsa vakafa. (Enzanisa naRuka 7:11-17; 8:40-56) Chokwadi, Jesu Kristu akati: “Nguva inouya, nayo vose vari muma[kuva okurangaridza, NW] vachanzwa inzwi rake, [raJesu] vachabuda.” (Johane 5:28, 29) Hungu, Jesu Kristu akavimbisa kuti vose vanoyeukwa naJehovha vachamutswa. Zvakajeka kuti maererano neBhaibheri, mweya unofa, uye mushonga worufu rumuko. Asi mabhiriyoni avanhu akararama ndokufa. Pavari ndivanaani vanoyeukwa naMwari, vakamirira rumuko?
18. Ndivanaani vachamutswa?
18 Avo vakatevera nzira yakarurama sevashumiri vaJehovha vachamutswa. Asi, mamiriyoni avamwe vanhu akafa asina kuratidza kana aizoita zvakarurama zvinodiwa naMwari. Vangadaro vakanga vasingazivi zvinodiwa naMwari kana kuti vasina nguva yakakwana yokuchinja. Ivavawo vanoyeukwa naMwari saka vachamutswa, nokuti Bhaibheri rinovimbisa kuti: “Kuchavapo kumuka kwavakafa kwavakarurama navasakarurama.”—Mabasa 24:15.
19. (a) Johane akagamuchira chiono chipi pamusoro porumuko? (b) Chii chino“kandirwa mudziva romoto,” uye mashoko iwayo anorevei?
19 Muapostora Johane akaona chiono chinonakidza chevakamutswa vakamira pamberi pechigaro choushe chaMwari. Achichirondedzera, akanyora kuti: “Gungwa rikabudisa vakafa vakanga vari mariri; norufu neHadhesi zvikabudisa vakafa vakanga vari mazviri; mumwe nomumwe akatongwa sezvaakabata. Ipapo rufu neHadhesi zvakakandirwa mudziva romoto. Ndirwo rufu rwechipiri, ndiro dziva romoto.” (Zvakazarurwa 20:12-14) Funga nezvokuti izvozvo zvinorevei! Vose vakafa vanoyeukwa naMwari vachasunungurwa muHadhesi, kana kuti Sheori, guva ravanhu vose. (Pisarema 16:10; Mabasa 2:31) Ipapo “rufu neHadhesi” zvichakandirwa murinonzi “dziva romoto,” rinofananidzira kuparadzwa zvachose. Guva ravanhu vose harizovipo.
Tarisiro Yakasiyana Nedzimwe!
20. Mamiriyoni akafa zvino achamutsirwa mumhoteredzo dzorudzii?
20 Mamiriyoni paanomutswa murumuko, haazodzorerwi kuupenyu papasi risina chinhu. (Isaya 45:18) Achamukira mumhoteredzo yakanatswa zvakaisvonaka uye achawana kuti akagadzirirwa dzimba dzokugara, zvokupfeka, nezvokudya zvakawanda. (Pisarema 67:6; 72:16; Isaya 65:21, 22) Ndiani achagadzirira zvose izvi? Zvakajeka kuti vanhu vachave vachitorarama munyika itsva rumuko rwapasi rwusati rwavamba. Asi ndivanaani?
21, 22. Itarisiro ipi yakasiyana nedzimwe yakamirira vaya vari kurarama mu“mazuva okupedzisira?”
21 Kuzadzika kwouporofita hweBhaibheri kunoratidza kuti tiri kurarama mu“mazuva okupedzisira” egadziriro ino yezvinhu.b (2 Timotio 3:1) Nokukurumidza zvino, Jehovha Mwari achapindira munhau dzavanhu ndokubvisa uipi hwose pasi pano. (Pisarema 37:10, 11; Zvirevo 2:21, 22) Panguva iyoyo, chii chichaitika kune vaya vari kushumira Mwari vakatendeka?
