Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 28—Hosea
Munyori: Hosea
Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Samaria (Ruwa)
Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Pashure pa745 B.C.E.
Nguva Yakafukidzwa: 804 asati asvika–pashure pa745 B.C.E.
1, 2. (a) Mabhuku 12 aMagwaro echiHebheru padzimwe nguva anonzii? (b) Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro paHosea, uye uporofita hwake hune chokuita naani?
MABHUKU 12 okupedzisira aMagwaro echiHebheru anowanzonongedzerwa kwaari sa“vaporofita vakaderera.” Kutaura kunowanzoshandiswa muGermany kwokuti, “vaporofita vaduku,” kungaratidzika kuva kwakakodzera zvikuru, nokuti aya mabhuku haasati ari akaderera zvirokwazvo muukoshi, kunyange zvazvo urefu hwao hwakabatanidzwa huchiri huduku pane uhwo hwaIsaya kana kuti Jeremia. MuBhaibheri rechiHebheru, airangarirwa sevhoriyamu imwe uye ainzi “Gumi Namaviri.” Kuunganidzwa kwawo pamwe chete nouyu mutoo zvimwe kwakanga kuri nokuda kwechinangwa chokuchengeta, sezvo mupumburu wamanyoro muduku mumwe ungave wakaraswa nyore nyore. Sezvakaita rimwe nerimwe raaya mabhuku 12, rokutanga rinotumidzwa zita romunyori waro, Hosea, ane zita riri chimiro chakapfupikiswa chaHoshaya, kureva kuti “Akaponeswa naJah; Jah Akaponesa.”
2 Mubhuku rine zita rake, zvishoma zvinoziviswa pamusoro paHosea kunze kwokuti iye akanga ari mwanakomana waBheeri. Uporofita hwake hune chokuita kanodokuva chose chose naIsraeri, Judha achiva anodudzwa zvishoma bedzi; uye nepo Jerusarema risati richidudzwa naHosea, rudzi rukuru rwaIsraeri, Efraimi, rwunotaurwa nezvarwo nezita ka37 uye dzimbahwe raIsraeri, Samaria, ka6.
3. Hosea akaporofita kwenguva yakareba sei, uye ndivanaani vaiva vamwe vaporofita veiyi nhambo?
3 Ndima yokutanga yebhuku racho inotiudza kuti Hosea akabatira somuporofita waJehovha kwenguva refu isiri yenguva dzose, kubvira pedyo nokupera kwokutonga kwaMambo waIsraeri Jerobhoami II kusvikira mukutonga kwaHezekia waJudha. Ikoko kunovambira pasati pari pashure pa804 B.C.E. kutozosvikira pashure pa745 B.C.E., makore asati ari pasi pe59. Nguva yake yebasa rouporofita pasina panikiro yakapinda kwamakore mukutonga kwaJerobhoami II naHezekia. Mukati meiyi nguva Amosi, Isaya, Mika, uye Odhedhi vakanga vari vamwe vaporofita vakatendeka vaJehovha.—Amo. 1:1; Isa. 1:1; Mika 1:1; 2 Mako. 28:9.
4. Kunokorai mashoko uye izadzikoi dzouporofita dzinosimbisa uchokwadi hwaHosea?
4 Uchokwadi hwouporofita hwacho hunosimbiswa nokuva kwahwo hunonokorwa mashoko kanoverengeka muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Jesu amene akanokora mashoko Hosea 10:8 mukuzivisa rutongeso paJerusarema: “Muchatanga kureva kumakomo, muchiti: Wirai pamusoro pedu, nokuzvikomo: Tifukidzei.” (Ruka 23:30) Chikamu chamashoko chimwe chetechi chinonokorwa mashoko murutivi pana Zvakazarurwa 6:16. Mateo anonokora mashoko Hosea 11:1 mukuratidza kuzadzika kwouporofita, hunoti: “Ndakadana mwanakomana wangu abve Egipita.” (Mat. 2:15) Uporofita hwaHosea hwokudzorerwa kwaIsraeri wose hwakazadzikwa mukuti vakawanda vakabva muumambo hwamarudzi gumi vakakumbanirana naJudha utapwa hwake husati hwaitika uye vazukuru vavo vaiva pakati paavo vakadzoka pashure poutapwa. (Hos. 1:11; 2 Mako. 11:13-17; 30:6-12, 18, 25; Ezra 2:70) Kubvira panguva yaEzra, bhuku racho rakava nenzvimbo yaro yakarurama mundaza yamanyoro matsvene echiHebheru se“shoko raJehovha rakataurwa naHosea.”—Hos. 1:2, NW.
