Dzidzo Munguva dzeBhaibheri

“Munofanira kuadzidzisa vana venyu.”—DHEUTERONOMIO 11:19.

 1. Chii chinoratidza kuti Jehovha anofarira dzidzo yavabatiri vake?

JEHOVHA ndiye Mudzidzisi Mukuru. Haana kutongosiya vabatiri vake vari mumugariro wokusaziva. Iye nguva dzose ave achidisa kugoverana zivo navo. Anovadzidzisa kuda kwake nenzira dzake. Kwezviuru zvamakore zvisingaverengeki Mwanakomana wake akaberekwa ari mumwe bedzi akanga ari parutivi pake, achidzidza nguva dzose se“mhizha” yaMwari. (Zvirevo 8:30) Apo akanga ari pasi pano Jesu akataura, kuti: “Ndinoreva izvozvo zvandakadzidziswa naBaba.” (Johane 8:28) Achinongedzera kuna Mwari soMudzidzisi Asingaenzaniswi, Erihu akabvunza, kuti: “Ndianiko mudzidzisi wakafanana naye?” (Jobho 36:22) Muporofita Isaya akataura nezvaJehovha saari “Murairidzi Mukuru” wavanhu Vake uye akaporofita, kuti: “Vana vako vose vachadzidziswa naJehovha, rugare rwavana vako ruchava rukuru.” (Isaya 30:20, NW; Isa 54:13) Nenzira isingapanikirwi, Jehovha anoshuva zvisikwa zvake zvakangwara kuva zvinoziva uye zvakasanodzidziswa.

Dzidzo Yamadzitateguru

 2, 3. (a) Madzitateguru akatendeka akarangarira sei dzidzo yavana vavo, uye murairidzoi Jehovha akapa Abrahama? (b) Idonzoi guru raitsigira murairidzo wokudzidzisa vana vaAbrahama?

² Rimwe ramaropafadzo okutanga omusoro wemhuri munguva dzamadzitateguru kwakanga kuri kudzidziswa kwavana vake nokwemhuri yake. Nokuda kwavabatiri vaMwari dzidzo yavana vavo wakanga uri mutoro worudzidziso. Jehovha akati nezvomubatiri wake Abrahama: “Ndakamutsaura, kuti araire vana vake naveimba yake vanomutevera, kuti vachengete nzira yaJehovha, vaite zvakarurama nezvakanaka; kuti Jehovha auyise pamusoro paAbrahama izvo zvaakataura pamusoro pake.”—Genesi 18:19.

³ Uku kutaura kwoumwari kunoratidza kuti Jehovha akarangarira dzidzo kuva youkoshi hukuru. Mwari akada Abrahama, Isaka, uye Jakobho kudzidzisa mhuri dzavo munzira Dzake dzokururama norutongeso kuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvigozokwanisa kuchengeta nzira yaJehovha. Nokudaro, Jehovha aizozadzika zvipikirwa zvake pamusoro pembeu yaAbrahama nechikomborero cha“marudzi ose apasi.”—Genesi 18:18, NW; Gen. 22:17, 18.

Gadziriro Yedzidzo Muna Israeri

 4, 5. (a) Chii chakasianisa gadziriro yedzidzo yaIsraeri neiyo yamamwe marudzi? (b) Musianoi mumwe unokosha unooneswa muEncyclopaedia Judaica, uye pasina panikiro chii chakabetsera uyu musiano?

⁴ Encyclopaedia Judaica inotaura, kuti: “Bhaibheri manyuko okutanga okunzwisiswa kwomuitiro wedzidzo muna Israeri wakare.” Jehovha akashandisa Mosesi somudzidzisi wohunhu wokutanga waIsraeri. (Dheuteronomio 1:3, 5; 4:5) Mosesi akataura mashoko aakapiwa naJehovha. (Eksodho 24:3) Naizvozvo, chaizvoizvo, Mwari akanga ari Mudzidzisi wokutanga waIsraeri. Ikoku makuri kumene kwakasianisa gadziriro yedzidzo yaIsraeri neiyo yamamwe marudzi.

