MaKristu Anofanira Kuchengeta Zuva Rezororo Here?
JUNE akanga ave achinaya nenzira yechienzi. Nemhaka yaikoku, gamuchidzanwa renyika rekare kare rakapunzwa mukati memitambo yeWimbledon ya 1991. Kwenguva yokutanga munhau, mitambo yetenesi yakatambwa paSvondo kutsiva nguva yakarasika. Kunze kwokuzvidzwa kwapanhambo nenhambo kwemitemo kwakadai souku, Svondo rinoramba riri zuva rinoyera rezororo muEngland, pamwe chete nomudzimwe nyika dzakawanda.
Vamwe vanhu vanochengeta zuva rakasiana rezororo. VaJudha munyika yose vanochengeta Sabata norumano kuvambira pakuvira kwezuva paChishanu kusvikira pakuvira kwezuva paChitanhatu. Mukati meSabata, ndege dzorudzi dzaIsraeri hadzibhururuki, uye mumataundi akati zvokufambisa zvavose hazvishandi. MuJerusarema vezvamagamuchidzanwa vanoita kuti migwagwa yakati ivharwe kudzivisa zvinofamba zvose izvo vanorangarira kuva zvisiri zvapamutemo.
Idi rokuti marudzidziso akawanda achiri kuchengeta zuva revhiki nevhiki rezororo kana kuti sabata rinomutsa mibvunzo inoverengeka. Ko kuchengeta Sabata ndokwavaJudha bedzi here? Neiko marudzidziso mazhinjisa echiKristudhomu akasvika pakugamuchira zuva rakasiana rezororo? Ko kuchengetwa kwezuva revhiki nevhiki rezororo kunoramba kuri chinodikanwa cheBhaibheri here nhasi?
Ko Sabata Rave Ririko Nguva Dzose Here?
Tinowana kududzwa kwokutanga kwapaMagwaro kwesabata mubhuku raEksodho. Apo vaIsraeri vakanga vari murenje, vakagamuchira mana, zvokudya zvenenji, kubva kuna Jehovha. Zuva rechitanhatu rimwe nerimwe revhiki, vaifanira kuunganidza chikamu chakapetwa ruviri nemhaka yokuti zuva rechitanhatu raifanira kuva “sabata kuna Jehovha,” mukati maro basa rose rairambidzwa.—Eksodho 16:4, 5, 22-25.
Uyezve, vaIsraeri vakapiwa Sabata kuvayeuchidza kuti ivo vakanga vave vari varanda munyika yeEgipita. Ichi chiyeuchidzo chingadai chakava cherevo duku kudai ivo vakanga varemekedza mutemo wakadaro kare. Naizvozvo, mirairo inodzora Sabata yakapiwa kuna Israeri oga.—Dheuteronomio 5:2, 3, 12-15.
Miitiro Yokungwarira Neinorema
Nemhaka yokuti Mutemo waMosesi wakanga usina udzame zvikuru pamusoro peSabata, vanarabhi mumazana amakore akapfuura vakaita zvirambidzo zvakawanda, zvikurukuru zvairambidza zvimiro zvose zvebasa paSabata. Mukuwirirana neMishnah, basa rairambidzwa rakaiswa mumapoka makuru 39, zvakadai sokusona, kunyora, uye basa rapapurazi. Yakawanda yeiyi mirau haina kuvakirwa paBhaibheri. Ichinokora mashoko Mishnah, Encyclopædia Judaica inobvuma kuti iyo yakaita sa“makomo akarembera nevhudzi, nokuti pane zvishomanene panhau yacho muMagwaro nepo mitemo yacho yakawanda.”
Kushandisa murairo wokuti munhu haafaniri “kubuda munzvimbo yake pazuva rechinomwe,” daro gurusa rakasarudzwa, uye irori rakanzi “muganhu weSabata.” Mukuwirirana namanyuko akati, iro rakawirirana namakubiti ane zviuru zviviri, kana kuti anenge mamita 900. (Eksodho 16:29, King James Version) Zvisinei, uyu murau waigona kufuratirwa nenzira yamanomano: Madekwana apamberi, zvokudya zveSabata zvaigona kuiswa daro ramakubiti ane zviuru zviviri kubva paimba. Iyi nzvimbo ipapo yaigona kurangarirwa setambanudzwo yomusha wemhuri, uye mamwe makubiti ane zviuru zviviri aigona kuverengwa kubva panzvimbo iyoyo.
