Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 33—Mika

Munyori: Mika

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Judha

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: 717 B.C.E. asati asvika

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: Munenge muna 777–717 B.C.E.

 1. Mika akanga ari murume worudzii?

FUNGA nezvemurume akakura mumudzimu, uyo akapedzera makore akawanda mubasa rokutendeka kuna Jehovha. Funga nezvemurume akashinga, uyo aigona kuudza vatongi verudzi rwake kuti, “Iyemi, munovenga zvakanaka, muchida zvakaipa, . . . munodya nyama yavanhu vangu, muchisvuura ganda ravo.” Funga nezvemurume anozvininipisa, uyo anopa mbiri yose yokutaura kwake kune simba kuna Jehovha, ane mudzimu waakataura nawo. Hausaizofarikanya here kuzivana nomurume akadaro? Ipfuma yakadini yamashoko nezano rakanaka zvaangagona kupa! Muporofita Mika akanga ari murume akadaro. Tichiri kukwanisa kuwana zano rake rakanaka mubhuku rine zita rake.—Mika 3:2, 3, 8.

 2. Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro paMika nenhambo yokuporofita kwake?

² Sezvo kuri kwechokwadi nezvevakawanda vavaporofita, zvishomanene zvikuru zvinotaurwa pamusoro paMika amene mubhuku rake; rakanga riri shoko rakanga richikosha. Zita rokuti Mika chimiro chakapfupikiswa chaMikaeri (kureva kuti, “Ndiani Akafanana naMwari?”) kana kuti Mikaya (kureva kuti, “Ndiani Akafanana naJehovha?”). Akabatira somuporofita mukati mokutonga kwaJotami, Ahazi, uye Hezekia (777-717 B.C.E.), uko kwakamuita murarami wapanguva imwe cheteyo wavaporofita Isaya naHosea. (Isa. 1:1; Hos. 1:1) Nhambo chaiyoiyo yokuporofita kwake haizivikanwi, asi anenge akanga ari makore 60. Uporofita hwake hwokuparadzwa kweSamaria hunofanira kuve hwakapiwa kuparadzwa kweguta kusati kwaitika muna 740 B.C.E., uye kunyora kwose kunofanira kuve kwakapedzwa pakasvika kupera kwokutonga kwaHezekia, 717 B.C.E. (Mika 1:1) Mika akanga ari muporofita womumaruwa akabva mumusha waMoresheti muShifera yakaorera, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumavirazuva kweJerusarema. Kurovedzana kwake noupenyu hwomumaruwa kunoratidzwa murudzi rwemienzaniso yaakashandisa kujekesa mapfundo okuzivisa kwake.—2:12; 4:12, 13; 6:15; 7:1, 4, 14.

 3. Mika akabatira munguvai dzine revo, uye neiko Jehovha akamutuma somuporofita?

³ Mika akararama munguva dzine ngozi nedzine revo. Zviitiko zvinoitika nokukurumidza zvakanga zvichishura jambwa nokuda kwoumambo hwaIsraeri naJudha. Ushati hwetsika nokunamatwa kwezvidhori zvakanga zvatanga muna Israeri, uye ikoku kwakaunzira rudzi rwacho kuparadzwa kwakaitwa navaAsiria, sezviri pachena mukati menduramo yaMika amene. Judha akabva pakuita zvakanaka mukutonga kwaJotami achienda kukudzokorora uipi hwaIsraeri mukutonga kwokupandukira kwaAhazi uye ipapo kukunaya mukati mokutonga kwaHezekia. Jehovha akamutsa Mika kuti anyevere vanhu Vake nezveicho Iye akanga achiunza pavari. Uporofita hwaMika hwakabatira kusimbisa uhwo hwaIsaya naHosea.—2 Madz. 15:32–20:21; 2 Mako. maganh. 27-32; Isa. 7:17; Hos. 8:8; 2 VaK. 13:1.

