Jehovha ndiMwari Wesungano
“Ndichaita sungano itsva neimba yaIsraeri, uye neimba yaJudha.”—JEREMIA 31:31.
1, 2. (a) Jesu akatanga kuchengetai pausiku hwaNisani 14, 33 C.E.? (b) Isungano ipi iyo Jesu akanongedzera kwairi maererano norufu rwake?
PAUSIKU hwaNisani 14, 33 C.E., Jesu akachengeta Paseka nevaapostora vake 12. Sezvaaiziva kuti ichi chaizova chidyo chake chokupedzisira navo uye kuti aizokurumidza kuurawa navavengi vake, Jesu akashandisa nhambo yacho kuti atsanangure nhau dzakawanda dzinokosha kuvadzidzi vake vapedyo zvikurusa.—Johane 13:1–17:26.
2 Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo, pashure pokudzinga Judhasi Iskarioti, Jesu akatanga kuchengetwa kwegore negore bedzi kworudzidziso kwakarayirwa vaKristu—Chirangaridzo chorufu rwake. Chinyorwa chacho chinoti: “Vakati vodya, Jesu akatora chingwa, akachiropafadza, akachimedura, ndokupa vadzidzi vake, achiti kwavari: Torai, mudye; ichi ndiwo muviri wangu. Akatora mukombe, akaonga, akavapa, achiti: Inwai mose pauri. Nokuti ichi iropa rangu resungano itsva, rakadururirwa vazhinji kuti vakanganwirwe zvivi.” (Mateo 26:26-28) Vateveri vaJesu vaifanira kurangarira rufu rwake nomutoo wakapfava, une chiremera. Uye Jesu akanongedzera kusungano ine chokuita norufu rwake. Munhoroondo yaRuka, inonzi “sungano itsva.”—Ruka 22:20.
3. Ndeipi mibvunzo inobvunzwa pamusoro pesungano itsva?
3 Sungano itsva chii? Kana iri sungano itsva, zvinoreva here kuti pane sungano yekare? Dzimwe sungano dzipi nedzipi dzine chokuita nayo here? Iyi mibvunzo inokosha nemhaka yokuti Jesu akataura kuti ropa resungano raizodururwa “kuti vakanganwirwe zvivi.” Tose zvedu tinoda zvikuru kukanganwirwa kwakadaro.—VaRoma 3:23.
Sungano naAbrahama
4. Ndechipi chipikirwa chakare chinotibetsera kunzwisisa sungano itsva?
4 Kuti tinzwisise sungano itsva, tinofanira kudzokera shure makore anenge 2 000 ushumiri hwapasi hwaJesu husati hwatanga kusvika kunguva apo Tera nemhuri yake—kubatanidza Abrama (gare gare, Abrahama) nomudzimai waAbrahama, Sarai (gare gare, Sara)—vakafamba vachibva kuUri yakabudirira yavaKardhea vachienda Harani kuchamhembe kweMesopotamia. Vakagara ikoko kusvikira pakufa kwaTera. Ipapo, pakurayira kwaJehovha, Abrahama akanga ane makore 75 okukura akayambuka Rwizi rwaYufratesi ndokufamba akananga kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero achienda kunyika yeKanani kunorarama upenyu hwokudzungaira mumatende. (Genesi 11:31–12:1, 4, 5; Mabasa 7:2-5) Makanga muri muna 1943 B.C.E. Abrahama paakanga achiri muHarani, Jehovha akanga ati kwaari: “Ndichakuita rudzi rukuru, ndichakuropafadza, ndichakudza zita rako, iwe uropafadze vamwe. Ndicharopafadza ivo vanokuropafadza; unokutuka, ndichamutukawo; marudzi ose enyika acharopafadzwa mauri.” Gare gare, pashure pokunge Abrahama ayambukira kuKanani, Jehovha akawedzera kuti: “Ndichapa vana vako nyika iyi.”—Genesi 12:2, 3, 7.
5. Chipikirwa chaJehovha kuna Abrahama chakakochekedzwa neuporofita hupi hunokosha?
5 Chipikirwa chakaitwa kuna Abrahama chakanga chine chokuita nechimwe chezvipikirwa zvaJehovha. Zvirokwazvo, chakaita Abrahama munhu akatanhamara munhau yavanhu, chikochekedzo mukuzadzikwa kwouporofita hwokutanga hwati hwambonyorwa. Pashure pokunge Adhama naEvha vatadza mubindu reEdheni, Jehovha akavatonga vose vari vaviri, uye panhambo imwe cheteyo, akataura kuna Satani, uyo akanga anyengera Evha, achiti: “Ndichaisa ruvengo pakati pako nomukadzi, napakati porudzi rwako norudzi rwake; irwo rwuchapwanya musoro wako, newe uchapwanya chitsitsinho charwo.” (Genesi 3:15) Sungano yaJehovha naAbrahama yakaratidzira kuti Mbeu yaizoparadza mabasa aSatani yaizooneka mumutsara watateguru iyeye.