Dzakawanda dzeidzi ganhuriro dzakaitwa navanhu dzaishanda muzuva raJesu. Nokudaro, vatungamiriri vorudzidziso vakazvidza vadzidzi vake nokuda kwokuva vakatanha hura kuti vadye sezvo vakanga vachipfuura nomuminda yezviyo. Ivo vakapomerwa mhosva yokupunza Sabata—kutanha hura kwairangarirwa sokucheka, uye kuhusukuta kwairangarirwa sokukuya kana kuti kugaya. Jesu akashurikidza mirangariro yavo yokunyanyisa panhambo dzinoverengeka, nokuti ivo vakakwenengera mudzimu womutemo waJehovha.—Mateo 12:1-8; Ruka 13:10-17; 14:1-6; Johane 5:1-16; 9:1-16.
Kubva paSabata reChitanhatu Kuenda Kune reSvondo
“MaSvondo achachengetwa nokuda kwokubatira Mwari nenzira yokuzvipira.” Wakadaro ndiwo Murairo weChina paSabata sounopiwa neChechi yeKaturike. Catéchisme pour adultes yechiFrench yakabudiswa misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi inotsanangura, kuti “Svondo rechiKristu rinochengetwa zuva rapashure peSabata: pazuva rechisere, ndiko kutaura kuti, zuva rokutanga rechisiko chitsva. Iro rinogamuchira zvinhu zvinokosha zveSabata asi rakanangidzirwa paPaseka yaKristu.” Iyi chinjo kubva pasabata reChitanhatu kuenda kune reSvondo yakaitika sei?
Kunyange zvazvo Svondo rakanga riri zuva pariri Jesu akamutswa, nokuda kwamaKristu apakuvamba rakanga riri zuva rokushanda kufanana nerimwe ripi neripi. Asi chisarudzo chakaitwa nedare rechechi yeLaodicea (pakati kusvikira kukupera kwezana ramakore rechina N.V.) chinozivisa kuti nokupfuura kwenguva, Sabata rechiJudha paChitanhatu rakatsiviwa nesabata “rechiKristu” paSvondo. Uyu mutemo “wairambidza maKristu kuita vaJudha nokuita nungo pazuva reSabata [rechiJudha], uye zuva raShe [zuva revhiki apo akamutswa] raifanira kukudzwa munzira yechiKristu.” Kuvambira ipapo zvichienda mberi vatsigiri vechiKristudhomu vaifanira kushanda paZvitanhatu ndokurega kushanda pamaSvondo. Gare gare, vaidikanirwa kupinda Misa paSvondo.
Netsigiro yezviremera zvenyika, basa pamaSvondo rakakurumidza kurambidzwa muchiKristudhomu mose. Kuvambira muzana ramakore rechitanhatu zvichienda mberi, vadariki vaibvisiswa faindi kana kuti kupfigirwa kana kuti kukwapurwa, uye madhonza avo aigona kupambwa. Paimwe nhambo, vatadzi vasingapfidzi vaigona kuderedzerwa kuurombo.
Chaizvoizvo, mitemo ine chokuita nebasa rinogamuchirika pamaSvondo yakanga yakaoma samagamuchidzanwa aidzora Sabata rechiJudha. Dictionnaire de théologie catholique inopa tsananguro refu pamusoro pokutanga kwokurangarira kwechechi chakarurama kana kuti chisakarurama uye, pakati pezvinhu zvakarambidzwa, inodudza basa rouranda, basa rapapurazi, mhaka dzapamutemo, misika, uye kuvhima.
Nenzira inosetsa, Sabata rechiJudha rakanongedzerwa kwariri sokururamisa kweizvi zvirambidzo. New Catholic Encyclopedia inodudza mitemo yaMambo Charlemagne pamusoro pamaSvondo: “Pfungwa yeSabata, inorambwa zvakajeka naSt. Jerome ndokushurikidzwa neDare reOrléans muna 538, seyechiJudha uye seisati iri yechiKristu, yakataurwa zvakajeka muchirevo chaCharlemagne cha 789, icho chakarambidza basa rose paSvondo sokupunzwa [kweMirairo Gumi].” Nokudaro, kunyange zvazvo kwakafadza chechi kuona zviremera zvehurumende zvichiisa zuva reSvondo rezororo, kwakabvumira ichi chiremera chenyika kururamisa idzi ganhuriro pahwaro hwapamutemo iyo yakaramba, ndiko kuti, mutemo waMosesi pamusoro peSabata.