5. Jehovha akaranga Israeri nemhaka yokusatendekai?
5 Neiko Jehovha akatuma Hosea somuporofita wake kuna Israeri? Yakanga iri mhaka yokusatendeka kwaIsraeri nokushatiswa nokunamata Bhaari, mukuputswa kwesungano yaJehovha. MuNyika Yakapikirwa, Israeri akanga ava vanhu vanorima, asi mukuita kudaro havana kugamuchira bedzi muraramire wavaKanani asiwo rudzidziso rwavo nokunamata kwarwo Bhaari, mwari anofananidzira masimba okubereka echisiko. Muzuva raHosea Israeri akanga abva chose chose pakunamatwa kwaJehovha achitendeukira kumutambo wemheremhere, wokudhakwa waibatanidza vatano namahure apatembere. Israeri akati rubudiriro rwaibva kuna Bhaari. Akanga asina kuvimbika kuna Jehovha, asina kufanirwa naye, uye naizvozvo aifanira kurangwa. Jehovha aizomuratidza kuti pfuma yake yokunyama yakanga isingabvi kuna Bhaari, nokudaro akatuma Hosea kundonyevera Israeri chaizoreva kukundikana kupfidza. Pashure pokunge Jerobhoami II afa, Israeri akatarisana nenhambo yake inotyisa zvikurusa. Kutonga kwokutyisidzira, vatongi vakati vachipondwa, kwakapfuurira kusvikira kuutapwa hweAsiria muna 740 B.C.E. Mukati meiyi nguva, mapato maviri akarwisana, rimwe richida kuumba mubatanidzwa neEgipita, uye rimwe racho, neAsiria. Hapana rimwe boka raivimba naJehovha.
6. Chii chinopa nzwisiso pamusoro pomunyorere waHosea?
6 Munyorero waHosea unopa nzwisiso. Anowanzova munyoro uye anotapurika mukuronga kwake mashoko uye anosimbisa asimbisazve mutsa worudo nengoni zvaJehovha. Anotsanangura muudzame chiratidzo chiduku chimwe nechimwe chorupfidzo chaanoona. Mutauro wake padzimwe nguva wakakasharara uye unosundwa nemirangariro. Izvo iye anoshayiwa mudekudzo, anotsiva nokusimbisa uye simba. Anoratidzira murangariro wakasimba zvikuru, uye anochinja mufungo nokukurumidza.
7. Chii chinoenzanisirwa mukusatendeka kwaGomeri nokunaya kwake kwapashure?
7 Pakutanga kwebasa rake rouporofita, Hosea akarayirwa kutora “mukadzi woufeve.” (1:2) Zvirokwazvo Jehovha akanga ane chinangwa muna ikoku. Israeri akanga ave ari kuna Jehovha somudzimai akanga ava asina kutendeka, anoita ufeve. Bva airatidza kumuda kwake ndokuedza kumuwanazve. Mudzimai waHosea, Gomeri, aigona kuenzanisira ikoku nenzira yakarurama. Kunonzwisiswa kuti pashure pokuberekwa kwomwana wokutanga, akava asina kutendeka uye sezviri pachena akabereka vamwe vana muupombwe. (2:5-7) Ikoku kunoratidzirwa nokutaura kwechinyorwa kuti “akamuberekera [Hosea] mwanakomana” asi chichisiya nongedzero ipi neipi kumuporofita pamusoro pokuberekwa kwavamwe vana vaviri. (1:3, 6, 8) Ganhuro 3, ndima 1-3, rinoratidzika kuva rinotaura nezvekutorazve kwaHosea Gomeri, achimutenga sokunge kuti muranda, uye ikoku kunowirirana nokutorazve kwaJehovha vanhu vake pashure pokunge vapfidza upombwe hwavo.
