Zvikomborero Kana Kuti Kutukwa—Pane Chisarudzo!
“Ndaisa pamberi pako upenyu norufu, [chikomborero, NW] nokutukwa; naizvozvo tsaura upenyu, kuti urarame.”—DHEUTERONOMIO 30:19.
1. Vanhu vakagoverwa simbai?
JEHOVHA MWARI akatiita—zvisikwa zvake zvakangwara zviri vanhu—kuti tive vakasununguka kuita zvatinoda. Hatina kusikwa semichiniwo zvayo, kana kuti marobhoti, asi takapiwa ropafadzo nemutoro wekuita zvisarudzo. (Pisarema 100:3) Vanhu vokutanga—Adhama naEvha—vakanga vakasununguka kusarudza zvokuita zvavo, uye vakanga vachizvidavirira kuna Mwari nokuda kwechisarudzo chavo.
2. Adhama akaita chisarudzoi, uye nemugumisiroi?
2 Musiki akagovera zvikuru nokuda kwoupenyu hwomunhu hwechikomborero chisingaperi paparadhiso yapasi. Neiko chinangwa ichocho chichigere kuitwa? Nemhaka yokuti Adhama akaita chisarudzo chisina kururama. Jehovha akanga arayira munhu, achiti: “Ungadya hako miti yose yomunda; asi muti wokuziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa usaudya; nokuti nomusi waunoudya, uchafa zvirokwazvo.” (Genesi 2:16, 17) Kudai Adhama akanga asarudza kuteerera, vabereki vedu vekutanga vangadai vakakomborerwa. Kusateerera kwakaunza rufu. (Genesi 3:6, 18, 19) Naizvozvo chivi norufu zvakapfuuridzirwa kuvose vavazukuru vaAdhama.—VaRoma 5:12.
Zvikomborero Zvakaitwa Kuti Zvive Zvinobvira
3. Mwari akagovera sei vimbiso yokuti chinangwa chake nokuda kworudzi rwomunhu chaizoitwa?
3 Jehovha Mwari akatanga mutoo uwo chinangwa chake chokukomborera rudzi rwomunhu chaizozadzika nawo pakupedzisira. Iye amene akafanotaura Mbeu, achiporofita muEdheni, kuti: “Ndichaisa ruvengo pakati pako nomukadzi, napakati porudzi rwako norudzi rwake; irwo ruchapwanya musoro wako, newe uchapwanya chitsitsinho charwo.” (Genesi 3:15) Mwari gare gare akapikira kuti zvikomborero zvaizouya kurudzi rwomunhu rwunoteerera kupfurikidza neMbeu iyi, muzukuru waAbrahama.—Genesi 22:15-18.
4. Jehovha akaita gadziriroi yokukomborera rudzi rwomunhu?
4 Mbeu iyoyo yakapikirwa yechikomborero yakabvumikisa kuva Jesu Kristu. Nezvebasa raJesu mugadziriro yaJehovha yokukomborera rudzi rwomunhu muapostora wechiKristu Pauro akanyora, kuti: “Mwari unoratidza rudo rwake kwatiri pakuti Kristu wakatifira, tichiri vatadzi.” (VaRoma 5:8) Zvikomborero zvichafarikanywa naavo verudzi rwomunhu runotadza vanoteerera Mwari ndokuzviyamura vamene nekunaka kwechibayiro chaJesu Kristu chorudzikinuro. (Mabasa 4:12) Uchasarudza kuteerera uye zvikomborero here? Kusateerera kuchaguma nechimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvikuru.
Zvakadini Nekutukwa?
5. Ndeipi iri revo yeshoko rokuti “kutukwa”?
5 Musiyano wechikomborero kutukwa. Shoko rokuti “kutukwa” rinoreva kutaura zvakaipa nezvemumwe munhu kana kuti kumushurikidza. Shoko rechiHebheru qela·lahʹ rinobva muchiito chokuvamba qa·lalʹ, rinoreva chaizvoizvo “kureruka.” Apo rinoshandiswa mupfungwa yokufananidzira, zvisinei, rinoreva ku‘tuka’ kana kuti ku‘zvidza.’—Revhitiko 20:9; 2 Samueri 19:43.
