Jerusarema—“Guta raMambo Mukuru”
“Musatongopika . . . neJerusarema, nokuti ndiro guta raMambo mukuru.”—MATEO 5:34, 35.
1, 2. Chii chingashamisa vamwe pamusoro peJerusarema?
JERUSAREMA—zita racho pacharo rinomutsa ndangariro dzisingafadzi muvanhu vezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana. Chaizvoizvo, hapana nomumwe wedu anogona kutaura kuti haanei neguta iri rakare, sezvo richigarotaurwa munhau. Zvisinei, nenzira inosuruvarisa, mishumo yakawanda inozivisa kuti Jerusarema inzvimbo inongogara isina rugare.
2 Izvi zvingashamisa vamwe varavi veBhaibheri. Munguva yakapfuura zita reJerusarema rokudimburira raiva Saremi, zvinoreva kuti “rugare.” (Genesi 14:18; Pisarema 76:2; VaHebheru 7:1, 2) Naizvozvo ungashamisika kuti, ‘Nei mumakumi amakore apfuura guta rine zita iri rave risina rugare kudaro?’
3. Mashoko akavimbika pamusoro peJerusarema tingaawanepi?
3 Kuti tipindure mubvunzo iwoyo, tinofanira kudzokera shure kunhau dzakaitika kare ndokudzidza nezveJerusarema renguva dzakare. Asi vamwe vangafunga kuti, ‘Hatina nguva yokudzidza nezvenhau dzakaitika kare.’ Zvisinei, kunyatsoziva nhau yapakuvamba yeJerusarema kunokosha zvikuru kwatiri tose. Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti chikonzero nei mumashoko aya: “Zvose zvakanyorwa kare, zvakanyorwa kuti isu tidzidze kuti tive netariro inobva pakutsungirira napakunyaradza kwaMagwaro.” (VaRoma 15:4) Zivo yeBhaibheri pamusoro peJerusarema inogona kutinyaradza—hungu, kutipa tariro yorugare, kwete bedzi muguta iroro asi mupasi rose.
Nzvimbo ye“Chigaro Choushe chaJehovha”
4, 5. Dhavhidhi akabatanidzwa sei mukubetsera Jerusarema kuita basa rinokosha mukuita chinangwa chaMwari?
4 Muzana ramakore rechi11 B.C.E., Jerusarema rakakurumbira munyika seguta guru rerudzi rwakachengeteka norune rugare. Jehovha Mwari akaita kuti jaya rinonzi Dhavhidhi rizodzwe samambo wenyika iyoyo yekare—Israeri. Sezvo chigaro chehurumende chaiva muJerusarema, Dhavhidhi navazukuru vake voumambo vakasvika pakugara “pachigaro choushe chaJehovha,” kana kuti “chigaro chaJehovha.”—1 Makoronike 28:5; 29:23.
5 Murume aitya Mwari Dhavhidhi—muIsraeri wedzinza raJudha—akatora Jerusarema kubva kuvaJebhusi vainamata zvidhori. Panguva iyoyo guta racho raingova mugomo rainzi Zioni, asi zita iroro rakazova rakafanana neJerusarema pacharo. Pashure penguva yakati, Dhavhidhi akaita kuti areka yesungano yaMwari naIsraeri itamisirwe kuJerusarema, kwayakanogara mutendi. Makore akawanda izvi zvisati zvaitika Mwari akanga ataura nomuporofita wake Mosesi ari mugore pamusoro peAreka iyoyo inoyera. (Eksodho 25:1, 21, 22; Revhitiko 16:2; 1 Makoronike 15:1-3) Areka yaimirira kuvapo kwaMwari, nokuti Jehovha akanga ari Mambo waIsraeri chaiyeiye. Naizvozvo, zvinogona kunzi Jehovha Mwari aitonga ari muguta reJerusarema mupfungwa mbiri.
6. Jehovha akavimbisa chii pamusoro paDhavhidhi neJerusarema?
6 Jehovha akavimbisa Dhavhidhi kuti umambo hweimba yake youmambo, hwaimirirwa neZioni, kana kuti Jerusarema, hwaisazoguma. Izvi zvaireva kuti muzukuru waDhavhidhi aizogara nhaka kodzero yokutonga nokusingaperi soWakazodzwa waMwari—Mesiya, kana kuti Kristu.a (Pisarema 132:11-14; Ruka 1:31-33) Bhaibheri rinozivisawo kuti uyu mugari wenhaka wechigarire we“chigaro chaJehovha” aizotonga marudzi ose, kwete Jerusarema chete.—Pisarema 2:6-8; Dhanieri 7:13, 14.
