Jesu Akadzidzisei Nezvehero?
Jesu akati: “Zvino kana ziso rako richiita kuti utadze, ribvise. Zviri nani kuti upinde muumambo hwaMwari uine ziso rimwe chete pane kuti uine maziso maviri ukandwe muhero. Imomo mune honye dzisingafi nemoto usingambodzimi.”—MAKO 9:47, 48, Contemporary English Version.
Pane imwe nguva, Jesu akataura nezvenguva yokutonga apo achati kuvakaipa: “Ibvai kwandiri, imi makatukwa, muende kumoto usingaperi, wakagadzirirwa Dhiyabhorosi nevatumwa vake.” Akatiwo ava “vachabva vapinda mukurangwa kusingaperi.”—MATEU 25:41, 46, Bhaibheri muNdimi yeUnion Shona, Bhaibheri Rinoera.
PAUNOVERENGA mashoko aya kokutanga, zvingaita sokuti Jesu aidzidzisa nezvomoto wehero. Zviri pachena kuti Jesu akanga asingadi kupesana neShoko raMwari rinotaura zvakajeka kuti: “Vakafa havana chavanoziva.”—Muparidzi 9:5, Bhaibheri Rinoera.
Saka Jesu airevei paakataura kuti munhu aizokandwa “muhero”? “Moto usingaperi” waakanyevera nezvawo, moto chaiwo here kana kuti ndewokufananidzira? Zvinorevei kuti vakaipa “vachabva vapinda mukurangwa kusingaperi”? Ngatipindurei mumwe nomumwe wemibvunzo iyi.
Jesu airevei paakataura kuti munhu aizokandwa “muhero”? Shoko rokutanga rechiGiriki rakashandurwa kuti “hero” pana Mako 9:47 ndiGeʹen·na. Shoko iri rinobva mune rechiHebheru rokuti Geh Hin·nomʹ, rinoreva kuti “Mupata waHinomu.” Mupata waHinomu waiva kumucheto chaiko kweJerusarema rekare. Mumazuva emadzimambo evaIsraeri, waishandiswa pakupa zvibayiro zvevana—tsika inonyangadza yakarambidzwa naMwari. Mwari akati aizoparadza vaya vaiita izvi zvaibva pakunamata kwenhema. Mupata waHinomu waizonzi “mupata wokuuraya,” umo “[zvitunha] zvevanhu ava” zvaizoita murakatira zvisina kuvigwa. (Jeremiya 7:30-34, Bhaibheri muNdimi yeUnion Shona) Saka Jehovha akafanotaura kuti Mupata waHinomu waizova nzvimbo inorasirwa zvitunha zvakawanda, kwete yokutambudzira vanhu vapenyu.
Muzuva raJesu, vaigara muJerusarema vaishandisa Mupata waHinomu senzvimbo yokurasira marara. Vaikanda zvitunha zvematsotsi airura munzvimbo yemarara iyi uye moto wacho wakanga usingadzimwi kuti upise marara nezvitunha zvacho.
Zviri pachena kuti Jesu paakataura nezvehonye dzisingafi nemoto usingadzimi akanga ari kutora mashoko ari pana Isaya 66:24. Isaya anoti, “Honye dzinovadya hadzizofi, moto unovapisa hauzodzimi,” kureva ‘zvitunha zvevanhu vakapandukira Mwari.’ (Bhaibheri Rinoera) Jesu nevakanga vakamuteerera vaiziva kuti mashoko aya ari pana Isaya aireva zvaiitwa zvitunha zvevaya vasingakodzeri kuvigwa.
Naizvozvo, Jesu akashandisa Mupata waHinomu, kana kuti Gehena, achifananidzira rufu rusina tariro yokumutswa. Akajekesa pfungwa iyi paakanyevera kuti Mwari “anogona kuuraya mweya nomuviri zvose muGehena.” (Mateu 10:28, Bhaibheri muNdimi yeUnion Shona) Shoko rokuti Gehena rinofananidzira kufa zvachose, kwete kutambudzwa nokusingaperi.