6. (a) Chipikirwa chaJehovha kuna Abrahama chaizozadzikwa kupfurikidza naani? (b) Sungano yaAbrahama chii?
6 Sezvo chipikirwa chaJehovha chakanga chine chokuita nembeu, Abrahama akanga achida mwanakomana uyo Mbeu yaizouya nomaari. Asi iye naSara vakanga vakwegura uye vakanga vasati vava nomwana. Kunyange zvakadaro, pakupedzisira Jehovha akavakomborera, achimutsiridza masimba avo okubereka nenzira yenenji, uye Sara akaberekera Abrahama mwanakomana, Isaka, nokudaro achichengeta chipikirwa chembeu chiripo. (Genesi 17:15-17; 21:1-7) Makore akawanda gare gare, pashure pokuedza kutenda kwaAbrahama—kunyange kusvika pakudisa kwake kupa mwanakoma wake aidiwa, Isaka, muchibayiro—Jehovha akadzokorora chipikirwa chake kuna Abrahama: “Ndichakuropafadza kwazvo, ndichawanza vana vako kwazvo senyeredzi dzokudenga, uye sejecha riri pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa; vana vako vachava varidzi vamasuo avavengi vavo; ndudzi dzose dzenyika dzicharopafadzwa muvana vako, zvawakateerera inzwi rangu.” (Genesi 22:15-18) Ichi chipikirwa chakawedzerwa chinowanzonzi sungano yaAbrahama, uye sungano itsva yakaitwa gare gare yaizobatanidzwa zvikuru nacho.
7. Mbeu yaAbrahama yakavamba sei kuwedzera munhamba, uye ndeapi mamiriro ezvinhu akavatungamirira kuti vave vagari vomuEgipita?
7 Pashure penguva yakati, Isaka akava nevakomama mapatya, Esau naJakobho. Jehovha akasarudza Jakobho kuti ave tateguru weMbeu Yakapikirwa. (Genesi 28:10-15; VaRoma 9:10-13) Jakobho akanga ane vanakomana 12. Nenzira yakajeka, zvino yakanga yava nguva yokuti mbeu yaAbrahama itange kuwedzera. Apo vanakomana vaJakobho vakanga vava vanhu vakuru, vakawanda vane mhuri dzavo pachavo, nzara yakamanikidza vose zvavo kuti vatamire kuEgipita uko, kupfurikidza nenhungamiro yaMwari, mwanakomana waJakobho Josefa akanga agadzirira nzira. (Genesi 45:5-13; 46:26, 27) Pashure pemakore mashomanene, nzara yakapera. Asi mhuri yaJakobho yakagara muEgipita—pakutanga sevaeni asi gare gare savaranda. Mosesi akatungamirira vazukuru vaJakobho kubuda muEgipita vachienda kurusununguko pashure pa1513 B.C.E., makore 430 pashure pokunge Abrahama ayambuka Yufratesi. (Eksodho 1:8-14; 12:40, 41; VaGaratia 3:16, 17) Jehovha zvino aizopa ngwariro chaiyo kusungano yake naAbrahama.—Eksodho 2:24; 6:2-5.
“Sungano Yakare”
8. Jehovha akaitei nevana vaJakobho paSinai, uye izvozvi zvakanga zvine chokuitai nesungano yaAbrahama?
8 Apo Jakobho navanakomana vake vakatamira Egipita, vakanga vari mhuri yakakura, asi vazukuru vavo vakabva muEgipita seboka guru remarudzi akakurumbira. (Eksodho 1:5-7; 12:37, 38) Jehovha asati avaunza muKanani, akavatungamirira nechokumaodzanyemba mujinga megomo rinonzi Horebhi (kana kuti, Sinai) muArabhia. Ikoko, akaita sungano navo. Iyi yakazonzi “sungano yakare” maererano ne“sungano itsva.” (2 VaKorinte 3:14) Kupfurikidza nesungano yakare, Jehovha akatarisira nenzira yokuenzanisira kuzadzika kwesungano yake naAbrahama.
9. (a) Ndezvipi zvinhu zvina zvakapikirwa naJehovha kupfurikidza nesungano yaAbrahama? (b) Ndedzipi dzimwe kariro dzakaitwa kuti dzibvire nesungano yaJehovha naIsraeri, uye zvichitsamira pachii?