 4. Chii chinobvumikisa uchokwadi hwebhuku raMika?

⁴ Pane ufakazi hwakawanda hwokuratidza uchokwadi hwebhuku raMika. Ranguve richigamuchirwa navaJudha sorutivi rwendaza yamanyoro matsvene echiHebheru. Jeremia 26:18, 19 rinonongedzera nomutoo wakananga kumashoko aMika, anoti: “Zioni richarimwa somunda . . . , Jerusarema richaitwa mirwi yamabwe.” (Mika 3:12) Uhu uporofita hwakazadzikwa zvakarurama muna 607 B.C.E. apo mambo weBhabhironi akaparadzanya Jerusarema, “kuti aparire matongo.” (2 Mako. 36:19, NW) Uporofita hwakafanana pamusoro peSamaria, kuti raizova “murwi wamabwe omunda,” hwakazadzikwa nenzira yakafanana. (Mika 1:6, 7) Samaria rakaitwa matongo nevaAsiria muna 740 B.C.E. apo vakapinza umambo hwokuchamhembe hwaIsraeri muutapwa. (2 Madz. 17:5, 6) Gare gare rakakundwa naAlexander Mukuru muzana ramakore rechina B.C.E. uye rakaparadzwa navaJudha vaitungamirirwa naJohn Hyrcanus I muzana ramakore rechipiri B.C.E. Nezveuku kuparadzwa kwokupedzisira kweSamaria, The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, 1970, peji 822, inoti: “Mukundi akarikoromora, achiedza kubvisa zvibvumikiso zvose zvokuti guta rakasimbiswa rakanga rambova pachikomo chacho.”

 5. Sayenzi yokuchera matongo inopupurirei kukuzadzika kwouporofita hwaMika?

⁵ Ufakazi hwesayenzi yokuchera matongo hunowedzerawo kutsigira kwayo kuzadzika kwouporofita hwaMika. Kuparadzwa kweSamaria navaAsiria kunonongedzerwa kwakuri mumabhuku enhoroondo eAsiria. Somuenzaniso, mambo weAsiria Sargoni akaganza, achiti: “Ndakakomberedza ndokukunda Samaria (Sa-me-ri-na).”a Zvisinei, angave chaizvoizvo aiva mutangiri waSargon, Shalmaneser V, akapedzisa rukundo rwacho. Pamusoro paShalmaneser, nhoroondo yeBhabhironi, inoti: “Iye akaparadzanya Samaria.”b Kuvhozhokerwa kwaJudha mukutonga kwaHezekia, sezvakafanotaurwa naMika, kwakasanorondedzerwa naSanheribhi. (Mika 1:6, 9; 2 Madz. 18:13) Akaita kuti kuitwe mufananidzo mukuru une mativi mana pamadziro edzimbahwe rake paNinevhe unoratidzira kutapwa kweRakishi. Paibwe rake iye anoti: “Ndakakomba kusvikira ku46 amaguta ake akasimba . . . Ndakadzinga (maari) vanhu vane 200 150 . . . Ndakaita iye amene musungwa muJerusarema, ugaro hwake hwoumambo, seshiri iri mudendere.” Anorongawo muripo wakaripwa kwaari naHezekia, kunyange zvazvo achitutsira chitsama chacho. Haadudzi nezvengwavaira yakawira mauto ake.c—2 Madz. 18:14-16; 19:35.

 6. Chii chinoita kuti uporofita hwaMika husambopanikirwe?

⁶ Hunoita kuti kufuridzirwa kwebhuku racho kusambopanikirwa ndihwo uporofita hwakatanhamara hwaMika 5:2, hunofanotaura nzvimbo yokuberekerwa yaMesiya. (Mat. 2:4-6) Kunewo zvikamu zvamashoko zvinowiriraniswa nokutaura kuri muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki.— Mika 7:6, 20; Mat. 10:35, 36; Ruka 1:72, 73.

 7. Chii chingataurwa nezvesimba raMika rokutaura?

⁷ Nepo Mika angave aibva mumaruwa aJudha, zvirokwazvo akanga asingashayiwi mano okutaura iye amene. Kumwe kwokutaura kwakaisvonaka zvikurusa kuri muShoko raMwari kunowanwa mubhuku rake. Ganhuro 6 rakanyorwa mukurukurirano inoshamisa. Kuchinja kwakamwe kamwe kunobata ngwariro yomuravi sezvo Mika anoenda nokukurumidza achibva papfundo rimwe achienda kune rimwe, kubva pakutuka kuenda kuchikomborero uye achidzokerazve. (Mika 2:10, 12; 3:1, 12; 4:1) Madimikira akajeka akawanda: Pakubuda kwaJehovha, “makomo achanyauka pasi pake, mipata ichapamuka senamo yakaiswa pamwoto, semvura inodururwa pamawere.”—1:4; onawo 7:17.