6. Chiitikoi chinobatanidza Erisha chakaitika pedyo neBhetieri yakare?
6 Rangarira muenzaniso unoshamisa wechiito chokukurumidza chaibatanidza kutukwa. Ichochi chakaitika sezvo muporofita waMwari Erisha akanga achifamba achibva Jeriko achienda kuBhetieri. Nhoroondo yacho inoti: “Akati achikwira nenzira, zvikomana zvikabuda muguta, zvikamuseka, zvikati kwaari: Iwe nyamanza, kwira, iwe nyamanza, kwira! Iye akacheuka, akavaona, akavatuka nezita raJehovha. Ipapo maperekadzi maviri akabuda mudondo, akaparadza vana vanamakumi mana navaviri vavo.” (2 Madzimambo 2:23, 24) Izvo Erisha akataura chaizvoizvo apo akatuka kupfurikidza nokuzvidza vana ivavo vaiseka hazviziviswi. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuzivisa ikoko kwakashanda nemhaka yokuti kwakataurwa muzita raJehovha kupfurikidza nomuporofita waMwari achiita mutsinhirano nekuda kwoumwari.
7. Chii chakaitika kuvana vakaseka Erisha, uye nei?
7 Chikonzero chikuru chokuseka chinoratidzika kuva chakanga chiri chokuti Erisha akanga akapfeka jasi raEria raisanozivikanwa, uye vana vacho vaisada mutsivi upi noupi wemuporofita iyeye. (2 Madzimambo 2:13) Kuti apindure denho yokuva kwake mutsivi waErija uye kuti adzidzise vanhu vaduku ava nevabereki vavo kuremekedza muporofita waJehovha kwakafanira, Erisha akatuka mhomho yaiseka muzita raMwari waEria. Jehovha akaratidzira kutendera kwake Erisha somuporofita wake kupfurikidza nokuparira maperekadzi maviri kubuda mumasango ndokuparadza 42 vavaseki ivavo. Jehovha akaita chiito nenzira yakasimba nemhaka yekushaiwa kwavo kuri pachena kuremekedza mukoto wekurukurirano waakanga achishandisa pasi pano panguva iyoyo.
8. Vanhu vaIsraeri vakabvuma kuitei, uye nekariroi?
8 Makore mazhinji ikoko kusati kwaitika, vaIsraeri vakaratidza kushaikwa kumwe cheteko kwokuremekedza gadziriro dzaMwari. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo kwakaitika nayo: Muna 1513 B.C.E., Jehovha akaratidza vanhu vaIsraeri nyasha kupfurikidza nokuvanunura muusungwa hweEgipita sokunge kuti vaiva “pamapapiro egondo.” Nokukurumidza pashure pezvo, vakavimbisa kuteerera Mwari. Cherekedza nzira iyo kuteerera kwakanga kwakabatanidzwa nayo zvisingaparadzanisiki nekuwana tendero yaMwari. Jehovha akati kupfurikidza naMosesi: “Kana mukateerera inzwi rangu nomwoyo wose, mukachengeta sungano yangu, muchava pfuma yangu chaiyo pakati pendudzi dzose, nokuti nyika ndeyangu.” Pashure pezvo, vanhu vakabvuma, vachiti: “Mashoko ose akarehwa naJehovha tichaaita.” (Eksodho 19:4, 5, 8; 24:3) VaIsraeri vakataura kuti vaida Jehovha, vakanga vakazvitsaurira kwaari, uye vakavimbisa kuteerera inzwi rake. Kuita saizvozvo kwaizoguma nezvikomborero zvikuru.
9, 10. Apo Mosesi akauya ari muGomo reSinai, vaIsraeri vakaitei, uye nemigumisiroi?
9 Nheyo dzinokosha dzechibvumirano ichocho dzisati dzanyorwa paibwe ne‘munwe waMwari,’ kunyange zvakadaro, kutuka kwoumwari kwakava kuri madikanwa. (Eksodho 31:18) Nei migumisiro ine ngwavaira yakadaro yakanga yakafanirwa? VaIsraeri vakanga vasina kuratidzira here chishuvo chokuita zvose izvo Jehovha akanga ataura? Hungu, mushoko vakatsvaka zvikomborero, asi kupfurikidza nezviito zvavo vakasarudza nzira yaifanirwa nekutukwa.