7. Mambo Dhavhidhi akatsigira sei kunamata kwakachena?
7 Kuedza kubvisa wakazodzwa waMwari pachigaro, Mambo Dhavhidhi, kwakaratidza kuva kusingashandi. Panzvimbo pezvo, marudzi omuvengi akakundwa, uye miganhu yeNyika Yakapikirwa yakawedzerwa kusvikira kwayakagumiswa naMwari. Dhavhidhi akashandisa mamiriro aya ezvinhu kuti atsigire kunamata kwakachena. Uye mapisarema aDhavhidhi akawanda anorumbidza Jehovha saMambo chaiyeiye weZioni.—2 Samueri 8:1-15; Pisarema 9:1, 11; 24:1, 3, 7-10; 65:1, 2; 68:1, 24, 29; 110:1, 2; 122:1-4.
8, 9. Kunamata kwechokwadi muJerusarema kwakawedzera sei nguva yokutonga kwaMambo Soromoni?
8 Munguva yokutonga kwomwanakomana waDhavhidhi Soromoni, kunamata Jehovha kwakakura zvikuru. Soromoni akawedzera Jerusarema nechokuchamhembe kuti ribatanidze gomo reMoria (nharaunda yeDome of the Rock yanhasi). Panzvimbo iyi yakakwirira, akava neropafadzo yokuvaka temberi yakaisvonaka kuti Jehovha arumbidzwe. Areka yesungano yakaiswa muNzvimbo Tsvene-tsvene yetemberi iyoyo.—1 Madzimambo 6:1-38.
9 Rudzi rwaIsraeri rwakafadzwa nokuva norugare sezvarwakatsigira kunamata Jehovha nomwoyo wose, kwaiitirwa muJerusarema. Rwuchirondedzera aya mamiriro ezvinhu zvakaisvonaka, Rugwaro rwunoti: “VaJudha navaIsraeri vakanga vari vazhinji, vakanga vakawanda sejecha pagungwa, vakadya, vakanwa, vakafara. . . . [Soromoni] akava norugare kunhivi dzose dzakanga dzakamupoteredza. VaJudha navaIsraeri vakanga vagere zvakanaka, mumwe nomumwe pasi pomuzambiringa wake napasi pomuonde wake.”—1 Madzimambo 4:20, 24, 25.
10, 11. Vanochera matongo vanosimbisa sei zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri pamusoro peJerusarema pakatonga Soromoni?
10 Zvakawanwa nevanochera matongo zvinotsigira nhoroondo iyi yokutonga kwaSoromoni kwakabudirira. Mubhuku rake rinonzi The Archaeology of the Land of Israel, Purofesa Yohanan Aharoni anoti: “Pfuma yaiyerera ichipinda muvazhe dzoumambo ichibva kumativi ose, uye zvokutengeserana zvaibudirira . . . zvakaita kuti mativi ose etsika yezvokunyama achinje zvinooneka uye nokukurumidza. . . . Kuchinja kwetsika yezvinhu zvenyama . . . kunooneka kwete bedzi muzvinhu zvoumbozha asiwo zvikurukuru muzviumbwa. . . . Kunaka kwezviumbwa zvacho zvevhu nokupiswa kwazvo kwakavandudzika zvikuru.”
11 Nenzira yakafanana, Jerry M. Landay akanyora kuti: “Soromoni achitonga, tsika yezvinhu zvenyama yevaIsraeri yakakura zvikuru mumakore makumi matatu kupfuura zvayakanga yaita mumakore mazana maviri akanga apfuura. Munzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinowanwa zvaSoromoni navanochera matongo tinowana zvisaririra zvezvivako zvakatanhamara, maguta makuru ane masvingo makuru, kukura kwenzvimbo dzokugara nezvivako zvakanyatsovakwa zvavakabudirira, kuvandudzika kukuru mune mukufambira mberi kwomuumbi nemiitiro yake yokuumba. Tinowanawo kuti, zvisaririra zvezvinhu zvinomirira zvinhu zvaigadzirwa munzvimbo dziri kure, zviratidzo zvekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda nebasa.”—The House of David.
Kubva Murugare Kuenda Kudongo
12, 13. Kunamata kwechokwadi hakuna kuramba kuchitsigirwa muJerusarema sei?
