Nguva Nemwaka Zviri Musimba raJehovha
“Hazvisi zvenyu kuti muzive nezvenguva kana mwaka zvakaiswa naBaba musimba ravo.”—MABASA 1:7, NW.
1. Jesu akapindura sei mibvunzo yavaapostora vake yaiva nechokuita nenguva?
CHII chataizokarira kune avo “vanogomera nokuchema pamusoro pezvinonyangadza zvose zvinoitwa” muchiKristudhomu uye munyika yose, kunze kwokunetseka kuti gadziriro ino yakaipa ichaguma ndokutsiviwa nenyika itsva yaMwari yakarurama rini? (Ezekieri 9:4; 2 Petro 3:13) Ava pedyo nokufa uye amuka, vaapostora vaJesu vakamubvunza mibvunzo ine chokuita nenguva. (Mateo 24:3; Mabasa 1:6) Zvisinei, mukupindura, Jesu haana kuvapa mutoo wokuverenga nawo misi. Pamwe pacho akavapa chiratidzo chinoumbwa nezvakawanda, uye pamwe akati ‘zvakanga zvisiri zvavo kuti vazive nguva kana kuti mwaka zvakanga zvaiswa naBaba musimba ravo.’—Mabasa 1:7.
2. Nei zvichigona kunzi Jesu haana kugara achiziva nguva yaBaba vake yezviitiko zvaifanira kuitika munguva yomugumo?
2 Kunyange zvazvo Jesu ari Mwanakomana akaberekwa ari mumwe bedzi waJehovha, iye pachake haana kugara achingoziva nguva yaBaba vake yokuita zvinhu. Muuporofita hwake pamusoro pamazuva okupedzisira, Jesu akabvuma nokuzvininipisa kuti: “Kana riri zuva iro nenguva iyo, hakuna unozviziva, kunyange vatumwa vokudenga, kunyange Mwanakomana, asi Baba voga.” (Mateo 24:36) Jesu akanga achida kumirira nokushivirira kuti Baba vake vamuzivise nguva chaiyo yokuparadzwa kwaizoitwa gadziriro ino yezvinhu yakaipa.a
3. Tinogona kudzidzei mumhinduro dzaJesu dzemibvunzo ine chokuita nechinangwa chaMwari?
3 Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinogona kuonekwa mukupindura kwakaita Jesu mibvunzo yaiva nechokuita nekuti zvinhu zvaizoitika rini zvichizadzika chinangwa chaMwari. Chokutanga ndechokuti, Jehovha ane nguva yakagadzwa; uye chechipiri ndechokuti, iye oga anoronga, uye vabatiri vake havagoni kukarira kufanopiwa mashoko chaiwoiwo enguva dzake kana kuti mwaka.
Nguva dzaJehovha Nemwaka
4. Mashoko echiGiriki anoshandurwa kuti “nguva” uye “mwaka” ari pana Mabasa 1:7 anorevei?
4 Chii chinorehwa nokuti “nguva” uye “mwaka”? Kutaura kwaJesu kwakanyorwa pana Mabasa 1:7 kunoreva marudzi maviri enguva. Shoko rechiGiriki rinoshandurwa kuti “nguva” rinoreva “nguva mupfungwa yourefu hwenguva,” nhambo yenguva (refu kana kuti pfupi). “Mwaka” kushandurwa kweshoko rinoreva nguva yakatarwa kana kuti yakarongwa, mwaka chaiwoiwo, kana kuti nhambo, inoratidzirwa nezvinhu zvakati kuti. Pamusoro pemashoko okutanga aya ose ari maviri, W. E. Vine anoti: “Muna Mabasa 1:7, ‘Baba vakaisa musimba Ravo’ zvose zviri zviviri nguva (chronos), kureba kwenhambo dzacho, uye mwaka (kairos), nhambo inoratidzirwa nezviitiko zvakati kuti.”