10 Mukati menhambo yamazuva 40 apo Mosesi akanga ari paGomo reSinai achigamuchira Mirayiro Gumi, vaIsraeri vakaputsa vimbiso yavo yapakuvamba yokuvimbika kuna Jehovha. “Zvino,” nhoroondo yacho inodaro, “vanhu vakati vachiona kuti Mosesi wononoka kuburuka mugomo, vakaungana kuna Aroni, vakati kwaari: Simuka, utiitire vamwari vangatitungamirira, nokuti kana ari Mosesi uyu, uya munhu wakatibudisa munyika yeEgipita, hatizivi chakaitika naye.” (Eksodho 32:1) Uyu mumwe muenzaniso wechimiro chendangariro chokusaremekedza chakaratidzirwa kuchishandiso chiri munhu icho Jehovha akanga achishandisa panguvayo kutungamirira vanhu vake. VaIsraeri vakanyengerwa kuti vatevedzere kunamata zvidhori kweEgipita uye vakakohwa migumisiro inotyisa apo 3 000 vavo vakaurawa nomunondo muzuva rimwe.—Eksodho 32:2-6, 25-29.
Kuziviswa Kwezvikomborero Nekutukwa
11. Mirayiridzoi ine chokuita nezvikomborero nekutukwa yakaitwa naJoshua?
11 Pedyo nemugumo werwendo rwaIsraeri rwamakore 40 murenje, Mosesi akarondedzera zvikomborero zvaizokohwewa kupfurikidza nokusarudza nzira yokuteerera Mwari. Akadudzawo kutukwa uko vaIsraeri vaizotambura kudai vaisarudza kusateerera Jehovha. (Dheuteronomio 27:11–28:10) Nokukurumidza pashure pokunge Israeri apinda muNyika Yakapikirwa, Joshua akaita mirayiridzo yaMosesi yaibatanidza zvikomborero izvi nekutukwa. Ndudzi nhanhatu dzaIsraeri dzakamira mujinga meGomo reEbhari, uye dzimwe nhanhatu dzakamira pamberi peGomo reGerizimi. VaRevhi vakanga vakamira mumupata waiva pakati. Sezviri pachena, ndudzi dzakanga dzakamira pamberi peGomo reEbhari dzakati “Ameni” kukutukwa, kana kuti shurikidzo, zvairavirwa ikoko. Vamwe vakapindura zvikomborero izvo vaRevhi vakavaravira pajinga reGomo reGerizimi.—Joshua 8:30-35.
12. Ndekupi kwakanga kuri kumwe kwekutuka kwakaziviswa navaRevhi?
12 Fungidzira kuti unonzwa vaRevhi vachiti: “Ngaatukwe munhu unoita mufananidzo wakavezwa, kana wakaumbwa, unonyangadza Jehovha, riri basa ramaoko emhizha, achiumisa pakavanda. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unozvidza baba vake namai vake. . . .Ngaatukwe munhu unoshandura muganho wehama yake. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unotsausa bofu panzira. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unotongera mutorwa nenherera nechirikadzi zvisakarurama. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unovata nomukadzi wababa vake, nokuti wafukura nhere yababa vake. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unovata nemhuka ipi neipi. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unovata nehanzvadzi yake, kana nomwanasikana wababa vake, kana nomwanasikana wamai vake. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unovata namai vomukadzi wake. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unorova wokwake pakavanda. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu unogamuchira fufuro kuti auraye mumwe usina mhosva. . . . Ngaatukwe munhu usingasimbise mashoko omurayiro uyu, nokuaita. Zvino vanhu vose vanofanira kuti: Ameni.” Pashure pokutuka kumwe nokumwe, ndudzi dzaiva pamberi peGomo reEbhari dzinoti, “Ameni.”—Dheuteronomio 27:15-26.
13. Mumashoko ako umene, ungataura sei zvikomborero zvakati izvo vaRevhi vakazivisa?
13 Zvino fungidzira kuti unonzwa avo vari pamberi peGomo reGerizimi vachipindura chikomborero chimwe nechimwe sezvo vaRevhi vanodanidzira: “Ucharopafadzwa muguta, ucharopafadzwa mumunda. Zvibereko zvomuviri wako, nezvibereko zvevhu rako, nezvibereko zvemombe dzako, nezvibereko zvemhou dzako, namakwaiana amakwai ako, zvicharopafadzwa. Dengu rako, nomudziyo wako wokukanyira chingwa, zvicharopafadzwa. Ucharopafadzwa kana uchipinda, ucharopafadzwa kana uchibuda.”—Dheuteronomio 28:3-6.