8. Mazitai anoshandiswa nenzira yokutsinhanisa mubhuku racho?
8 Umambo hwokuchamhembe hwamarudzi gumi hwaIsraeri, kunonangidzirwa zvikurukuru mashoko ouporofita hwaHosea, hwaizivikanwawo saEfraimi, hwakatumidzwa zita rorudzi rukuru muumambo hwacho. Aya mazita, Israeri naEfraimi, anoshandiswa nenzira yokutsinhanisa mubhuku.
ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAHOSEA
9. Mazita avana vaGomeri anoratidzirei pamusoro penzira yaizobata nayo Jehovha naIsraeri?
9 Kupomba kwaIsraeri kunoenzanisirwa (1:1–3:5). “Mukadzi woufeve” waHosea anoberekera muporofita mwanakomana, Jezreeri. Gare gare anova navamwe vana vaviri, mwanasikana, Ro-ruhama, kureva kuti “[Iye Ha]ana Kunzwirwa Nyasha,” uye mwanakomana, Ro-ami, kureva kuti “Hamuzi Vanhu Vangu.” Jehovha akapa aya mazita maviri kuratidzira kuti iye haacha“zonzwiri imba yaIsraeri nyasha” uye kusimbisa kuvaramba kwake vose zvavo savanhu vake. (1:2, 6, 9) Bva, vanakomana vaJudha naIsraeri, sa“vanakomana vaMwari mupenyu,” vachaunganidzwa muchinzwano pasi pomusoro mumwe, “nokuti zuva reJezreeri richava guru.” (1:10, 11) Vacheneswa pakunamata Bhaari kwoupombwe, vanhu vaMwari vachadzoka kuna Jehovha ndokumugamuchira somurume wavo. (2:16) Jehovha uchapa Israeri chengeteko uye uchavimbisa kuva naye kusvikira kunguva isingazivikanwi mukururama, mururamisiro, mumutsa worudo, mungoni, uye mukutendeka. Mutsinhirano nezita rokuti Jezreeri (kureva kuti “Mwari Uchasima Mbeu”), Jehovha anopikira, kuti: “Ndichazvisimira iye panyika; . . . ndichati kuna ivo vakanga vasi vanhu vangu: Imi muri vanhu vangu, ivo vachati: Imi muri Mwari wangu.” (2:23) Somudzimai apfidza upombwe hwake, “vaIsraeri vachadzoka vachitsvaka Jehovha Mwari wavo naDhavhidhi mambo wavo.”—3:5.
10. Chii chichabva mukuramba zivo kworudzi rwacho?
10 Rutongeso rwouporofita pana Efraimi (naJudha) (4:1–14:9). Ndima yokutanga yeganhuro 4 inopa mamirire ezvinhu nokuda kwenyevero dzouporofita hunotevera: “Jehovha une gakava navanhu vagere munyika ino, nokuti hakune zvokwadi, kana unyoro, kana kuziva Mwari munyika ino.” Chii chichabva muaya mamirire ezvinhu? “Zvawaramba zivo, neni ndichakurambawo, kuti urege kuva muprista wangu; zvawakanganwa murayiro waMwari wako, neniwo ndichakanganwa vana vako,” anodaro Jehovha. (4:1, 6) Mudzimu umene woufeve wasakisa Israeri kutsauka. Pachava nokuzvidavirira kwaIsraeri naJudha vakafanana nehure, asi vachatsvaka Jehovha apo ivo vanozviwana vamene vari “pakutambudzika.”—5:15.