12 Rugare nokubudirira kweJerusarema, guta raiva nenzvimbo yaJehovha inoyera, zvakanga zviri nhau yakafanira kunyengeterera. Dhavhidhi akanyora kuti: “Kumbirirai Jerusarema rugare; vanokudai, vachakomborerwa. Rugare ngaruve mukati mamasvingo ako, nokufarikana mukati medzimba dzako dzoushe. Nokuda kwehama dzangu neshamwari dzangu, ndichati zvino: Rugare ngaruve mukati mako.” (Pisarema 122:6-8) Kunyange zvazvo Soromoni akaropafadzwa kuti avake temberi yakaisvonaka muguta iroro raiva nerugare, akazoguma aroora vakadzi vakawanda vechihedheni. Akwegura, vakamunyengedza kuti atsigire kunamata vanamwari venhema vezuva iroro. Kuramba kutenda uku kwakaodza rudzi rwose, kuchirubvisira irwo navagari vemo rugare rwechokwadi.—1 Madzimambo 11:1-8; 14:21-24.
13 Pakuvamba kwokutonga kwomwanakomana waSoromoni Rehobhoami, ndudzi gumi dzakapanduka uye dzakaumba umambo hwokuchamhembe hwaIsraeri. Nemhaka yokunamata kwavo zvidhori, Mwari akabvumira kuti umambo ihwohwo hukurirwe navaAsiria. (1 Madzimambo 12:16-30) Umambo hwaJudha hwendudzi mbiri hwokumaodzanyemba hwakaramba huri muJerusarema. Asi pashure penguva yakati ivowo vakarega kunamata kwechokwadi, naizvozvo Mwari akabvumira guta racho rakanga ratsauka kuti riparadzwe navaBhabhironi muna 607 B.C.E. Kwamakore 70 nhapwa dzechiJudha dzakatambura savaranda muBhabhironi. Ipapo, nengoni dzaMwari, vakabvumirwa kudzokera kuJerusarema ndokutangazve kunamata kwechokwadi.—2 Makoronike 36:15-21.
14, 15. Jerusarema rakawanazve sei basa rinokosha pashure poutapwa hwokuBhabhironi, asi chii chakachinja?
14 Kwapera makore 70 zviri matongo, zvivako zvakaparadzwa zvinofanira kuva zvakanga zvamera uswa. Rusvingo rweJerusarema rwakawa, paimbova namasuo neshongwe pachisara nzvimbo dzakakura. Asi, vaJudha vakanga vari kudzoka vakashinga. Vakavaka artari panzvimbo yaimbova netemberi ndokutanga kupisira Jehovha zvipiriso zuva nezuva.
15 Uku kwakanga kuri kutanga kune tariro, asi Jerusarema iroro rakanga ravakwazve raisazombofazve rakava guta guru roumambo hunotongwa nomuzukuru waMambo Dhavhidhi. Panzvimbo pezvo, vaJudha vakatongwa nomutongi akagadzwa navakanga vakunda Bhabhironi uye vaifanira kuripa mitero kuvanatenzi vavo vechiPersia. (Nehemia 9:34-37) Kunyange zvazvo raiva raka“tsikwa,” Jerusarema rakanga richiri guta rimwe raidiwa zvikuru naJehovha Mwari mupasi rose. (Ruka 21:24) Somusimboti wokunamata kwakachena, raimirirawo kodzero yaMwari yokushandisa uchangamire hwake pasi pano kupfurikidza nomuzukuru waMambo Dhavhidhi.
Kushorwa Navavakidzani Vezvitendero Zvenhema
16. Nei vaJudha vakadzoka vachibva kuBhabhironi vakarega kuvakazve Jerusarema?
16 Nenguva isipi vaJudha vakanga vadzoka kuJerusarema vachibva kuutapwa vakavaka fandesheni yetemberi itsva. Asi vavakidzani vainamata zvitendero zvenhema vakatumira tsamba yokuchera kuna Mambo Artashasta wePersia, vachitaura kuti vaJudha vaizopanduka. Zvadaro, Artashasta akarambidza kupfuurira kuvaka muJerusarema. Ungafungidzira kuti kudai waigara muguta racho kare ikoko, waizodai wakashamisika kuti chii chaizoitika kwariri munguva yemberi. Zvakazoitika ndezvokuti, vaJudha vakarega kuvaka temberi uye vakanyura mukuronda zvinhu zvavo pachavo zvokunyama.—Ezra 4:11-24; Hagai 1:2-6.
17, 18. Jehovha akashandisa mitoo ipi kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti Jerusarema ravakwazve?
17 Makore anenge 17 vadzoka, Mwari akamutsa vaporofita Hagai naZekaria kuti varuramise kufunga kwavanhu vake. Vasundwa kuti vapfidze, vaJudha vakatangazve kuvaka temberi. Panguva iyi, Dhariusi akanga ava mambo wePersia. Akasimbisa murayiro waMambo Koreshi wokuti temberi yeJerusarema ivakwezve. Dhariusi akatumira tsamba kuvavakidzani vevaJudha, achivanyevera kuti ‘varambire kure neJerusarema’ uye akatsigira nemari inobva pamutero wamambo kuitira kuti basa rokuvaka rigopedzwa.—Ezra 6:1-13.