5. Jehovha akazivisa Noa rini nezvechinangwa Chake chokuparadza nyika yakaora, uye Noa akaita mabasa maviri api?
5 Mafashamo asati aitika, Mwari akagadza nguva yaisazopfuura makore 120 nokuda kwenyika yakaora yakanga yaparirwa navanhu nengirozi dzakachinja kuva vanhu. (Genesi 6:1-3) Panguva iyoyo Noa aida Mwari akanga ane makore 480. (Genesi 7:6) Akanga asina mwana uye akaramba akadaro kwamamwe makore 20. (Genesi 5:32) Kwapera nguva huru, pashure bedzi pokunge vanakomana vaNoa vava vanhu vakuru uye varoora, Mwari akazivisa Noa nezvechinangwa Chake chokubvisa uipi pasi pano. (Genesi 6:9-13, 18) Chero ipapo, kunyange zvazvo Noa akanga aronzeswa mabasa maviri rokuvaka areka nokuparidzira vaaigara navo, Jehovha haana kumuzivisa nguva yake yaakanga aronga.—Genesi 6:14, 2 Petro 2:5.
6. (a) Noa akaratidza sei kuti akasiyira nhau dzenguva kuna Jehovha? (b) Tinogona sei kutevedzera muenzaniso waNoa?
6 Kwamakumi amakore—zvichida mazana mashanu amakore—“Noa akaita saizvozvo; sezvaakarayirwa naMwari, wakaita zvose saizvozvo.” Noa akaita kudaro “nokutenda,” asingazivi musi chaiwoiwo. (Genesi 6:22; VaHebheru 11:7) Jehovha akamurega asingazivi nguva chaiyoiyo yezviitiko kusvikira kwasara vhiki imwe kuti Mafashamo atange. (Genesi 7:1-5) Kuvimba kwaNoa kwakakwana nokutenda Jehovha kwakamuita kuti agone kusiyira nguva mumaoko aMwari. Uye Noa anofanira kuva akafara sei paakadzivirirwa naJehovha munguva yeMafashamo uye gare gare akabuda muareka achienda munyika yakachena! Tine tariro yakafanana yokununurwa, hatifaniri kushandisa kutenda Mwari kwakadaro here?
7, 8. (a) Marudzi nemasimba enyika zvakavapo sei? (b) Jehovha ‘akatara nguva dzakatemerwa nokugadza miganhu yokugara kwavanhu’ munzirai?
7 Pashure peMafashamo, vazukuru vaNoa vakawanda vakarega kunamata Jehovha kwechokwadi. Nechinangwa chokuramba vari panzvimbo imwe, vakatanga kuvaka guta neshongwe yokunamata kwenhema. Jehovha akasarudza kuti yakanga yava nguva yokuti apindire. Akapesanisa mutauro wavo ndoku“vaparadzira ipapo [paBhabheri], vakapararira panyika dzose.” (Genesi 11:4, 8, 9) Gare gare, mapoka emitauro akakura kuva marudzi, mamwe akazokurira mamwe marudzi ndokuva masimba enharaunda, kunyange masimba enyika.—Genesi 10:32.
8 Maererano nokushanda kwechinangwa chake, panguva nenguva Mwari akasarudza miganhu yamarudzi uye kuti pashure penguva yakati rudzi rwakati rwaizodzora munzvimbomo kana kuti sesimba renyika. (Genesi 15:13, 14, 18-21; Eksodho 23:31; Dheuteronomio 2:17-22; Dhanieri 8:5-7, 20, 21) Muapostora Pauro akataura nezvorutivi urwu rwenguva nemwaka zvaJehovha paakaudza vazivi vechiGiriki vaiva muAtene kuti: “Mwari wakasika nyika nezvose zviri mairi . . . wakaita marudzi ose avanhu, achibva kune mumwe chete, kuti agare pose panyika; ambotara nguva dzavakatemerwa, nemiganhu yokugara kwavo.”—Mabasa 17:24, 26.