⁵ Bhuku rimwe chetero renongedzero rinozivisa, kuti: “Dzidzo yapamusoro kana kuti kudzidza bhuku muMesopotamia neEgipita kwakanga kwakarongwa uye kwakaganhurirwa kuboka ravanyori, uko kusingaratidziki kuve kwakananga kwakadaro muna Israeri. Musiano pasina panikiro wakanga uri nemhaka yomuitiro wamaarufabheti wakapfava wokunyora waishandiswa navaHebheru. . . . Ukoshi hwamanyoro amaarufabheti nokuda kwenhau yedzidzo haufaniri kufuratirwa. Kwakatanga mugumo mutsika yavanyori vegamuchidzanwa veEgipita, Mesopotamia, uye Kanani yechiuru chamakore chechipiri. Kukwanisa kurava nokunyora kwakanga kuchisirizve chiratidzo chinozivisa nechinosianisa cheboka ravanyori navaprista nyanzvi, vaiziva manyoro ecuneiform nehieroglyphic akaoma kunzwisisa.”

 6. Hufakazii hweBhaibheri huripo hwokuti kubvira pamavambo chaipo enhau yavo, vaIsraeri vaiva vanhu vaigona kurava nokunyora?

⁶ Bhaibheri rinogovera ufakazi hwokuti vaIsraeri vaiva vanhu vaigona kurava nokunyora. Vasati vatombopinda muNyika Yakapikirwa, vakaudzwa kunyora mitemo yaJehovha pamagwatidziro emikova yavo napamasuo avo. (Dheuteronomio 6:1, 9; 11:20; 27:1-3) Nepo uyu murairo pasina panikiro wakanga uri wokufananidzira, waizova wakaoma zvamazvirokwazvo usina revo kumuIsraeriwo zvake kudai akanga asingazivi kurava nokunyora. Magwaro akadai saJoshua 18:9 naVatongi 8:14 anoratidza kuti vamwe kunze kwavatungamiriri vakafanana naMosesi naJoshua vaiziva kunyora kare kare mambo asati agadzwa muna Israeri.—Eksodho 34:27; Joshua 24:26.

Mitoo Yokudzidzisa Nayo

 7. (a) Mukuwirirana naMagwaro, ndiani akapa vana vavaIsraeri dzidzo yavo yokutanga? (b) Mashokoi anopiwa nenyanzvi yeBhaibheri yechiFrench?

⁷ Muna Israeri, vana vaidzidziswa kubvira pazera rapakuvamba zvikuru navose vari vaviri baba namai. (Dheuteronomio 11:18, 19; Zvirevo 1:8; 31:26) MuDictionnaire de la Bible rechiFrench, nyanzvi yeBhaibheri E. Mangenot yakanyora, kuti: “Nokukurumidza paaigona kutaura, mwana akadzidza zvikamu zvishomanene zvomuMutemo. Mai vake vaidzokorora ndima; paaiiziva, vaimupa imwe. Gare gare, rugwaro rwakanyorwa rwendima dzavaitogona kudzokorora nomusoro rwaipiwa vana. Nokudaro, vaidzidziswa kurava, uye apo vakanga vakura zvikuru, vaigona kupfuuridzira murairidzo wavo worudzidziso kupfurikidza nokurava nokufungisisa mutemo waShe.”

 8. (a) Mutooi mukuru wokudzidzisa wakashandiswa muna Israeri, asi nechiratidzoi chinokosha? (b) Iyamuroi dzeyeuko dzakashandiswa?

⁸ Ikoku kunokarakadza kuti mutoo wokutanga wokudzidzisa waishandiswa waiva kudzidzwa kwezvinhu nomusoro. Zvinhu zvaidzidzwa pamusoro pemitemo yaJehovha nokubata kwake navanhu vake zvaifanira kupinda mumwoyo. (Dheuteronomio 6:6, 7) Zvaifanira kufungisiswa. (Pisarema 77:11, 12) Kubetsera vaduku navakuru kudzidza nomusoro, yamuro dzakasiana-siana dzokuyeuka dzakashandiswa. Idzodzi dzakabatanidza nhetembo dzamaarufabheti, mitsetse inotevedzana mupisarema inovamba nebhii rakasiana, munhevedzano yamaarufabheti (zvakadai saZvirevo 31:10-31 muchiNgezi); mashoko anovamba nebhii rimwe chetero kana kuti kunzwika; uye kushandiswa kwenhamba, seidzo dzinoshandiswa muhafu yapashure yaZvirevo ganhuro 30. Nenzira inofadza, Gezer Calendar, mumwe wemienzaniso yakaresa wokunyora kwechiHebheru chakare, inofungwa nedzimwe nyanzvi kuva rovedzo yeyeuko yomukomana wechikoro.