14. VaIsraeri vaizogamuchira zvikomborero pahwaroi?
14 Ndehupi hwakanga huri hwaro hwokugamuchira zvikomborero izvozvi? Nhoroondo yacho inoti: “Kana uchiteerera zvakanaka inzwi raJehovha Mwari wako, nokuchenjera kuita mirayiro yake yose, yandinokurayirai nhasi, Jehovha Mwari wako uchakukurisa kupfuura ndudzi dzose dziri panyika. Kuropafadzwa uku kwose kuchaitika kwauri, uchatevererwa nako, kana uchiteerera inzwi raJehovha Mwari wako.” (Dheuteronomio 28:1, 2) Hungu, chaikosha kukufarikanya zvikomborero zvoumwari chakanga chiri kuteerera Mwari. Asi zvakadini nesu nhasi? Isu somumwe nomumwe tichasarudza zvikomborero neupenyu kupfurikidza nokupfuurira ku“teerera zvakanaka inzwi raJehovha” here?—Dheuteronomio 30:19, 20.
Kusanonzvera
15. Ipfundoi rakaitwa muchikomborero chakanyorwa pana Dheuteronomio 28:3, uye tinogona sei kubetserwa naro?
15 Ngatirangarirei zvikomborero zvakati izvo muIsraeri aigona kufarikanya nokuda kwokuteerera Jehovha. Somuenzaniso, Dheuteronomio 28:3 inoti: “Ucharopafadzwa muguta, ucharopafadzwa mumunda.” Kukomborerwa naMwari hakutsamiri panzvimbo kana kuti mugove. Vamwe vanganzwa vaomerwa mumamiriro avo ezvinhu, zvichida nemhaka yokuti vanogara munharaunda ine urombo kana kuti munyika yakasakadzwa nehondo. Vamwe vangashuva kubatira Jehovha munzvimbo yakasiyana. Vamwe varume vechiKristu vangaodzwa mwoyo nemhaka yokuti havana kugadzwa savabatiri vanoshumira kana kuti savakuru muungano. Padzimwe nguva, vakadzi vechiKristu vanonzwa vaodzwa mwoyo nemhaka yokuti havakwanisi kupinda muushumiri hwenguva yakazara samapiyona kana kuti savafundisi. Bva, munhu ari wose uyo ano‘teerera inzwi raJehovha ndokuita nokungwarira zvose zvaanoda’ achakomborerwa zvino uye nokusingagumi kwose.
16. Nheyo yaDheuteronomio 28:4 iri kuwanwa sei nesangano raJehovha nhasi?
16 Dheuteronomio 28:4 inoti: “Zvibereko zvomuviri wako, nezvibereko zvevhu rako, nezvibereko zvemombe dzako, nezvibereko zvemhou dzako, namakwayana amakwai ako, zvicharopafadzwa.” Kushandiswa kwechisazitasingwi chechiHebheru chinoreva munhu mumwe icho chakashandurwa kuti “ako” chinoratidzira kuti ikoku kwaizova chiitiko chomunhu oga chomuIsraeri aiteerera. Zvakadini navabatiri vaJehovha vanoteerera nhasi? Wedzero yemunyika yose nekukura zviri kuitika musangano reZvapupu zvaJehovha mugumisiro wechikomborero chaMwari panhamburiko dzapachokwadi dzavazivisi vemashoko akanaka oUmambo vanopfuura 5 000 000. (Marko 13:10) Uye bviro yewedzero huru zvikuru inooneka nemhaka yokuti vanopfuura 13 000 000 vakapinda kuchengetwa kwa1995 kweChirariro chaShe. Uri kufarikanya zvikomborero zvoUmambo here?
Chisarudzo chaIsraeri Chakaita Musiyano
17. ‘Kuwirwa’ nezvikomborero kana kuti nekutukwa kwaitsamira pachii?
17 Chaizvoizvo, zvikomborero zvaizoronda muIsraeri aiteerera. Kwakapikirwa, kuti: “Kuropafadzwa uku kwose kuchaitika kwauri, uchatevererwa nako.” (Dheuteronomio 28:2) Nenzira yakafanana, kwakanzi nezvekutukwa: “Kutukwa uku kwose kuchaitika kwauri, uchatevererwa nako.” (Dheuteronomio 28:15) Kudai wakanga uri muIsraeri wenguva dzakare, waizodai waka‘wirwa’ nezvikomborero kana kuti nekutukwa here? Ikoko kwaizodai kwakatsamira pakuti waiteerera Mwari here kana kuti waisamuteerera.