9. Jehovha ‘akachinja nguva nemwaka’ zvaiva nechokuita namadzimambo sei?
9 Izvi hazvirevi kuti Jehovha ndiye anoparira kurwisana kwose nokuchinja kwezvematongerwe enyika uye pakati pamarudzi. Asi, anogona kupindira paanosarudza kuita kudaro kuitira kuti aite chinangwa chake. Nokudaro, muporofita Dhanieri, uyo aizoona kuparadzwa kweSimba Renyika reBhabhironi nokutsiviwa kwaro neMedhia nePersia, akati nezvaJehovha: “Ndiye unoshandura nguva nenhambo; ndiye unobvisa madzimambo, nokugadza madzimambo; ndiye unopa vakachenjera uchenjeri, navane njere zivo.”—Dhanieri 2:21; Isaya 44:24–45:7.
“Nguva Yakanga Iri Kuswedera”
10, 11. (a) Jehovha akagadza nguva yaaizonunura vazukuru vaAbrahama muutapwa pachine nguva yakareba sei? (b) Chii chinoratidza kuti vaIsraeri vakanga vasinganyatsozivi kuti vaizonunurwa rini chaiyeiye?
10 Pachine anopfuura mazana mana amakore, Jehovha akagadza gore chairoiro raaizoninipisa mambo weSimba Renyika reEgipita ndokusunungura vazukuru vaAbrahama muuranda. Achizivisa chinangwa chake kuna Abrahama, Mwari akavimbisa kuti: “Uzive kwazvo kuti vana vako vachava vatorwa munyika isati iri yavo; vachava varanda vavo; vachatambudzwa makore ane mazana mana; asi ini ndichatonga rudzi urwo rwavachashumira; pashure vachabudapo nepfuma zhinji.” (Genesi 15:13, 14) Mukupfupikisa nhau yaIsraeri, yakataurwa pamberi peSanihedhirini, Stefano akataura nezvenhambo iyi yamakore 400 ndokuti: “Zvino nguva yechipikirwa chakanga chapikirwa Abrahama naMwari, yakati ichiswedera, vanhu vakawanda, vakaita vazhinji muEgipita; kusvikira mumwe mambo akamuka muEgipita, wakanga asina kuziva Josefa.”—Mabasa 7:6, 17, 18.
11 Uyu Farao mutsva akaderedza vaIsraeri kuva varanda. Bhuku raGenesi rakanga risati ranyorwa naMosesi, kunyange zvazvo zvipikirwa zvaJehovha kuna Abrahama zvingangova zvakanga zvapiwa kupfurikidza nokutaurwa kana kuti nokunyorwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinoratidzika sokuti mashoko ayo vaIsraeri vakanga vanawo aisavabvumira kuti vaverenge kusvika pamusi chaiwoiwo wokununurwa kwavo mukudzvinyirirwa. Mwari aiziva kuti aizovanunura rini, asi sezviri pachena vaIsraeri vaitambura vakanga vasingazivi. Tinorava kuti: “Zvino mazuva mazhinji akati apfuura, mambo weEgipita akafa; vana vaIsraeri vakagomera nokuda kwouranda hwavo, vakadanidzira, kudanidzira kwavo kukasvika kuna Mwari nokuda kwouranda. Mwari akanzwa kugomba kwavo, Mwari akarangarira sungano yake naAbrahama, naIsaka, naJakobho. Mwari akaona vana vaIsraeri, Mwari akavarangarira.”—Eksodho 2:23-25.
12. Stefano akaratidza sei kuti Mosesi akamhanyira mberi kwenguva yaJehovha?
12 Uku kusaziva nguva chaiyoiyo yokununurwa kwaIsraeri kunogonawo kuonekwa mumashoko aStefano mapfupi. Achitaura nezvaMosesi, akati: “Zvino wakati asvika makore ane makumi mana, mwoyo wake ukada kushanyira hama dzake, vana vaIsraeri. Akaona mumwe achiitirwa zvisakarurama, ndokumurwira, akauraya muEgipita, achitsiva wakanga achitambudzwa. Akati, zvimwe hama dzake dzichanzwisisa kuti Mwari akanga achida kuvaponesa nouroko rwake; asi havana kunzwisisa.” (Mabasa 7:23-25) Pano Mosesi akamhanyira mberi kwenguva yaMwari namakore 40. Stefano akataura kuti Mosesi aifanira kumirira mamwe makore 40 Mwari asati ‘aponesa vaIsraeri noruoko rwake.’—Mabasa 7:30-36.