9 Jehovha akatsanangurira Israeri mamiriro esungano iyi: “Kana mukateerera inzwi rangu nomwoyo wose, mukachengeta sungano yangu, muchava pfuma yangu chaiyo pakati pendudzi dzose, nokuti nyika ndeyangu; muchava kwandiri ushe hwavaprista, norudzi rutsvene.” (Eksodho 19:5, 6) Jehovha akanga apikira kuti mbeu yaAbrahama yaizo-(1) va rudzi rukuru, (2) piwa rukundo pavavengi vayo, (3) gara nhaka nyika yeKanani, uye (4) va mukoto wezvikomborero kumarudzi. Zvino akazivisa kuti ivo pachavo vaigona kugara nhaka zvikomborero izvi savanhu vake chaivo, Israeri, “ushe hwavaprista, norudzi rutsvene,” kana vakateerera mirayiro yake. VaIsraeri vakabvuma kupinda musungano iyi here? Vakapindura somunhu mumwe kuti: “Zvose zvataurwa naJehovha tichazviita.”—Eksodho 19:8.
10. Jehovha akaronga sei vaIsraeri kuva rudzi, uye aikarirei kwavari?
10 Nokudaro, Jehovha akaronga vaIsraeri kuva rudzi. Akavapa mitemo yaidzora kunamata noupenyu hwakanaka. Akavagoverawo tabhernakeri, (gare gare, tembere muJerusarema) uye uprista kuti vaite basa rinoyera mutabhernakeri. Kuchengeta sungano kwakareva kuteerera mitemo yaJehovha uye, zvikurukuru, kumunamata iye bedzi. Wokutanga weMirayiro Gumi wakanga uri mukuru wemirayiro iyoyo waiva wokuti: “Ndini Jehovha, Mwari wako, wakakubvisa munyika yeEgipita, muimba youranda. Usava navamwe vamwari kunze kwangu.”—Eksodho 20:2, 3.
Zvikomborero Kupfurikidza Nesungano Yomutemo
11, 12. Zvipikirwa zvomusungano yekare zvakazadzikwa kuna Israeri munzirai?
11 Zvipikirwa zvomusungano yoMutemo zvakazadzikwa kuna Israeri here? Israeri akava “rudzi rutsvene” here? Savazukuru vaAdhama, vaIsraeri vakanga vari vatadzi. (VaRoma 5:12) Pasinei zvapo naizvozvo, muMutemo, zvibayiro zvaipiwa kuti zvifukidze zvivi zvavo. Pamusoro pezvibayiro zvakapiwa paZuva Reyananiso regore negore, Jehovha akati: “Nokuti munofanira kuyananiswa nezuva iro, kuti munatswe; munofanira kunatswa pazvivi zvenyu zvose pamberi paJehovha.” (Revhitiko 16:30) Naizvozvo, paakanga akatendeka, Israeri akanga ari rudzi rutsvene, akacheneswa nokuda kwebasa raJehovha. Asi uku kuchena kwaitsamira pakuteerera kwavo Mutemo uye kupfuurira kupa zvibayiro.
12 Israeri akava “umambo hwavaprista” here? Kubva pakutanga chaipo, hwakanga huri umambo, huna Jehovha saMambo wokudenga. (Isaya 33:22) Uyezve, sungano yoMutemo yaibatanidza gadziriro dzoumambo hwavanhu, zvokuti gare gare Jehovha akamirirwa namadzimambo aitonga muJerusarema. (Dheuteronomio 17:14-18) Asi Israeri akanga ari umambo hwavaprista here? Eya, aiva navaprista vaiita basa rinoyera patabhernakeri. Tabhernakeri (gare gare, tembere) yakanga iri nzvimbo yokunamata kwakachena yavaIsraeri uyewo yavasiri vaIsraeri. Uye rudzi rwacho rwakanga rwuri mukoto bedzi wechokwadi chakaziviswa kurudzi rwomunhu. (2 Makoronike 6:32, 33; VaRoma 3:1, 2) VaIsraeri vose vakatendeka, kwete chete vaprista vari vaRevhi, vakanga vari “zvapupu” zvaJehovha. Israeri akanga ari “muranda” waJehovha, akaumbwa kuti a‘rondedzere kurumbidzwa kwake.’ (Isaya 43:10, 21) Vanhu vokumwe vakawanda vaizvininipisa vakaona simba raJehovha nokuda kwavanhu vake uye vakakwezverwa kukunamata kwechokwadi. Vakava vapuroserite. (Joshua 2:9-13) Asi rudzi rumwe chete ndirwo rwaibatira chaizvoizvo savaprista vakazodzwa.