11. Hosea anoteterera sei kuna vanhu, asi nei kuri nhamo kwavari?
11 Hosea anoteterera vanhu, kuti: “Tidzokere kuna Jehovha; nokuti . . . uchatipodzazve.” Jehovha anofarira mutsa worudo nezivo youmwari panzvimbo pezvibayiro nezvipiriso zvinopiswa, asi mutsa woruzvidzo waEfraimi naJudha wakaita “sedova rinokurumidza kuenda.” (6:1, 4) Efraimi akaita “senjiva isina mano, isine njere.” Vanhu vanoenda Egipita neAsiria nokuda kweyamuro panzvimbo pokuna Jehovha. (7:11) Inhamo kwavari. Neiko? Vanodzungaira, vachiruka mazano ezvinhu zvakashata, vachidarika sungano yaJehovha, uye vachidarika mutemo wake. “Nokuti vanodyara mhepo, vachacheka chamupupuri.” (8:7) Jehovha uchayeuka chikanganiso chavo ndokungwarira zvivi zvavo. “Vachava vadzungairi pakati pamarudzi avanhu.” (9:17) Israeri muzambiringa unoshata une mwoyo wakava unonyengera. Panzvimbo pokudyara mbeu mukururama nokukohwa maererano nomutsa worudo, Israeri akarima ushati ndokukohwa kusarurama. “Ndikadana mwanakomana wangu abve Egipita,” anoyeuchidza kudaro Jehovha. (11:1) Hungu, Iye aida Israeri kubvira pauduku hwake, asi Israeri akaMupoteredza nokureva nhema nenyengedzo. Jehovha anopa zano, kuti: “Chidzokera kuna Mwari wako; chengeta rudo nokururamisa, urambe uchimirira Mwari wako.”—12:6.
12. (a) Hosea anopfupikisei muganhuro rechi13? (b) Kudzorerwai kunopikirwa?
12 Muganhuro rechi13, Hosea anopfupikisa zvose zvapfuura kare pamusoro pechipikirwa chapakuvamba chaIsraeri netarisiro younyoro yaJehovha, pamwe chete nokukanganwa kwaIsraeri nokupandukira Jehovha kwokupedzisira kworudzi rwacho. Jehovha anozivisa, kuti: “Ndakakupai mambo pakutsamwa kwangu, ndichamubvisazve nehasha dzangu.” (13:11) Asi, ipapo, pachava nokudzorerwa: “Ndichavadzikinura pasimba reSheori, ndichavadzikinura parufu. Haiwa, rufu, hosha dzako dziripiko? Haiwa, Sheori, kuparadza kwako kuripi?” (13:14) Zvisinei, mugumo weSamaria rinopandukira uchava unotyisa zvirokwazvo.
13. Kukumbirai kunogumisa bhuku raHosea, uye ndiani achafamba munzira dzaJehovha?
13 Bhuku racho rinogumisa nomukumbiro unosuruvarisa: ‘Dzokerai, haiwa Israeri, kuna Jehovha Mwari wenyu, nokuti makagumburwa nechakaipa chenyu. Tsvakai kuregererwa, uye ipaiwo nzombe duku dzemiromo yenyu. Jehovha uchakunzwirai nyasha norudo. Achava sedova rinozorodza kwamuri, uye muchatunga seruva nomuorivhi.’ Wakachenjera uye akangwara achanzwisisa izvi zvinhu: “Nokuti nzira dzaJehovha dzakarurama, vakarurama vachafamba nadzo; asi vadariki vachawa madziri.”—14:1-6, 9.
CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA
14. Kuzadzikai kwakarurama kwouporofita hwaHosea kunofanira kucherekedzwa?
14 Bhuku raHosea rinosimbisa kutenda muuporofita hwakafuridzirwa hwaJehovha. Chinhu chiri chose icho Hosea akaporofita pamusoro paIsraeri naJudha chakazadzika. Israeri akatizwa navadiwa vake pakati pamarudzi ari vavakidzani anonamata zvidhori uye akakohwa chamupupuri choruparadziko rwakabva Asiria muna 740 B.C.E. (Hos. 8:7-10; 2 Madz. 15:20; 17:3-6, 18) Zvisinei, Hosea akanga afanotaura kuti Jehovha aizonzwira Judha ngoni ndokumuponesa, asi kwete kupfurikidza nesimba rehondo. Ikoku kwakazadzikwa apo ngirozi yaJehovha yakauraya vane 185 000 vavaAsiria vaityisidzira Jerusarema. (Hos. 1:7; 2 Madz. 19:34, 35) Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, Judha akabatanidzwa murutongeso rwaHosea 8:14: “Ini ndichatuma mwoto kumaguta avo, uchapedza dzimba dzoushe dzawo,” kufanotaura kwakava nokuzadzika kunotyisa apo Nebhukadnezari akaita Judha neJerusarema matongo, 609-607 B.C.E. (Jer. 34:6, 7; 2 Mako. 36:19) Uporofita hwakawanda hwaHosea hwokudzorerwa hwakazadzikwa apo Jehovha akaunganidza pamwe chete Judha naIsraeri, uye ‘ivo vakabuda munyika’ youtapwa hwavo muna 537 B.C.E.—Hos. 1:10, 11; 2:14-23; 3:5; 11:8-11; 13:14; 14:1-9; Ezra 2:1; 3:1-3.