22 Jehovha haazoparadzi vakarurama pamwe nevakaipa. (Pisarema 145:20) Haasati amboita chinhu chakadaro, uye haazochiiti paachabvisa uipi hwose pasi pano. (Enzanisa naGenesi 18:22, 23, 26) Kutaura chokwadi, bhuku rokupedzisira reBhaibheri rinotaura nezve“vazhinji-zhinji vasingagoni kuverengwa nomunhu, vakabva kundudzi dzose, namarudzi, navanhu, nendimi,” vachibuda mu“kutambudzika kukuru.” (Zvakazarurwa 7:9-14, NW) Hungu, vazhinji-zhinji vachapukunyuka dambudziko guru pachagumira nyika ino yakaipa, uye vachapinda munyika itsva yaMwari. Imomo, vanhu vanoteerera vanogona kubetserwa zvakazara negadziriro yaMwari inoshamisa yokusunungura vanhu muchivi norufu. (Zvakazarurwa 22:1, 2) Saka, “vazhinji-zhinji” vacho havambofaniri kufa. Itarisiro yakasiyana nedzimwe zvakadini!
Upenyu Pasina Rufu
23, 24. Unofanira kuitei kana uchida kuva noupenyu pasina rufu muParadhiso pasi pano?
23 Tingava nechivimbo mutariro iyi inoshamisa here? Zvechokwadi! Jesu Kristu pachake akaratidza kuti paizova nenguva apo vanhu vaizorarama vasingambofi. Ava kuda kuzomutsa shamwari yake Razaro, Jesu akaudza Marta kuti: “Mumwe nomumwe uri mupenyu, unotenda kwandiri, haangatongofi.”—Johane 11:26.
24 Unoda kurarama nokusingaperi muParadhiso pasi pano here? Unoshuva kuona vadiwa vako zvakare here? “Nyika inopfuura nokuchiva kwayo; asi unoita kuda kwaMwari, unogara nokusingaperi,” anodaro muapostora Johane. (1 Johane 2:17) Zvino ndiyo nguva yokudzidza kuti kuda kwaMwari chii ndokutsunga kuita maererano nakwo. Ipapo iwe, pamwe namamiriyoni avamwe vava kutoita kuda kwaMwari, munogona kurarama nokusingaperi muParadhiso pasi pano.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Nyange hazvo shoko rokuti “rumuko” risingaoneki muMagwaro echiHebheru, tariro yorumuko inotaurwa zvakajeka pana Jobho 14:13, Dhanieri 12:13, naHosea 13:14.
b Ona bhuku rinonzi Zivo Inotungamirira Kuupenyu Husingaperi, rakabudiswa neWatchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., mapeji 98-107.
Unoyeuka Here?
◻ Chii chinonyanyorehwa nemashoko omutauro wapakutanga anoshandurwa kuti “mweya”?
◻ Chii chinoitika kumweya parufu?
◻ Maererano neBhaibheri, mushonga worufu chii?
◻ Itarisiro ipi yakasiyana nedzimwe inomirira vakatendeka nhasi?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 15]
“Mweya” Soupenyu Hwechisikwa
Dzimwe nguva, shoko rokuti “mweya” rinoreva upenyu hune munhu kana kuti mhuka. Izvi hazvichinji rondedzero yeBhaibheri yomweya somunhu kana kuti semhuka. Kuenzanisira: Tinoti mumwe munhu mupenyu, tichireva kuti munhu ari kurarama. Tingataurawo kuti ane upenyu. Nenzira yakafanana, munhu mupenyu mweya. Asi, paanenge ari mupenyu, “mweya” ungataurwa nezvawo sechimwe chinhu chaanacho.
Somuenzaniso, Mwari akaudza Mosesi kuti: “Varume vose vaitsvaka mweya wako vakafa.” Zvakajeka kuti vavengi vaMosesi vaida kumuuraya. (Eksodho 4:19, NW; enzanisa naJoshua 9:24, NW; Zvirevo 12:10, NW) Jesu akashandisa shoko racho nenzira yakafanana paakati: “Mwanakomana womunhu akauya . . . ku[zo]pa mweya wake kuti uve rudzikinuro mukutsinhana nevakawanda.” (Mateo 20:28, NW; enzanisa na Mt 10:28.) Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, shoko rokuti “mweya” rinoreva “upenyu hwechisikwa.”
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 15]
Zvose mweya
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Hummingbird: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C./Dean Biggins
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 17]
Jesu akaratidzira kuti mushonga worufu rumuko
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 18]
“Mumwe nomumwe uri mupenyu, unotenda kwandiri, haangatongofi.”—Johane 11:26