Zvaidzidzwa Zvacho

 9. (a) Chii chaiva rutivi runokosha rwegadziriro yefundo nokuda kwavana vechiIsraeri? (b) Enisaikoropidhia yeBhaibheri inotaurei pamusoro pokudzidzisa kwaiitwa mukuwirirana nemitambo yegore negore?

⁹ Dzidzo muna Israeri yakanga isina kuganhurirwa kukudzidza kurava nokunyora. Chimwe chidzidzo chinokosha chakadzidziswa chaiva nhau. Kudzidzwa kwezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvaJehovha nokuda kwavanhu vake kwaiva rutivi runokosha rwezvinodzidzwa zvacho. Aya maidi enhau aifanira kudzidziswa chizvarwa nechizvarwa. (Dheuteronomio 4:9, 10; Pisarema 78:1-7) Kuchengetwa kwemitambo yegore negore kwakagovera banza rakaisvonaka kuti musoro wemhuri udzidzise vana vake. (Eksodho 13:14; Revhitiko 23:37-43) Muna ikoku The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia inotaura, kuti: “Kupfurikidza nomurairidzo wababa mumusha uye tsananguro yavo youkoshi hwemitambo, vana vechiHebheru vakadzidziswa nzira iyo Mwari akanga azviratidzira Amene nayo kwavari munguva yakapfuura, nzira yavaifanira kurarama nayo munguva yazvino, uye zvaiva zvipikirwa zvaMwari pamusoro penguva yemberi yavanhu Vake.”

10. Irovedzoi inoshanda yakapiwa kuvasikana? kuvakomana?

¹⁰ Dzidzo yavabereki yaibatanidza rovedzo inoshanda. Vasikana vaidzidziswa unyanzvi hwemibato yomumba. Ganhuro rokupfiga raZvirevo rinoratidza kuti ihwohwu hwakanga hwakawanda uye hwakasiana-siana; hwaibatanidza kugadzirwa kweshinda, kuruka, kubika, kutengesa, uye kutarisirwa kwose kweimba. Vakomana vaiwanzodzidziswa basa rokunyika rababa vavo, mungava mune zvokurima kana kuti mushando wakati kana kuti umhizha. Munguva dzapashure vanarabhi vechiJudha vakanga vakarovedzana nokutaura kuti: “Iye asingadzidzisi mwanakomana wake basa rinobetsera ari kumurera kuti ave mbavha.”

11. Chii chinoratidza donzo guru redzidzo muna Israeri, uye chidzidzoi chine ikoku nokuda kwavanhu vaduku nhasi?

¹¹ Udzame hwomudzimu hwemitoo yokudzidzisa yaishandiswa muna Israeri hunooneka mubhuku rose raZvirevo. Kunoratidza kuti donzo rakanga riri rokudzidzisa “vasina mano” zvinhu zvikuru zvakadai souchenjeri, chirango, kunzwisisa, nzwisiso, kupangama, ungwaru, zivo, uye mano okufunga—kwose ikoku mu“kutya Jehovha.” (Zvirevo 1:1-7; 2:1-14) Kunosimbisa vavariro dzinofanira kusunda mumwe wavabatiri vaMwari nhasi kuvandudza dzidzo yake.

Vaprista, vaRevhi, Uye Vaporofita

12. Ndivanaani kunze kwavabereki vakatora rutivi mukudzidzisa vanhu vaIsraeri, uye ndeipi iri revo yokutanga yeshoko rechiHebheru rinoshandurwa kuti “mutemo”?