18. VaIsraeri vaigona sei kuve vakadzivisa kutukwa?
18 Pana Dheuteronomio 28:15-68, migumisiro inorwadza yekusateerera inoziviswa sekutukwa. Kumwe imhesano chaiyoiyo yezvikomborero zvokuteerera zvinodudzwa pana Dheuteronomio 28:3-14. Kazhinji kazhinji, vanhu vaIsraeri vakakohwa migumisiro yakakomba yekutukwa nemhaka yokuti vakasarudza kupinda mukunamata kwenhema. (Ezra 9:7; Jeremia 6:6-8; 44:2-6) Kunosuruvarisa sei! Migumisiro yakadaro yaigona kuve yakadziviswa kupfurikidza nokuita chisarudzo chakarurama, chiya chokuteerera mitemo nenheyo zvaJehovha zvakanaka, izvo zvinorondedzera zvakajeka zvakanaka nezvakashata. Vazhinji nhasi vanotambura marwadzo nengwavaira nemhaka yokuti vakasarudza kuita mukupesana nenheyo dzeBhaibheri kupfurikidza nokushandisa rudzidziso rwenhema, kupinda muutere, kushandisa mirimo isiri pamutemo, kunyanyonwisa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, zvichingodaro. Somuna Israeri naJudha wakare, kuita zvisarudzo zvakashata zvakadaro kunoguma nekusatendera kwoumwari uye marwadzo omwoyo asiri madikanwa.—Isaya 65:12-14.
19. Rondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu akafarikanywa apo Judha naIsraeri vakasarudza kuteerera Jehovha.
19 Zvikomborero zvaiva zvizhinji uye runyararo rwaipararira bedzi apo Israeri aiteerera Jehovha. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro pemazuva aMambo Soromoni, tinorava, kuti: “VaJudha navaIsraeri vakanga vari vazhinji, vakanga vakawanda sejecha pagungwa, vakadya, vakanwa, vakafara. . . . VaJudha navaIsraeri vakanga vagere zvakanaka, mumwe nomumwe pasi pomuzambiringa wake napasi pomuonde wake, kubva paDhani kusvikira paBheeri-shebha, mazuva ose aSoromoni.” (1 Madzimambo 4:20-25) Kunyange munguva yaMambo Dhavhidhi, iyo yaizivikanwa nechishoro chizhinji chaibva kuvavengi vaMwari, rudzi rwacho rwakanzwa tsigiro yaJehovha nechikomborero apo vakasarudza kuteerera Mwari wezvokwadi.—2 Samueri 7:28, 29; 8:1-15.
20. Mwari ane chivimbo chei pamusoro pavanhu?
20 Uchateerera Mwari, kana kuti hausati uchizomuteerera here? VaIsraeri vakanga vane chisarudzo. Kunyange zvazvo tose zvedu takagara nhaka chimiro chendangariro chekutadza kuna Adhama, takagamuchirawo chipo chekuzvisarudzira. Pasinei zvapo naSatani, nyika ino yakaipa, uye makusakwana edu, tinogona kuita chisarudzo chakarurama. Uyezve, Musiki wedu ane chivimbo chokuti mukutarisana nemuedzo uri wose, kuchava naavo vanoita chisarudzo chakanaka, kwete bedzi mushoko asiwo muchiito. (1 Petro 5:8-10) Uchava pakati pavo here?
21. Chii chichanzverwa munyaya inotevera?
21 Munyaya inotevera, tichakwanisa kunzvera zvimiro zvedu zvendangariro nezviito nebetsero yemienzaniso yomunguva yakapfuura. Mumwe nomumwe wedu ngaapindure nekuonga mashoko aMwari kupfurikidza naMosesi, okuti: “Ndinodana kudenga napasi kukupupurirai nhasi, kuti ndaisa pamberi pako upenyu norufu, [chikomborero, NW], nokutukwa; naizvozvo tsaura upenyu, kuti urarame.”—Dheuteronomio 30:19.
Ungapindura Sei?
◻ Jehovha akaita kuti zvikomborero zvive zvinobvira sei nokuda kwavanhu vanotadza?
◻ Kutukwa chii?
◻ VaIsraeri vaigona sei kuva vakagamuchira zvikomborero panzvimbo pekutukwa?
◻ Israeri akafarikanya zvikomboreroi nokuda kwokuteerera Mwari?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]
VaIsraeri vakaungana pamberipeGomo reGerizimi neGomo reEbhari
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.