Vapuroserite muna Israeri
13, 14. (a) Nei zvichigona kunzi vapuroserite vakanga vasiri vanotora rutivi musungano yoMutemo? (b) Vapuroserite vakava sei musungano yoMutemo?
13 Chimiro chavapuroserite vakadaro chakanga chiri chipi? Apo Jehovha akaita sungano yake, akaiita naIsraeri bedzi; vaya “vazhinji vakanga vakavhengana,” kunyange zvavo vakanga varipo, havana kunzi vanotora rutivi. (Eksodho 12:38; 19:3, 7, 8) Matangwe avo akanga asingabatanidzwi apo mutengo worudzikinuro nokuda kwedangwe raIsraeri wakaitwa. (Numeri 3:44-51) Makumi amakore gare gare apo nyika yeKanani yakakamurwa pakati pendudzi dzaIsraeri, hapana chakaiswa parutivi nokuda kwavatendi vakanga vasiri vaIsraeri. (Genesi 12:7; Joshua 13:1-14) Nei? Nemhaka yokuti sungano yoMutemo haina kuitwa navapuroserite. Asi varume vechipuroserite vakadzingiswa nemhaka yokuteerera Mutemo. Vakateerera mirayiro yawo, uye vakabetserwa negadziriro dzawo. Vapuroserite pamwe chete navaIsraeri vakava musungano yoMutemo.—Eksodho 12:48, 49; Numeri 15:14-16; VaRoma 3:19.
14 Somuenzaniso, kana mupuroserite akauraya munhu netsaona, aigona, kufanana nomuIsraeri, kutizira kuguta routiziro. (Numeri 35:15, 22-25; Joshua 20:9) Pazuva Reyananiso chibayiro chaipiwa ku“yananisira . . . ungano yose yavaIsraeri.” Sorutivi rweungano, vapuroserite vakagoverana muzviitiko uye vakafukidzwa nechibayiro. (Revhitiko 16:7-10, 15, 17, 29; Dheuteronomio 23:7, 8) Vapuroserite vakanga vachisonganirana zvikuru naIsraeri muMutemo zvokuti paPendekosti ya33 C.E. apo ‘kiyi yoUmambo’ yokutanga yakashandisirwa vaJudha, vapuroserite vakabetserwawo. Somugumisiro, “Nikorasi, mupuroserite weAntiokia,” akava muKristu uye akanga ari pakati pa“varume vanomwe” vakagadzwa kuti vatarisire zvinodikanwa zveungano yeJerusarema.—Mateo 16:19; Mabasa 2:5-10; 6:3-6; 8:26-39.
Jehovha Anokomborera Mbeu yaAbrahama
15, 16. Sungano yaJehovha kuna Abrahama yakazadzikwa sei musungano yoMutemo?
15 Vazukuru vaAbrahama zvavakanga varongwa sorudzi muMutemo, Jehovha akavakomborera maererano nechipikirwa chake kuna tateguru wacho. Muna 1473 B.C.E., mutsivi waMosesi, Joshua, akatungamirira Israeri kupinda muKanani. Kukamurwa kwenyika kwakatevera pakati pendudzi kwakazadzika chipikirwa chaJehovha chokupa nyika kumbeu yaAbrahama. Apo Israeri akanga akatendeka, Jehovha akazadzika chipikirwa chake chokuvapa rukundo pavavengi vavo. Izvi zvakanga zviri zvechokwadi zvikuru mukati mokutonga kwaMambo Dhavhidhi. Pakasvika nguva yomwanakomana waDhavhidhi Soromoni, rutivi rwechitatu rwesungano yaAbrahama rwakazadzikwa. “VaJudha navaIsraeri vakanga vari vazhinji, vakanga vakawanda sejecha pagungwa, vakadya, vakanwa, vakafara.”—1 Madzimambo 4:20.
16 Kunyange zvakadaro, marudzi aizozvikomborera sei kupfurikidza naIsraeri, mbeu yaAbrahama? Sezvatodudzwa, Israeri akanga ari vanhu vaMwari chaivo, mumiriri waJehovha pakati pamarudzi. Nokukurumidza Israeri asati apinda muKanani, Mosesi akati: “Farai, imi ndudzi, pamwe chete navanhu vake.” (Dheuteronomio 32:43) Vanhu vokumwe vakawanda vakadavidza. “Vanhu vazhinji vakanga vakavhengana” vakanga vatotevera Israeri vachibuda muEgipita, vapupurira simba raJehovha murenje, uye vanzwa kukoka kwaMosesi kwokuti vafare. (Eksodho 12:37, 38) Gare gare, Rute muMoabhikadzi akaroorwa naBhoazi muIsraeri ndokuva tategurukadzi vaMesiya. (Rute 4:13-22) Jehonadhabhi muKeni navazukuru vake naEbhedhi-mereki wokuItopia vakazvisiyanisa kupfurikidza nokunamatira kunheyo dzakarurama apo vaIsraeri vokunyama vakawanda vakanga vasina kutendeka. (2 Madzimambo 10:15-17; Jeremia 35:1-19; 38:7-13) MuUmambo hwePersia, vanhu vokumwe vakawanda vakava vapuroserite uye vakarwa pamwe naIsraeri mukurwisana navavengi vake.—Estere 8:17, NW, mashoko omuzasi.