13. Mamiriro edu ezvinhu akafanana sei neavaIsraeri vasati vanunurwa muEgipita?
13 Kunyange zvazvo “nguva yakanga iri kuswedera yokuzadzikwa kwechipikirwa” uye gore racho chairo rakanga ragadzwa naMwari, Mosesi navaIsraeri vose vaifanira kuva nokutenda. Vaifanira kumirira nguva yaJehovha yakagadzwa, sezviri pachena vasingakwanisi kufanoiverenga. Isuwo tine chokwadi chokuti kununurwa kwedu mugadziriro ino yezvinhu yakaipa yanhasi kuri kusvika. Tinoziva kuti tiri kurarama mu“mazuva okupedzisira.” (2 Timotio 3:1-5) Naizvozvo hatifaniri kuda kuratidza kutenda kwedu ndokumirira nguva yaJehovha yakafanira yezuva rake guru here? (2 Petro 3:11-13) Ipapo, kufanana naMosesi navaIsraeri, tingaimba rwiyo rwakanaka rwokununurwa, tichirumbidza Jehovha.—Eksodho 15:1-19.
‘Pakasvika Nguva Yacho’
14, 15. Tinoziva sei kuti Mwari akanga agadza nguva yokuti Mwanakomana wake auye pasi pano, uye vaporofita uye kunyange ngirozi vakarindira chii?
14 Jehovha akanga agadza nguva yokuti Mwanakomana wake akaberekwa ari mumwe oga auye pasi pano saMesiya. Pauro akanyora kuti: “Zvino nguva yakati yazara kwazvo, Mwari akatuma Mwanakomana wake, wakaberekwa nomukadzi, wakaberekwa pasi pomurayiro.” (VaGaratia 4:4) Izvi zvakanga zvichizadzika kuvimbisa kwaMwari kutumira Mbeu—‘Shiro, aizoteererwa navanhu.’—Genesi 3:15; 49:10.
15 Vaporofita vaMwari—kunyange ngirozi—vakaramba vakasvinurira “mwaka” waizooneka Mesiya pasi pano uye ruponeso rwaizobvira kuvanhu vanotadza. “Ruponeso urwu,” Petro akadaro, “rwakabvunzisiswa nokunzverwa kwazvo navaporofita, vakaporofita zvenyasha dzamaizoitirwa imi, vachinzvera kuti nguva ndeipi, kana yakadini, yakataurwa noMweya waKristu, wakanga uri mukati mavo, nguva yaakapupura kare zvokutambudzika kwaKristu, nokubwinya kunozotevera izvozvo. . . . Zvinhu izvo vatumwa vanoda kuzvicherekedza.”—1 Petro 1:1-5, 10-12.
16, 17. (a) Jehovha akabetsera vaJudha vomuzana rokutanga ramakore kuti vakarire Mesiya kupfurikidza nouporofita hupi? (b) Uporofita hwaDhanieri hwakatapura sei kukarira Mesiya kwavaJudha?
16 Kupfurikidza nomuporofita wake Dhanieri—murume aiva nokutenda kwakasimba—Jehovha akanga apa uporofita hwaibatanidza “vhiki nomwe.” Uporofita ihwohwo hwaizoita kuti vaJudha vomuzana rokutanga ramakore vagone kuziva kuti kuoneka kwaMesiya akapikirwa kwakanga kwava kusvika. Humwe uporofita hwacho hwaiti: “Kubva pakutemwa kwomurayiro wokuvandudza nokuvaka Jerusarema kusvikira kunowakazodzwa, iye muchinda, zvichaita vhiki nomwe; uye vhiki dzina makumi matanhatu nembiri dzichavapo.” (Dhanieri 9:24, 25) Nyanzvi dzechiJudha, dzechiKaturike, uye dzechiPurotesitendi dzinowanzobvuma kuti “vhiki” dzinodudzwa pano dzinoreva vhiki dzamakore. “Vhiki” 69 (makore 483) dzaDhanieri 9:25 dzakavamba muna 455 B.C.E., apo Mambo Artashasta wePersia akaudza Nehemia “kundovaka Jerusarema.” (Nehemia 2:1-8) Dzakaguma makore 483 gare gare—muna 29 C.E., pakabhabhatidzwa Jesu uye paakazodzwa nomudzimu mutsvene, nokudaro achiva Mesiya, kana kuti Kristu.—Mateo 3:13-17.