18 VaJudha vakapedza temberi mugore rechi22 rokudzoka kwavo. Unogona kunzwisisa kuti chiitiko chinokosha ichi chaizova chinhu chokupemberera nokufara kukuru. Asi, Jerusarema nemasvingo aro rakanga richiri matongo chaiwo. Guta racho rakatarisirwa zvakanaka “pamazuva aNehemia mubati, nomupristi Ezra munyori.” (Nehemia 12:26, 27) Saka, pakazopera zana ramakore rechishanu B.C.E., Jerusarema rakanga ranyatsopera kuvakwazve seguta guru renyika yekare.
Mesiya Anooneka!
19. Mesiya akabvuma sei nzvimbo yakasiyana yeJerusarema?
19 Naizvozvo, ngatiyambukirei kuchiitiko chinokosha zvikuru mamwe mazana amakore mberi, kuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu. Ngirozi yaJehovha Mwari yakanga yaudza mai vaJesu vaiva mhandara kuti: “[Jehovha] Mwari uchamupa chigaro choushe chababa vake Dhavhidhi, . . . noushe hwake hahungavi nomugumo.” (Ruka 1:32, 33) Makore akati wandei gare gare, Jesu akapa Mharidzo yake yakakurumbira paGomo. Mairi, akakurudzira nokupa zano panhau dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, akakurudzira vateereri vake kuti vaite mhiko dzavo kuna Mwari asi vangwarire kungopika-pika vasingarevesi. Jesu akati: “Makanzwawo kuti zvakanzi kuna vekare: Usapika nhema, asi uripire Ishe pawakapika napo. Asi ini ndinoti kwamuri: Musatongopika, kana nokudenga, nokuti ndicho chigaro choushe chaMwari; kana nenyika, nokuti ndicho chitsiko chetsoka dzake; kana neJerusarema, nokuti ndiro guta raMambo mukuru.” (Mateo 5:33-35) Zvinofadza kuti Jesu akabvuma nzvimbo inoshamisa yeJerusarema—rayakanga rafadzwa nokuva nayo kwamazana amakore. Hungu, rakanga riri “guta raMambo mukuru,” Jehovha Mwari.
20, 21. Vakawanda vaigara muJerusarema vakachinja mafungiro avo zvinoshamisa sei?
20 Upenyu hwake hwapasi pano hwava kuzonopera, Jesu akazvizivisa kuvagari vomuJerusarema saMambo wavo akazodzwa zvakafanira. Vachipindura chiitiko ichocho chinofadza, vakawanda vakadanidzira nomufaro vachiti: “Ngaakudzwe iye unouya muzita raShe! Ngahukudzwe ushe hwaBaba vedu Dhavhidhi, hunouya!”—Marko 11:1-10; Johane 12:12-15.
21 Zvisinei, vhiki isati yakwana, mapoka acho akabvumira vatungamiriri vezvitendero veJerusarema kuti vaaite kuti apandukire Jesu. Akanyevera kuti guta reJerusarema norudzi rwose rwaizorasikirwa nenzvimbo yarwo yakanaka pamberi paMwari. (Mateo 21:23, 33-45; 22:1-7) Somuenzaniso, Jesu akazivisa kuti: “Jerusarema! Jerusarema! Iwe unouraya vaprofita, nokutaka namabwe avo vakatumwa kwauri! Ndakanga ndichida kazhinji sei kuunganidza vana vako, semhambo inounganidza hukwana dzayo munyasi mamapapiro ayo, mukaramba! Tarirai, masiyirwa imba yenyu rava dongo.” (Mateo 23:37, 38) Panguva yePaseka muna 33 C.E., vashori vaJesu vakaita kuti aurayirwe kunze kweJerusarema nenzira isina kururama. Kunyange zvakadaro, Jehovha akamutsa Wakazodzwa wake ndokumurumbidza noupenyu hwomudzimu hwokusafa muZioni rokudenga, chinhu chatinogona kubetserwa nacho tose zvedu chakaitwa.—Mabasa 2:32-36.