“Moto usingaperi” uyo Jesu akanyevera nezvawo, moto chaiwo here kana kuti ndewokufananidzira? Ona kuti “moto usingaperi” wakataurwa naJesu uye wakanyorwa pana Mateu 25:41 wakagadzirirwa “dhiyabhorosi nevatumwa vake.” Unofunga kuti moto chaiwo ungapisa zvisikwa zvomudzimu here? Kana kuti Jesu akashandisa shoko rokuti “moto” mupfungwa yokufananidzira? Zvechokwadi “makwai nembudzi” zvakataurwa muhurukuro imwe chete iyoyo hazvisi mhuka chaidzo; mashoko okufananidzira anomiririra mapoka maviri evanhu. (Mateu 25:32, 33) Moto usingaperi wakataurwa naJesu unopisa zvachose vakaipa mupfungwa yokufananidzira.
Zvinorevei kuti vakaipa “vachabva vapinda mukurangwa kusingaperi”? Kunyange zvazvo shanduro dzakawanda dzichishandisa shoko rokuti “kurangwa” pana Mateu 25:46, shoko rechiGiriki rokuti koʹla·sin rinonyanya kureva “kuongorora kukura kunoita miti,” kana kuti kuchekerera, kubvisa mapazi asina basa. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakafanana nemakwai vachiwana upenyu husingaperi, vaya vasingapfidzi vakaita sembudzi ‘vacharangwa nokusingaperi,’ kuparadzwa zvachose.
Unofungei?
Jesu haana kumbodzidzisa kuti vanhu vane mweya usingafi. Zvisinei, aigara achidzidzisa kuti vakafa vachamutswa. (Ruka 14:13, 14; Johani 5:25-29; 11:25) Nei Jesu aizotaura kuti vakafa vaizomutswa kudai iye aidavira kuti mweya yavo yainge isina kufa?
Jesu haana kudzidzisa kuti Mwari aizoita utsinye hwokutambudza vakaipa nokusingaperi. Asi, Jesu akati: “Nokuti Mwari akada nyika nokudaro, kuti akapa Mwanakomana wake akaberekwa mumwe oga, kuti ani nani anotenda kwaari, arege kufa, asi ave noupenyu husingaperi.” (Johani 3:16, Bhaibheri muNdimi yeUnion Shona) Nei Jesu aizotaura kuti vaya vakanga vasingatendi maari vaizofa? Kudai aireva kuti vaizorarama nokusingaperi, vachitambudzwa muhero yomoto, angadai asina kungozvitaura here?
Dzidziso yokuti hero inzvimbo inotambudzirwa vanhu haibvi muBhaibheri. Asi idzidziso yechihedheni inodzidziswa seyechiKristu. (Ona bhokisi rinoti “Nhoroondo Pfupi Nezvehero,” riri papeji 6.) Mwari haatombotambudzi vanhu nokusingaperi muhero. Kudzidza chokwadi nezvehero kungakubatsira sei pamaonero aunoita Mwari?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 6]
NHOROONDO PFUPI NEZVEHERO
YAKABVA KUDZIDZISO DZECHIHEDHENI: VaIjipiti vekare vaidavira kuti kune hero yomoto. Bhuku rinonzi The Book Ȧm-Ṭuat romugore ra1375 B.C.E., rinotaura nezvevanhu “vachakandwa nomusoro mumakomba emoto; uye . . . havazokwanisi kupukunyuka, uye . . . havazokwanisi kutiza moto wacho.” Muzivi wechiGiriki ainzi Plutarch (c.46-120 C.E.) akanyora nezvevanhu vari ikoko achiti: “Vakachema vachiungudza sezvo vaitambudzwa zvinotyisa uye zvinonyadzisa uye vachirangwa zvinorwadza.”