¹² Nepo dzidzo yokutanga yakanga ichigoverwa navabereki, Jehovha akadzidzisazve vanhu vake kupfurikidza navaprista, vaRevhi vaisava vaprista, uye vaporofita. Muchikomborero chake chokupedzisira parudzi rwaRevhi, Mosesi akataura, kuti: “Vachadzidzisa Jakobho zvamakatonga, naIsraeri [mutemo, NW] wenyu.” (Dheuteronomio 33:8, 10) Nenzira inokosha, shoko rokuti “mutemo” muchiHebheru (toh·rahʹ) rinotorwa mumanyuko ayo muchimiro chawo chokutaura anoreva “kuratidza,” “kudzidzisa,” “kurairidza.” Encyclopaedia Judaica inotaura, kuti: “Revo yeshoko rokuti [torah] naizvozvo ‘kudzidzisa,’ ‘dzidziso,’ kana kuti ‘murairidzo.’”

13. Neiko Mutemo waIsraeri wakanga wakasiana nemiitiro yapamutemo yamamwe marudzi?

¹³ Ikokuwo kwakatsauranisa Israeri namamwe marudzi uye kunyange namarudzi omuzuva razvino uno. Marudzi ezvamatongerwe enyika nhasi ane bumbiro remitemo iro chiverengero chavagari vapasi vose zvavo vanoziva chikamu chiduku bedzi. Apo vanhu vanoputsa mutemo, vanofanira kubhadhara magweta miripo yakakwirira kuti vavadzivirire. Zvikoro zvemitemo ndezvenyanzvi. Bva, muna Israeri Mutemo wakanga uri mutoo waMwari wokuudza nawo vanhu vake kuda kwaaiita kuti vamunamate ndokurarama mukuwirirana nokuda kwake. Kusafanana namamwe mabumbiro omutemo, waibatanidza rudo nokuda kwaMwari nomuvakidzani. (Revhitiko 19:18; Dheuteronomio 6:5) Mutemo wakanga usitongori bhuku remitemo risingashandi. Wakagovera dzidziso, kudzidzisa, uye murairidzo munzira youpenyu yaifanira kudzidzwa.

14. Ndechipi chaiva chikonzero chimwe nei Jehovha akaramba uprista hwavaRevhi? (Maraki 2:7, 8)

¹⁴ Vachiri vakatendeka, vaprista navaRevhi vakaita mutoro wavo wokudzidzisa vanhu. Asi kazhinji kazhinji, vaprista vakaregeredza mutoro wavo wokudzidzisa rudzi. Uku kushaikwa kwedzidzo muMutemo waMwari kwaifanira kuva nemiuyo yakakomba nokuda kwavose vari vaviri vaprista navanhu. Muzana ramakore rechisere P.N.V., Jehovha akaporofita, kuti: “Vanhu vangu vachaparadzwa nokushaiwa zivo; zvawaramba zivo, neni ndichakurambawo, kuti urege kuva muprista wangu; zvawakanganwa murairo waMwari wako, neniwo ndichakanganwa vana vako.”—Hosea 4:6.

15. (a) Mukuwedzera kuvaprista, ndivanaani avo Jehovha akamutsa savadzidzisi muna Israeri, uye chii icho nyanzvi yeBhaibheri yakanyora pamusoro pebasa ravo savadzidzisi? (b) Chii chakaitika pakupedzisira kuna Israeri naJudha nemhaka yokuti vakaramba zivo yaJehovha nenzira dzake?

¹⁵ Pamwe chete navaprista, Jehovha akamutsa vaporofita savadzidzisi. Tinorava, kuti: “Jehovha akapupurira Israeri naJudha nemiromo yavaporofita vose navaoni vose, akati: ‘Dzokai panzira yangu nezvandakatema, sezvakarehwa nomurairo wangu wose wandakaraira madzibaba enyu, wandakatema nemiromo yavaporofita varanda vangu.’” (2 Madzimambo 17:13) Pamusoro pebasa ravaporofita savadzidzisi, nyanzvi yeBhaibheri yechiFrench Roland de Vaux akanyora, kuti: “Vaporofitawo vakanga vane basa rokurairidza vanhu; ikoku kwakanga kuri rutivi rukuru rwebasa ravo sokuzivisa nguva yemberi. Uye kufuridzira kwouporofita kwakapa kukuparidzira kwavo chiremera cheshoko raMwari. Ndokwechokwadi kuti mukutungamirira kwamambo vaporofita vaiva vadzidzisi vavanhu vorudzidziso nevetsika; uye, tingawedzera kuti, vakanakisisa vavadzidzisi vavo vose, kana vasiri ivo vaiteererwa zvikurusa nguva dzose.” Kupfurikidza nokushaikwa kwedzidzo yakafanira yaipiwa navaprista uye vaRevhi pamwe chete nokukundikana kuteerera vaporofita vaJehovha, vaIsraeri vakasiya nzira dzaJehovha. Samaria yakatorwa navaAsiria muna 740 P.N.V., uye Jerusarema netembere yaro zvakaparadzwa navaBhabhironi muna 607 P.N.V.