17 Kuti vaJudha vomuzana rokutanga ramakore vangava vaiziva chaipoipo pakatanga makore 483 hazvizikanwi. Asi Johane Mubhabhatidzi paakatanga ushumiri hwake “vanhu zvavakanga vachitarisira uye vose vachifunga mumwoyo mavo pamusoro paJohani kuti: ‘Zvichida angava ndiye Kristu here?’” (Ruka 3:15, NW) Dzimwe nyanzvi dzeBhaibheri dzinobatanidza kukarira uku nouporofita hwaDhanieri. Achitsinhira pandima iyi, Matthew Henry akanyora kuti: “Pano tinoudzwa . . . zvakagumiswa navanhu, kubva paushumiri nokubhabhatidza kwaiitwa naJohane, kufunga nezvaMesiya, uye kufunga nezvake seave pasuo. . . . Vhiki nomwe dzaDhanieri zvino dzakanga dzava kupera.” Bhuku rinonzi Manuel Biblique rechiFrench, rakanyorwa naVigouroux, Bacuez, naBrassac rinoti: “Vanhu vaiziva kuti vhiki nomwe dzakatarwa naDhanieri dzakanga dzava kusvika; hapana munhu akashamisika kunzwa Johane Mubhabhatidzi achizivisa kuti umambo hwaMwari hwakanga hwaswedera pedyo.” Nyanzvi yechiJudha Abba Hillel Silver akanyora kuti maererano ne“kuverenga nguva” kwaiitwa mazuva iwayo, “Mesiya aikarirwa nechepedyo nepakati pezana ramakore rokutanga C.E.”
Zviitiko—Kwete Kuverenga Nguva
18. Nepo uporofita hwaDhanieri hwaibetsera vaJudha kuti vazive nguva yaigona kukarirwa Mesiya kuoneka, ndohupi hwakanga huri ufakazi hunopwisa zvikuru hwokuva Mesiya kwaJesu?
18 Kunyange zvazvo kuverenga nguva sezviri pachena kwakabetsera vanhu vechiJudha kuti vanzwisise nguva yaifanira kuonekwa Mesiya, zviitiko zvakazoitika zvinoratidza kuti hakuna kubetsera kupwisa vakawanda vavo nezvokuva Mesiya kwaJesu. Risingasviki gore asati afa, Jesu akabvunza vadzidzi vake kuti: “Vanhu vazhinji vanoti ndini aniko?” Vakapindura vachiti: “Johane Mubhabhatidzi; vamwe Eria; vamwezve, kuti mumwe wavaporofita vakare wakamuka.” (Ruka 9:18, 19) Hatina pakanyorwa kuti Jesu akambonokora uporofita hwevhiki dzokufananidzira kuti aratidze kuti akanga ari Mesiya. Asi pane imwe nguva, akati: “Ndine chapupu chikuru kuna Johane; nokuti mabasa andakapiwa naBaba kuti ndiapedze, iwo mabasa andinoita, ndiwo anondipupurira kuti Baba vakandituma.” (Johane 5:36) Panzvimbo pokuverenga nguva kupi nokupi kwakaziviswa, kuparidza kwaJesu, zvishamiso zvake, uye zviitiko zvaiva nechokuita nokufa kwake (rima rinoshamisa, kubvaruka kwechidzitiro chetemberi, uye kudengenyeka kwenyika) zvakapupurira kuti akanga ari Mesiya akatumwa naMwari.—Mateo 27:45, 51, 54; Johane 7:31; Mabasa 2:22.