DZIDZISO YEHERO INOPARARIRA MUCHIJUDHA: Josephus, (37-c.100 C.E.) munyori wenhoroondo dzakaitika kare, anotaura kuti vaEssenes, kapoka kechiJudha, vaidavira kuti “mweya haifi, uye inoramba ichirarama nokusingaperi.” Akawedzera kuti: “Izvi zvakafanana nezvinodavirwa nevaGiriki . . . Vanofunga kuti mweya yevakaipa iri munzvimbo ine rima uye inotyisa, uko vanogara vachirangwa.”
KUPINZWA KWAYAKAITWA MU“CHIKRISTU”: Muzana remakore rechipiri C.E., bhuku reapokirifa rinonzi Apocalypse of Peter rinoti nezvevakaipa: “Vanotungidzirwa moto usingadzimwi.” Rinotiwo: “Ezrael, ngirozi yokutsamwa, inounza varume nevakadzi vachibvira hafu yemiviri yavo yovakanda munzvimbo ine rima, hero yevanhu; uye mweya wokutsamwa unovaranga.” Panguva iyoyo, munyori anonzi Theophilus wokuAntioch anotora mashoko emuprofitakadzi Sibyl achifanotaura nezvokurangwa kwevakaipa: “Moto unopisa uchauya pamuri, uye muchagara muchitsva nomoto zuva nezuva.” Mashoko aya akanziwo naTheophilus ndee“chokwadi, anoshanda, akarurama, uye anobatsira vanhu vose.”
HERO YOMOTO YAKASHANDISWA KUTSIGIRA CHISIMBA CHAKAITWA MUMIDDLE AGES: Mary I, mambokadzi weEngland (1553-1558), akapisa vanhu vanoda kusvika 300 vaipinda chechi dzakabva mune yeRoma achiita zvokuvapisira padanda, anonzi akati: “Sezvo mweya yevakaramba kutenda ichizopiswa nokusingaperi muhero, hapana zvandingaitawo kunze kwokuvapisawo vachiri panyika sezvichangoitwawo naMwari kana ava kuvatsiva.”
TSANANGUDZO ITSVA: Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, zvimwe zvitendero zvakachinja zvazvinodavira nezvehero. Somuenzaniso muna 1995, Doctrine Commission of the Church of England yakati: “Hero hazvirevi kutambudzwa nokusingaperi, asi kuti kuparadzwa zvachose kwevaya vanopesana naMwari zvokuti kuguma kwavo ndekwokusavapo zvachose.”
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
“DZIVA ROMOTO” CHII?
Zvakazarurwa 20:10 inoti Dhiyabhorosi achakandwa mu“dziva romoto” ‘kuti arwadziwe masikati nousiku nokusingaperi-peri.’ (Bhaibheri muNdimi yeUnion Shona) Kudai Dhiyabhorosi aizotambudzwa nokusingaperi, Mwari aizofanira kumuchengeta ari mupenyu, asi Bhaibheri rinoti Jesu ‘achamuparadza.’ (VaHebheru 2:14) Dziva romoto rokufananidzira rinoreva “rufu rwechipiri.” (Zvakazarurwa 21:8) Urwu harusi irwo rufu runotaurwa kwokutanga muBhaibheri—rufu runokonzerwa nechivi chaAdhamu—rufu rwokuti munhu anogona kuzomutswa. (1 VaKorinde 15:21, 22) Sezvo Bhaibheri risingatauri kuti vaya vanenge vari mu“dziva romoto” vachazobuda mariri, saka “rufu rwechipiri” runoreva rufu rwakasiyana norwechivi chaAdhamu, rufu rusina tariro.
Zvinorevei kuti vaya vari mu“dziva romoto” vanotambudzwa nokusingaperi? Dzimwe nguva “kutambudza” kunoreva “kuranga” mumwe munhu. Pane imwe nguva Jesu paakasangana nemadhimoni, iwo akashevedzera achiti: “Ko mauya kuzotiparadza here [kutitandira kugomba rakadzama kwazvo] nguva isati yakwana?” (Mateu 8:29; Ruka 8:30,31; Bhaibheri Rinoera) Saka vose vaya vanenge vari “mudziva” vacharangwa nokusingaperi kana kuti vachaparadzwa vofa “rufu rwechipiri.”