22. Pashure pokufa kwaJesu, zvakawanda zvaitaura nezveJerusarema zvakarevei?
22 Kubvira panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, uporofita hwakawanda husina kuitika pamusoro peZioni, kana kuti Jerusarema, hunogona kunzwisiswa sohunoshanda kugadziriro dzokudenga kana kuti kuvateveri vaJesu vakazodzwa. (Pisarema 2:6-8; 110:1-4; Isaya 2:2-4; 65:17, 18; Zekaria 12:3; 14:12, 16, 17) Zvakawanda zvinotaura nezve“Jerusarema” kana kuti “Zioni” zvakanyorwa pashure pokufa kwaJesu sezviri pachena zvine pfungwa yokufananidzira uye hazvishandi kuguta chairoiro kana kuti nzvimbo. (VaGaratia 4:26; VaHebheru 12:22; 1 Petro 2:6; Zvakazarurwa 3:12; 14:1; 21:2, 10) Uchapupu hwokupedzisira hwokuti Jerusarema rakanga risisiri “guta raMambo mukuru” hwakauya muna 70 C.E. mauto eRoma paakariparadza, sezvakaporofitwa naDhanieri naJesu Kristu. (Dhanieri 9:26; Ruka 19:41-44) Vanyori veBhaibheri kana kuti Jesu pachake havana kufanotaura nezvokutangwazve kweJerusarema rapasi pano gare gare nemhaka yenyasha dzaJehovha Mwari dzarakambofadzwa nokuva nadzo.—VaGaratia 4:25; VaHebheru 13:14.
Kuravira Rugare Rwechigarire
23. Nei tichiri kufanira kuda kunzwa nezveJerusarema?
23 Munhu haagoni kuramba kuti guta racho rakaita maererano nezvinoreva zita raro—“Nzvimbo [kana kuti Fandesheni] Yorugare Rwakapetwa” kana achinge ahwirudzura nhau yeJerusarema rapakuvamba—munguva yokutonga kune rugare kwaMambo Soromoni. Nepo, ikoko kwaingova kuravira bedzi rugare nokubudirira zvichakurumidza kufadza vanhu vanoda Mwari avo vachararama pano pasi pachinjwa kuva paradhiso.—Ruka 23:43.
24. Tingadzidzei mumamiriro ezvinhu aiva panguva yakatonga Soromoni?
24 Pisarema rechi72 rinoratidzira mamiriro aiva akaita zvinhu munguva yokutonga kwaMambo Soromoni. Asi rwiyo irworwo rwakaisvonaka nderwouporofita hwezvikomborero zvavanhu mukutonga kwokudenga kwaMesiya, Jesu Kristu. Munyori wepisarema akaimba nezvake kuti: “Nemisi yake wakarurama uchakura zvakanaka; rugare rwakawanda rwuchavapo, kusvikira mwedzi waguma. . . . Ucharwira mushayiwi kana achidanidzira; nomurombo usina mubatsiri. Uchanzwira nyasha murombo nomushayiwi, uchaponesa mweya yavashayiwi. Uchadzikinura mweya yavo pakutambudzika napakumanikidzwa; ropa ravo richava chinhu chinokosha pamberi pake. Kuchava nezviyo zvizhinji pasi pamusoro pamakomo.”—Pisarema 72:7, 8, 12-14, 16.
25. Nei tichifanira kuda kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peJerusarema?
25 Mashoko iwayo anonyaradza nokupa tariro zvakadini vanhu vanoda Mwari vomuJerusarema kana kuti kune imwe nzvimbo pasi pano! Unogona kuva pakati peavo vachafadzwa norugare rwepasi rose muUmambo hwaMesiya waMwari. Kuziva nezveJerusarema romunguva yakapfuura kunogona kutibetsera kunzwisisa chinangwa chaMwari nokuda kwavanhu. Nyaya dzinotevera dzichanyanyotaura nezvezviitiko zvakaitika mumakumi amakore echinomwe neechisere pashure pokunge vaJudha vadzoka kubva kuutapwa hweBhabhironi. Izvi zvinonyaradza vose vanoshuva kunamata Jehovha Mwari zvinogamuchirika, Mambo Mukuru.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Mazita okuremekedza “Mesiya” (rakabva mushoko rechiHebheru) na“Kristu” (rakabva muchiGiriki) ose ari maviri anoreva kuti “Wakazodzwa.”
Unoyeuka Here?
◻ Jerusarema rakazova sei nzvimbo ye“chigaro choushe chaJehovha”?
◻ Ibasa ripi rinokosha rakaitwa naSoromoni mukufambisira mberi kunamata kwechokwadi?
◻ Tinoziva sei kuti Jerusarema rakarega kuva musimboti wokunamata Jehovha?
◻ Nei tichifarira kudzidza zvakawanda nezveJerusarema?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 10]
Guta raDhavhidhi rakanga riri pamuganhu wokumaodzanyemba, asi Soromoni akawedzera guta racho nechokuchamhembe ndokuvaka temberi
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.