 8. Chii chiri mune chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvitatu zvebhuku raMika?

⁸ Bhuku racho ringakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvitatu, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chichivamba na“Chinzwai” uye chine kutuka, nyevero dzechirango, uye zvipikirwa zvechikomborero.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAMIKA

 9. Zvirangoi zvinoitirwa Samaria naJudha?

⁹ Chikamu 1 (1:1–2:13). Jehovha anobuda mutembere yake kuzoranga Samaria nokuda kwokunamata kwaro zvidhori. Achariita “murwi wamabwe” ndoku“kandira mabwe aro mumupata,” achingunoputsanya mifananidzo yaro yakavezwa. Haringaporeswi. Judhawo ane mhaka uye achavhozhokerwa “kusvikira kusuo reJerusarema.” Avo vanorangana zvinhu zvinokuvadza vanoshurikidzwa uye vachachema, vachiti: “Takaparadzwa chose.”—1:6, 12; 2:4.

10. Ngoni dzaJehovha dzinooneka sei?

¹⁰ Nokukurumidza ngoni dzaJehovha dzinooneka, muzita raJehovha, sezvo muporofita anozivisa, kuti: “Zvirokwazvo ndichakuunganidzai imi mose, imi Jakobho; . . . ndichavaisa pamwe chete samakwai muchirugu, seboka ramakwai pakati pamafuro awo; vachaita ruzha rukuru nokuwanda kwavanhu.”—2:12.

11. (a) Ishurikidzoi zvino dzinoitirwa vatongi vaJakobho naIsraeri? (b) Mika anobvuma sei manyuko oushingi hwake?

¹¹ Chikamu 2 (3:1–5:15). Mika ipapo anopfuurira, kuti: “Chinzwai henyu, imi vakuru vaJakobho, navabati veimba yaIsraeri.” Shurikidzo yakakomba inoitirwa ava va“novenga zvakanaka, [va]chida zvakaipa” vanodzvinyirira vanhu. Vaka“vhuna mafupa avo.” (3:1-3) Vanobatanidzwa pamwe chete navo ndivo vaporofita venhema vasingapi nhungamiro yechokwadi, vanoparira vanhu vaMwari kuti vadzungaire. Hunopfuura ushingi hwomunhu hunodikanwa kuzivisa iri shoko! Asi Mika nenzira ine chivimbo anoti: “Kana ndirini, ndizere nesimba pamwe chete no[mudzimu, NW] waJehovha, nokutonga nokutsunga, kuti ndiparidzire Jakobho kudarika kwavo, uye Israeri zvivi zvavo.” (3:8) Kuzvidza kwake vatongi vane mhaka yeropa kunosvika mugumo wakakomba: “Vakuru varo vanotamba mhaka kuti vapiwe zvipo, vaprista varo vanodzidzisa kuti vapiwe mubayiro, vaporofita varo vanouka kuti vapiwe mari.” (3:11) Naizvozvo Zioni richarimwa somunda, uye Jerusarema harisati richizova chinhu kunze kwomurwi wamatongo.

12. Uporofitai hwakaisvonaka hunopiwa nokuda kwa“mazuva okupedzisira”?

¹² Zvakare mukupesana kwakamwe kamwe, uporofita hwacho hunotendeukira ku“mazuva okupedzisira” kuti hupe kurondedzerwa kwakaisvonaka, kunoorora kwokudzorerwa kwokunamatwa kwaJehovha pagomo rake. (4:1) Marudzi akawanda achakwira kundodzidza nzira dzaJehovha, nokuti mutemo wake neshoko zvichabuda muZioni nomuJerusarema. Havazodzidzizve kurwa, asi mumwe nomumwe uchagara pasi pomuzambiringa wake nomuonde. Havazotyi. Vanhu ngavatevere mumwe nomumwe mwari wake, asi vanamati vechokwadi vachafamba muzita raJehovha Mwari wavo, uye iye uchavatonga saMambo nokusingaperi. Kutanga, zvisinei, Zioni rinofanira kuenda muutapwa kuBhabhironi. Jehovha uchaparadzanya vavengi varo bedzi pakudzorerwa kwaro.