15. Vanyori vaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki vanoshandisa sei kunokora mashoko mubhuku raHosea?
15 Nongedzero kuuporofita hwaHosea dzakaitwa navanyori vaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki dzinobetserawo zvikurusa nokuda kwokurangarira kwedu nhasi. Somuenzaniso, Pauro anoita kushandiswa kune simba kwaHosea 13:14 mukukurukura rumuko: “Rufu, kukunda kwako kuripiko? Iwe rufu, rumborera rwako ruripiko?” (1 VaK. 15:55) Mukusimbisa mutsa usakafanirwa waJehovha sounoratidzirwa kumidziyo yengoni, Pauro anonokora mashoko muna Hosea 1:10 naHo 2:23: “Sezvaanorevawo pabhuku yaHosea, achiti: Avo vakanga vasi vanhu vangu, ndichavaita vanhu vangu; naiye wakanga asi mudikanwa, ndichamuidza mudikanwa. Zvichaitika kuti paya pakanga parehwa kwavari: Hamuzi vanhu vangu, ipapo vachaidzwa vanakomana vaMwari mupenyu.” (VaR. 9:25, 26) Petro anotaura namamwe mashoko zvikamu zvamashoko zvimwe chetezvi zvinobva muna Hosea mukuti: “Imi kare makanga musi vanhu; asi zvino muri vanhu vaMwari; makanga musinganzwirwi ngoni, asi zvino manzwirwa ngoni.”—1 Pet. 2:10.
16. Jesu akadzokorora mashokoi aHosea seanoratidza zvinodikanwa zvaJehovha zvokunamata?
16 Nokudaro, uporofita hwaHosea hunoonekwa kuve hwakazadzikwa kwete bedzi mukudzoka kwavakasarira muzuva raZerubhabheri asiwo mukuunganidza kwengoni kwaJehovha vakasarira vomudzimu vanova ‘vanakomana vanodiwa vaMwari mupenyu.’ Kupfurikidza nefuridziro Hosea akaona zvinodikanwa zvaivava. Hakusati kuri kuoneka kwokunamata kune muitiro wenguva dzose, asi mumashoko aHosea 6:6 (ayo Jesu akadzokorora pana Mateo 9:13 na12:7, NW): “Ndinofarira mutsa worudo, uye kwete chibayiro; uye kuziva Mwari panzvimbo pezvipiriso zvose zvinopiswa.”
17. (a) Chii chiri madikanwa nokuda kwavapi navapi vanogumburwa muupombwe hwomudzimu? (b) Chipikirwai chinofadza choUmambo chiri mubhuku raHosea?
17 Muenzaniso womudzimai woufeve uyo wakaenzanisirwa zvakajeka kwazvo muupenyu humene hwaHosea unoratidza kuti Jehovha anovenga avo vanobva kwaari vachipinda munzira dzokunamata zvidhori nokunamata kwenhema, nokudaro vachiita upombwe hwomudzimu. Vapi navapi vakagumburwa muchikanganiso vanofanira kudzoka kuna Jehovha murupfidzo rwechokwadi ndo‘kupawo nzombe duku dzemiromo yavo.’ (Hos. 14:2; VaH. 13:15) Ivava vangafara navakasarira vavanakomana vomudzimu vaIsraeri mukuzadzikwa kwechipikirwa choUmambo chaHosea 3:5, chinoti: “Pashure vana vaIsraeri vachadzoka vachitsvaka Jehovha Mwari wavo naDhavhidhi mambo wavo; vachauya kuna Jehovha vachitya, nokuunyoro hwake namazuva okupedzisira.”