Dzidzo Mukati Napashure Poutapwa

16, 17. (a) Igadziriroi yedzidzo yakamanikidzirwa pana Dhanieri neshamwari dzake nhatu? (b) Chii chakavagonesa kuwana dzidzo yeBhabhironi asi vachiramba vakatendeka kuna Jehovha?

¹⁶ Makore gumi pamberi pokuparadzwa kweJerusarema, Mambo Jehoyakini neboka ramachinda navanokudzwa vakaendeswa kuBhabhironi naMambo Nebhukadnezari. (2 Madzimambo 24:15) Pakati pavo paiva naDhanieri navamwe vanokudzwa vaduku vatatu. (Dhanieri 1:3, 6) Nebhukadnezari akaraira vana vavo kuva nekosi yerovedzo chaiyo yamakore matatu mu“magwaro norurimi rwavaKardhea.” Uyezve, vakagoverwa “mugove wezvokudya zvamambo zuva rimwe nerimwe, nowewaini yaainwa.” (Dhanieri 1:4, 5) Ikoku kwakanga kuchigona kuva nengozi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Sezvingabvira, zvinodzidzwa zvacho yakanga isati ichingova zvayo kosi yomutauro yamakore matatu. Shoko rokuti “vaKardhea” muchikamu chino rinofungwa navamwe kuva rinoreva, “kwete vaBhabhironi sorudzi, asi boka rakadzidza.” (The Soncino Books of the Bible) Mutsinhiro yake pamusoro paDhanieri, C. F. Keil anotaura, kuti: “Dhanieri neshamwari dzake vaifanira kudzidziswa muuchenjeri hwavaprista vavaKardhea navanhu vakadzidza, uhwo hwaidzidziswa muzvikoro zveBhabhironi.” Mugove wezvokudya zvamambo wakavaratidzirawo kukuputsa ganhuriro dzezvokudya dzakaiswa noMutemo waMosesi. Ivo vakaita sei?

¹⁷ Somutauriri wavanokudzwa vaduku vana vechiJudha, Dhanieri akajekesa kubvira pamavambo chaipo kuti havaizodya kana kuti kunwa mukupunzwa kwehana dzavo. (Dhanieri 1:8, 11-13) Jehovha akakomborera ichi chimiro chakasimba ndokupfavisa mwoyo womukuru mukuru weBhabhironi aitarisira. (Dhanieri 1:9, 14-16) Pamusoro pefundo dzavo, zvinoitika zvakatevera muupenyu hwavaHebheru vose vaduku vana zvinobvumikisa pasina panikiro kuti zvinodzidzwa zvavo zvamakore matatu zvokumanikidzira mutsika yeBhabhironi hazvina kuvaparira kubva pabatano yavo huru naJehovha nenamatwo yake yakachena. (Dhanieri, maganhuro 3 ne 6) Jehovha akavagonesa kubuda vasina kukuvadzwa muuku kupinzwa kwokumanikidzira kwamakore matatu mudzidzo yakakwirira yeBhabhironi. “Kana ari majaya aya mana, Mwari wakavapa zivo nokungwara pamagwaro ose nouchenjeri hwose; asi Dhanieri wakanga achigona kunzwisisa zvose zvairatidzwa naMwari nezvairotwa. Pamashoko ose ouchenjeri nookunzwisisa, avaiudzwa namambo, wakawana kuti ivo vaipfuura kagumi vachenjeri vose nen’anga dzaiva paushe hwake.”—Dhanieri 1:17, 20.