13. Rudzii rwomutongi achabuda muBhetrehema, uye “vakasara vaJakobho” vachava vakafanana nechii?

¹³ Mika zvino anofanotaura kuti mutongi muna Israeri “mabudiro ake ndaakare” achabuda muBhetrehema Efrata. Achatonga so‘mufudzi musimba raJehovha’ ndokuva mukuru, kwete muna Israeri, asi “kusvikira kumigumo yenyika.” (5:2, 4) MuAsiria anovhozhokera uchava norubudiriro rwechinguvana bedzi, nokuti uchadzoswa uye nyika yake amene ichaitwa dongo. “Vakasara vaJakobho” vachava se“dova rinobva kuna Jehovha” pakati pavanhu uye seshumba nokuda kwoushingi pakati pamarudzi. (5:7) Jehovha uchadzura kunamata kwenhema uye uchaita matsive pamarudzi asingateereri.

14. (a) Chikamu chechi3 chebhuku raMika chinovamba nokushandiswa kwomuenzanisoi? (b) Vanhu vaIsraeri vakakundikana kusvitsa zvinodikanwai zvaJehovha?

¹⁴ Chikamu 3 (6:1–7:20). Chiono chedare chinoshamisa zvino chinoratidzwa mukurukurirano. Jehovha ane “mhaka” naIsraeri, uye anodana zvikomo zvimene namakomo sezvapupu. (6:1, NW) Anodenha Israeri kuti apupurire mukurwisa naye, uye anorondedzera mabasa ake akarurama nokuda kwavo. Jehovha anodei kumunhu wapasi? Kwete zvibayiro zvakawanda zvemhuka, asi, panzvimbo pezvo, “kuti [a]ite zvakarurama, [a]de unyoro, uye [a]fambe [a]chizvininipisa pamberi paMwari” wake. (6:8) Izvozvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinoshayikwa muna Israeri. Panzvimbo pokururamisira nomutsa pane “zviyero zvakashata,” masimba masimba, nhema, uye kunyengera. (6:11) Panzvimbo pokufamba nenzira yokuzvininipisa naMwari, vari kufamba mumazano akaipa nokunamata zvidhori zvaOmri naAhabhi, vaitonga muSamaria.

15. (a) Muporofita anochemerei? (b) Bhuku raMika rine mhedzisoi yakakodzera?

¹⁵ Muporofita anochemera kushata kwetsika dzavanhu vake. Chokwadi, kunyange “wakarurama [wavo] kupfuura vose [wakaipa ku]pfuura ruzhowa rweminzwa.” (7:4) Pane kunyengera pakati peshamwari dzapedyo uye mukati memhuri. Mika haaori mwoyo. “Ndichatarira kuna Jehovha, ndichamirira Mwari woruponeso rwangu; Mwari wangu uchandinzwa.” (7:7) Anonyevera vamwe kusafarira kuranga kwaJehovha vanhu Vake, nokuti kununurwa kuchauya. Jehovha uchafudza nokudyisa vanhu vake ndokuvaratidza “zvinhu zvinoshamisa,” zvinotyisa marudzi. (7:15) Mukupfiga bhuku rake, Mika anosimbisa pfungwa yezita rake kupfurikidza nokurumbidza Jehovha nokuda kwomutsa Wake worudo unofadza. Hungu, ‘Ndiani ari Mwari akafanana naJehovha?’—7:18.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

16. (a) Uporofita hwaMika hwakabvumikisa sei kuva hunobetsera muzuva raHezekia? (b) Rine mirayiridzoi ine simba nokuda kweiri zuva razvino?

¹⁶ Anenge makore 2 700 akapfuura, kuporofita kwaMika kwakabvumikisa kuva ‘kunobetsera [zvikurusa] nokuda kwokutsiura,’ nokuti Mambo Hezekia waJudha akagamuchira shoko rake uye akatungamirira rudzi kurupfidzo nokuchinja kworudzidziso. (Mika 3:9-12; Jer. 26:18, 19; enzanisa na2 Madzimambo l8:1-4.) Nhasi uhu uporofita hwakafuridzirwa hunotobetsera zvikuru. Inzwai, mose munoti muri vanamati vaMwari, nyevero dzakajeka dzaMika parudzidziso rwenhema, kunamata zvidhori, kureva nhema, uye masimba masimba! (Mika 1:2; 3:1; 6:1) Pauro anosimbisa idzi nyevero pana 1 VaKorinte 6:9-11, apo anotaura kuti vaKristu vechokwadi vakacheneswa uye kuti hakuna munhu anoita miitiro yakadaro achagara nhaka Umambo hwaMwari. Nenzira yakapfava neyakajeka, Mika 6:8 inotsanangura kuti chinodikanwa chaJehovha ndechokuti munhu afambe Naye mururamisiro, mutsa, uye kuzvininipisa.