Chimiro Chisiri chapaMagwaro
Mazana amakore pamberi pezvo, Madzibaba eChechi anoverengeka, uye Augustine zvikurukuru, akazivisa nenzira yakarurama kuti Sabata yakanga iri gadziriro yechinguvana yakachengeterwa vaJudha. Achiita saizvozvo, Madzibaba eChechi iwayo akangogamuchira zvawo izvo Magwaro echiGiriki echiKristu anotsanangura, ndiko kuti, kuti Sabata rutivi rukuru rwesungano yoMutemo iyo yakaparadzwa nechibairo chaJesu.—VaRoma 6:14; 7:6; 10:4; VaGaratia 3:10-14, 24, 25.
MuVocabulaire biblique yapanguva imwe cheteyo, mufundisi wePurotesitendi Oscar Cullmann anonokorwa mashoko saanobvuma kuti “nemhaka yokuti Jesu akauya, akafa, uye akamutswa, mitambo yeT[estamente] Y[ekare] zvino yakazadzikwa, uye kuichengeta ‘kunoreva kudzokera kusungano yekare, sokunge kuti Kristu haana kutongouya.’” Tarangarira iri pfundo rakanaka, kunobvira here kururamisa kuchengetwa kwokumanikidzira kweSabata?
Nhasi, vanyori veKaturike vanowanzotsvaka tsigiro pana Mabasa 20:7, iyo inotaura nezve“zuva rokutanga revhiki” (Svondo), apo Pauro akasangana neshamwari dzake kuti vagoverane zvokudya nadzo. Zvisinei, iri rakanga richingova zvaro pfundo roudzame. Hapana chinhu murugwaro irworwu kana kuti mudzimwe ndima dzeBhaibheri chinoratidzira kuti iyi nhauro yakarehwa kuva muenzaniso waifanira kuteverwa namaKristu, zvamazvirokwazvo kwete musengwa. Hungu, kuchengetwa kweSvondo hakuna tsigiro yapaMagwaro.
Izororoi Riripo nokuda kwamaKristu?
Kunyange zvazvo maKristu asingasungirwi kuchengeta zuva revhiki nevhiki rezororo, iwo kunyanguvezvo anokokwa kuchengeta zororo rorumwe rudzi. Pauro anotsanangura irori kumaKristu biyake echiJudha, achiti: “Zvino zororo resabata ravanhu vaMwari richipo. . . . naizvozvo ngatishingaire kuti tipinde muzororo iroro.” (VaHebheru 4:4-11) Ava vaJudha, vasati vava maKristu, kare vakanga vatevera Mutemo waMosesi nenzira yokungwarira sezvavaigona. Zvino Pauro akanga asati achiri kuvakurudzira kutsvaka ruponeso kupfurikidza namabasa asi panzvimbo pezvo ku“zorora” pamabasa avo akafa. Kuvambira ipapo zvichienda mberi, vaifanira kuva nokutenda muchibairo chaJesu, icho chakanga chiri mutoo bedzi rudzi rwomunhu rwaigona kuva rwakarurama mumeso aMwari.
Isu nhasi tinogona sei kuratidza rangariro imwe cheteyo nokuda kwomurangariro waMwari? Kufanana navanhu biyavo, Zvapupu zvaJehovha, savanhu vane mufungo, zvinoonga zuva rezororo revhiki nevhiki pamabasa okunyika iro rinoshanda munyika dzakawanda. Ikoku kunozvibvumira nguva yesonganiro yemhuri nezorodzo. Asi zvikurukuru, rakabvumikisa kuva nhambo yezvimwe zvirondwa zvechiKristu. (VaEfeso 5:15, 16) Izvozvi zvinobatanidza misangano nokutora rutivi muushumiri hwapachena, kushanyira vavakidzani vazvo kuzogoverana mashoko eBhaibheri pamusoro penguva iri kusvika apo rudzi rwomunhu runotenda ruchafarikanya rugare rwapasi rose. Kana iwe ungada kuziva pamusoro paikoku, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvichafara kukubetsera, ikoko kungava paChitanhatu, Svondo, kana kuti rimwe zuva ripi neripi revhiki.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]
Jesu akachengeta mutemo weSabata zvakakwana, panzvimbo pamagamuchidzanwa echiJudha
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 29]
Zvirondwa zvechiKristu zvinogovera zorodzo pamazuva ezororo pabasa rokunyika