18. Igadziriroi yedzidzo yakaitwa muna Judha pashure poutapwa hweBhabhironi?

¹⁸ Pashure poutapwa hweBhabhironi, basa guru redzidzo rakaitwa naEzra, muprista aka“shingaira nomwoyo wake wose kutsvaka murairo waJehovha, nokuuita, nokudzidzisa pakati paIsraeri zvaakatema nezvaakatonga.” (Ezra 7:10) Muna ikoku akabetserwa navaRevhi vakatendeka, avo “vakadudzira vanhu murairo.” (Nehemia 8:7) Ezra akanga ari nyanzvi yeBhaibheri uye “munyori wakangwara.” (Ezra 7:6) Makanga muri muzuva rake umo vanyori vakatanhamara seboka.

Zvikoro Zvavanarabhi

19. Ibokai ravadzidzisi rakanga raoneka muna Israeri panguva yakauya Jesu kupasi, uye vadzidzi vake havana kuwana dzidzo yakakwirira yechiJudha nokuda kwezvikonzeroi zvinokosha?

¹⁹ Panguva apo Jesu akaoneka pasi pano, vanyori vakanga vava boka rakakwirira ravadzidzisi, vakanamatira zvikuru kumagamuchidzanwa kupfuura kudzidziso dzechokwadi dzeShoko raMwari. Vaida kudanwa kuti “Rabhi,” iro rakanga rava zita rechiratidzo rokukudzwa richireva kuti “Munhu Mukuru (Anokudzwa) Wangu.” (Mateo 23:6, 7, mashoko omuzasi muNW.) MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, vanyori vanowanzobatanidzwa navaFarise, vamwe vavo vaiva vadzidzisi vamene voMutemo. (Mabasa 5:34) Jesu akapomera mhaka mapoka ose ari maviri yokuita kuti shoko raMwari rive risina simba nemhaka yegamuchidzanwa ravo uye kudzidzisa “mirairo yavanhu.” (Mateo 15:1, 6, 9) Hakushamisi kuti Jesu kana kuti zvimwe vazhinjisa vavadzidzisi vake vakanga vakadzidza muzvikoro zvavanarabhi.—Johane 7:14, 15; Mabasa 4:13; 22:3.

20. Ko iyi hwirudzuro yedzidzo munguva dzeBhaibheri yatiratidzei, uye chii chinoratidzira kuti vabatiri vaJehovha vanoda dzidzo?

²⁰ Uku kunzverwa kwedzidzo munguva yeBhaibheri kwakaratidza kuti Jehovha ndiye Murairidzi Mukuru wavanhu vake. Kupfurikidza naMosesi, Mwari akaronga gadziriro inobudirira yedzidzo muna Israeri. Asi pashure penguva refu, gadziriro yechiJudha yedzidzo yakakwirira yakatanga iyo yakadzidzisa zvinhu zvinopesana neShoko raMwari. Nepo Jesu asina kupinda zvikoro zvakadaro zvechiJudha, iye akanga, kunyanguvezvo, ari Mudzidzisi asingaenzaniswi. (Mateo 7:28, 29; 23:8; Johane 13:13) Iye akatumawo vadzidzi vake kudzidzisa, kunyange kusvikira kumhedziso yetsika yezvinhu. (Mateo 28:19, 20) Kuti vaite ikoku, vaizofanira kuva vadzidzisi vakanaka uye pakupedzisira vaizoda dzidzo. Naizvozvo maKristu echokwadi anofanira kurangarira sei dzidzo nhasi? Uyu mubvunzo uchanzverwa munyaya inotevera.

Kuedza Yeuko

◻ Neiko tichigona kuva nechokwadi chokuti Jehovha anofarira dzidzo yavabatiri vake?

◻ Mumativii umo gadziriro yedzidzo yaIsraeri yakanga yakasiana neiyo yamamwe marudzi?

◻ Idzidzoi iyo vana vechiIsraeri vakagamuchira?

◻ Mitooi yokudzidzisa yaishandiswa muna Israeri?

◻ Neiko Jesu navadzidzi vake vasina kuenda kuzvikoro zvechiJudha zvedzidzo yakakwirira?

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 14]

Dzidzo yokusamanikidzira muBhabhironi haina kutsausa Dhanieri neshamwari dzake pana Jehovha