Sungano Itsva Inodikanwa
17. (a) Nei Jehovha akaramba umambo hwaIsraeri hwokuchambembe nehwokumaodzanyemba? (b) Chii chakatungamirira kukurambwa kwavaJudha kwokupedzisira?
17 Kunyange zvakadaro, kuti rugamuchire kuzadzikwa kwakakwana kwechipikirwa chaMwari, rudzi chairwo rwaMwari rwaifanira kuva rwakatendeka. Harwuna. Chokwadi, paiva nevaIsraeri vaiva nokutenda kwakatanhamara. (VaHebheru 11:32–12:1) Kunyange zvakadaro, panhambo dzakawanda rudzi rwacho rwakatendeukira kuna vanamwari venhema, rwuchikarira kubetserwa mune zvokunyama. (Jeremia 34:8-16; 44:15-18) Vanhu vakashandisa zvisina kufanira Mutemo kana kuti vakangoufuratira. (Nehemia 5:1-5; Isaya 59:2-8; Maraki 1:12-14) Pashure pokufa kwaSoromoni, Israeri akakamurwa kuva umambo hwokuchamhembe nohwokumaodzanyemba. Apo umambo hwokuchamhembe hwakabvumikisa kuva hunopandukira chose chose, Jehovha akazivisa kuti: “Zvawaramba zivo, neni ndichakurambawo, kuti urege kuva muprista wangu.” (Hosea 4:6) Umambo hwokumaodzanyemba hwakarangwawo zvakakomba nemhaka yokubvumikisa kwahwo kuva hwenhema kusungano yacho. (Jeremia 5:29-31) Apo vaJudha vakaramba Jesu saMesiya, Jehovha nenzira yakafanana akavarambawo. (Mabasa 3:13-15; VaRoma 9:31–10:4) Pakupedzisira, Jehovha akaita gadziriro itsva yokutarisira kuzadzikwa kwakakwana kwesungano yaAbrahama.—VaRoma 3:20.
18, 19. Ndeipi gadziriro itsva yakaitwa naJehovha kuitira kuti sungano yaAbrahama igozadzikwa nenzira yakakwana?
18 Gadziriro itsva iyoyo yakanga iri sungano itsva. Jehovha akanga afanotaura izvi paakati: “Tarirai, mazuva anouya—ndizvo zvinotaura Jehovha—andichaita sungano itsva neimba yaIsraeri, uye neimba yaJudha. . . . Heyi sungano yandichaita neimba yaIsraeri shure kwamazuva iwayo—ndizvo zvinotaura Jehovha: Ndichaisa murayiro wangu mukati mavo, ndichaunyora pamwoyo yavo; ini ndichava Mwari wavo, ivo vachava vanhu vangu.”—Jeremia 31:31-33.
19 Iyi ndiyo sungano itsva iyo Jesu akataura nezvayo pana Nisani 14, 33 C.E. Panhambo iyoyo, akazivisa kuti sungano yakapikirwa yakanga yoda kuitwa pakati pavadzidzi vake naJehovha, ina Jesu somurevereri. (1 VaKorinte 11:25; 1 Timotio 2:5; VaHebheru 12:24) Kupfurikidza nesungano itsva iyi, chipikirwa chaJehovha kuna Abrahama chakanga chichifanira kuzadzikwa nenzira ine mbiri uye inogara zvikuru, sezvatichaona munyaya inotevera.
Unogona Kutsanangura Here?
◻ Jehovha akapikirei musungano yaAbrahama?
◻ Jehovha akatarisira sei kuzadzikwa kwesungano yaAbrahama kuna Israeri wokunyama?
◻ Vapuroserite vakabetserwa sei nesungano yakare?
◻ Nei sungano itsva yakanga ichidikanwa?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]
Kupfurikidza nesungano yoMutemo, Jehovha akatarisira kuzadzikwa kwokuenzanisira kwesungano yaAbrahama