17. Bhuku raMika rinogovera rukurudziroi nokuda kwaavo vanobatira Mwari muchitambudzo nenhamo?

¹⁷ Mika akapa shoko rake pakati pavanhu vakakamukana kwazvo zvokuti ‘vavengi vomunhu vaiva vanhu vemhuri yake.’ VaKristu vechokwadi vanowanzoparidza mumamirire ezvinhu akafanana, uye vamwe vanotosangana nokucherwa nechitambudzo chakakasharara mukati moukama hwavo vamene hwemhuri. Nguva dzose vanofanira kumirira Jehovha nenzira yokushivirira, ‘Mwari woruponeso rwavo.’ (Mika 7:6, 7; Mat. 10:21, 35-39) Mukutambudzwa kana kuti apo vanonangana nomugove wakaoma, avo vanotsamira noushingi pana Jehovha, saMika, va“[chava va]zere nesimba pamwe chete no[mudzimu, NW] waJehovha,” mukutaura shoko Rake. Mika akaporofita kuti ushingi hwakadaro hwaizova pachena zvikurukuru mu“vakasara vaJakobho.” Ivava vaizova vakafanana ne‘shumba pakati pamarudzi, pakati pavanhu vazhinji,’ uye panguva imwe cheteyo sedova rinozorodza nemvura inonaya inobva kuna Jehovha. Mavara aya akaoneka zvirokwazvo mu‘vakasara vaIsraeri (Jakobho)’ avo vakava mitezo yeungano yechiKristu yomuzana rokutanga ramakore.—Mika 3:8; 5:7, 8; VaR. 9:27; 11:5, 26.

18. Uporofitai hwaMika hunobatana nokutonga kwoUmambo hwaMwari kupfurikidza naKristu Jesu?

¹⁸ Kuberekerwa kwaJesu paBhetrehema, mukuzadzikwa kwouporofita hwaMika, hakusati kuchingosimbisa bedzi kufuridzirwa noumwari kwebhuku racho asi kunovhenekera mashoko akapoteredza endima yacho seyouporofita hwokuuya kwoUmambo hwaMwari hunodzorwa naKristu Jesu. Jesu ndiye uyo anobuda muBhetrehema (Imba Yechingwa) nebetsero dzinopa upenyu nokuda kwavose vanoshandisa kutenda muchibayiro chake. Ndiye ano“fudza makwai ake nesimba raJehovha” uye ikoko kunokura uye kunoreva rugare kumigumo yapasi pakati peboka rakadzorerwa, rakabatanidzwa raMwari.—Mika 5:2, 4; 2:12; Joh. 6:33-40.

19. (a) Rukurudziroi runokurudzira kutenda runogoverwa nokuda kwaavo vanogara mu“mazuva okupedzisira”? (b) Bhuku raMika rinokudza sei uchangamire hwaJehovha?

¹⁹ Kurudziro huru inowanwa muuporofita hwaMika pamusoro pa“mazuva okupedzisira,” apo “marudzi akawanda” anotsvaka murayiridzo unobva kuna Jehovha. “Vachapfura minondo yavo vachiiita mapadza, namapfumo avo vachiaita mapanga okuchekerera miti; rudzi rumwe harungazosimudziri rumwe rudzi munondo, havangazodzidzi kurwa. Asi mumwe nomumwe uchagara pasi pomuzambiringa wake napasi pomuonde wake, hakuna ungazovatyisa, nokuti muromo waJehovha wehondo wakataura izvozvo.” Vachisiya kunamata kwose kwenhema, vanokumbanira Mika mukusimbisa, kuti: “Isu tichafamba nezita raJehovha Mwari wedu nokusingaperiperi.” Zvirokwazvo uporofita hwaMika hunokurudzira kutenda mukugovera kufanoonwa kwezviitiko izvozvi zvinokosha. Hwakatanhamarawo mukukudza Jehovha saChangamire asingagumi naMambo. Anofadza sei mashoko, okuti: “Jehovha uchavabata ushe pagomo reZioni kubva zvino nokusingaperi”!—Mika 4:1-7; 1 Tim. 1:17.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]