19. (a) VaKristu vaizoziva sei kuti kuparadzwa kweJerusarema kwava pedyo? (b) Nei vaKristu vapakuvamba vakatiza kubva kuJerusarema vakanga vachiri kuda kutenda kwakawanda?
19 Nenzira yakafanana, pashure pokufa kwaJesu, vaKristu vapakuvamba havana kupiwa mitoo yokuverenga nayo kuguma kwakanga kuri kuuya kwegadziriro yezvinhu yechiJudha. Chokwadi, uporofita hwaDhanieri hwevhiki dzokufananidzira hwakadudza kuparadzwa kwegadziriro iyoyo. (Dhanieri 9:26b, 27b) Asi izvi zvaizoitika pashure pokuguma kwe“vhiki dzine makumi matanhatu” (455 B.C.E.–36 C.E.). Namamwe mashoko, pashure pokunge vaMamwe Marudzi vokutanga vava vateveri vaJesu muna 36 C.E., vaKristu vakanga vapfuura kuverenga nguva dzinokosha dzaDhanieri ganhuro rechipfumbamwe. Kwavari, zviitiko ndizvo zvaizoratidzira kuti gadziriro yechiJudha inofanira kukurumidza kuguma, kwete kuverenga nguva. Zviitiko izvozvo, zvakafanotaurwa naJesu, zvakavamba kuguma kubva muna 66 C.E., apo mauto eRoma akadenha Jerusarema ndokudzokera. Izvi zvakapa vaKristu vakatendeka, vaiva vakangwarira vaiva muJerusarema nomuJudhea mukana woku‘tizira kumakomo.’ (Ruka 21:20-22) Vasingatungamirirwi nekuverenga nguva, vaKristu vapakuvamba ivavo havana kuziva nguva yaizoparadzwa Jerusarema. Zvaida kutenda kwakasimba zvakadini kuti vasiye misha yavo, mapurazi, uye mashopu okushandira ndokugara kunze kweJerusarema kwamakore mana kusvikira uto reRoma radzoka muna 70 C.E. uye raparadza gadziriro yechiJudha!—Ruka 19:41-44.
20. (a) Tinogona sei kubetserwa nemienzaniso yaNoa, Mosesi, uye vaKristu vomuzana rokutanga ramakore vomuJudhea? (b) Tichakurukurei munyaya inotevera?
20 Kufanana naNoa, Mosesi, uye vaKristu vomuzana rokutanga ramakore vaiva muJudhea, isu nhasi tinogona kusiyira nguva nemwaka mumaoko aJehovha nechivimbo. Kupwiswa kwedu kuti tiri kurarama munguva yomugumo uye kuti kununurwa kwedu kuri kuswedera pedyo kunotsamira, kwete bedzi pakuverenga nguva, asi pazviitiko chaizvoizvo zvinozadzika uporofita hweBhaibheri. Uyezve, kunyange zvazvo tiri kurarama munguva yokuvapo kwaKristu, hatisunungurwi kuva nokutenda nokuramba takarinda. Tinofanira kuramba tichirarama tichikarira zviitiko zvinofadza zvakafanotaurwa muMagwaro. Uyu uchava musoro wenyaya inotevera.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
Kuhwirudzura
◻ Pamusoro penguva nemwaka zvaJehovha, Jesu akaudzei vateveri vake?
◻ Noa akaziva pachine nguva yakadini paizofanira kutanga Mafashamo?
◻ Chii chinoratidza kuti Mosesi navaIsraeri vakanga vasinganyatsozivi nguva yavaizonunurwa muEgipita?
◻ Tinogona sei kubetserwa nemienzaniso yeBhaibheri inobatanidza nguva nemwaka zvaJehovha?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]
Kutenda kwaNoa kwakamugonesa kuti asiyire zvenguva mumaoko aJehovha