Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 40—Mateo
Munyori: Mateo
Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Palestine
Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 41 C.E.
Nguva Yakafukidzwa: 2 B.C.E.–33 C.E.
1. (a) Jehovha akaisa chipikirwai pamberi porudzi rwomunhu kubvira muEdheni zvichienda mberi? (b) Tariro muna Mesiya yakava sei yakasimba zvikuru pakati pavaJudha?
KUBVIRA panguva yorupandukiro muEdheni, Jehovha akaisa pamberi porudzi rwomunhu chipikirwa chinonyaradza chokuti achagovera rununuro nokuda kwavadi vose vokururama kupfurikidza neMbeu yo“mukadzi” wake. Akaita chinangwa chokubudisa iyi Mbeu, kana kuti Mesiya, murudzi rwaIsraeri. Sezvo mazana amakore akapfuura, iye akaparira kuti uporofita huzhinji hunyorwe kupfurikidza navanyori vakafuridzirwa vechiHebheru, achiratidza kuti Mbeu yacho yaizova Mutongi muUmambo hwaMwari uye kuti yaizoita chiito nokuda kwokutsveneswa kwezita raJehovha, kuribvisira nokusingaperi ruzvidzo rwakatutirwa pariri. Udzame hwakawanda hwakagoverwa kupfurikidza naava vaporofita pamusoro paiyeyu aizova murevereri waJehovha uye uyo aizoparira kununurwa murutyo, dzvinyiriro, chivi, uye rufu. Nokupedzwa kwaMagwaro echiHebheru, tariro muna Mesiya yakasimbiswa zvikuru pakati pavaJudha.
2. Pakuoneka kwaMesiya, mamirire ezvinhu akanga akanakira sei kuparadzira mashoko akanaka?
2 Munguvayo nyika yakanga yave ichichinja. Mwari akanga atungamirira marudzi mukugadzirira kuoneka kwaMesiya, uye mamirire ezvinhu akanga akanakira kuparadzira mashoko echiitiko ichocho munzvimbo iri yose. Simba renyika rechishanu, Girisi, rakanga ragovera mutauro wavose, mutoo mukuru wekurukurirano pakati pamarudzi. Roma, simba renyika rechitanhatu, yakanga yabatanidza nyika dzayo dzayaidzora kuva umambo humwe hwenyika uye yakanga yagovera migwagwa yokuita kuti mativi ose oumambo asvikike. VaJudha vakawanda vakanga vaparadzirwa muuhwu umambo hwose, zvokuti vamwe vakanga vaziva nezvokukarira kwavaJudha Mesiya anouya. Uye zvino, anopfuura makore 4 000 pashure pechipikirwa chemuEdheni, Mesiya akanga aoneka! Mbeu yakapikirwa yakamirirwa kwenguva refu yakanga yauya! Zviitiko zvinokosha zvikurusa kusvikira panguva ino munhau yorudzi rwomunhu zvakapetenuka sezvo Mesiya akaita nenzira yokutendeka papasi pano kuda kwaBaba vake.
3. (a) Jehovha akaita gadziriroi yokunyora udzame hwoupenyu hwaJesu? (b) Chii chakasiyana pamusoro peimwe neimwe yeEvhangeri, uye neiko dzose dziri ina dziri madikanwa?
3 Yakanga yava zvakare nguva yokuti manyoro akafuridzirwa aitwe kuti izvi zviitiko zvinokosha zvinyorwe. Mudzimu waJehovha wakafuridzira varume vana vakatendeka kunyora nhoroondo dzakazvimirira, nokudaro vachigovera uchapupu hwakapetwa kana hwokuti Jesu akanga ari Mesiya, Mbeu yakapikirwa naMambo, uye vachipa udzame hwoupenyu hwake, ushumiri hwake, rufu rwake, uye rumuko rwake. Idzi nhauro dzinonzi Evhangeri, shoko rokuti “evhangeri” richireva “mashoko akanaka.” Nepo ina dzacho dzichiwirirana uye kazhinji kazhinji dzichifukidza zviitiko zvimwe chetezvo, haasati achitongova makopiwo zvawo eimwe neimwe. Evhangeri nhatu dzokutanga kazhinji kazhinji dzinonzi dzine murangariro wakafanana, kureva kuti “murangariro wakafanana,” sezvo dzine kusvika kwakafanana mukurondedzera upenyu hwaJesu pasi pano. Asi mumwe nomumwe wavanyori vana—Mateo, Marko, Ruka, uye Johane—anotaura nhau yake amene yaKristu. Mumwe nomumwe ane musoro wake amene wakati nevavariro, anoratidzira unhu hwake amene, uye anorangarira varavi vake vapanguva iyoyo. Kana tikanzvera zvikuru manyoro avo, tinonzwisisa zvikuru mativi akasiyana omumwe nomumwe uye kuti aya mabhuku mana akafuridzirwa eBhaibheri anoumba nhoroondo dzakazvimirira, dzinozadzisa, uye dzinotsinhirana dzoupenyu hwaJesu Kristu.
4. Chii chinozivikanwa nezvomunyori weEvhangeri yokutanga?
4 Wokutanga kunyora mashoko akanaka pamusoro paKristu akanga ari Mateo. Zita rake zvimwe chimiro chakapfupikiswa cha“Mattithiah” wechiHebheru, rinoreva kuti “Chipo chaJehovha.” Akanga ari mumwe wavaapostora 12 vakasarudzwa naJesu. Mukati menguva iyo Tenzi akafamba munyika yose yePalestine achiparidza nokudzidzisa pamusoro poUmambo hwaMwari, Mateo akanga ane ukama hwapedyo, hwomunhu oga naye. Asati ava mudzidzi waJesu, Mateo akanga ari muteresi, basa iro vaJudha vaivenga chose chose, sezvo rakanga riri chiyeuchidzo chenguva dzose kwavari chokuti vakanga vasina kusununguka asi vakanga vari muudzori hwoumambo hweRoma. Mateo aizivikanwawo saRevhi uye akanga ari mwanakomana waArfeo. Akagamuchira nokudisa kokero yaJesu yokumutevera.—Mat. 9:9; Marko 2:14; Ruka 5:27-32.
5. Mateo anobvumikiswa sei somunyori weEvhangeri yokutanga?
5 Nepo Evhangeri inonzi yakanyorwa naMateo isingamududzi somunyori, uchapupu hukuru hwevezvenhau vapakuvamba vechechi hunomuratidzira seakadaro. Zvichida hakuna bhuku rakare rine munyori waro akabvumikiswa zvakajeka zvikuru uye nebvumirano yavose kupfuura bhuku raMateo. Kuvambira shure zvikuru sepana Papias weHierapolis (pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechipiri C.E.) zvichienda mberi, tine mutsetse wezvapupu zvapakuvamba zveidi rokuti Mateo akanyora iyi Evhangeri uye kuti iyo rutivi rwechokwadi rweShoko raMwari. Cyclopedia yaMcClintock naStrong inoti: “Zvikamu zvamashoko zviri muna Mateo zvinonokorwa mashoko naJustin Martyr, nomunyori wetsamba yakaenda kuna Diognetus (ona muJustin Martyr yaOtto, vhor. ii), naHegesippus, Irenæus, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, Clement, Tertullian, uye Origen. Tinokurangarira sokwakabvumikiswa kuti bhuku ratinaro rakanga risina kuitwa chinjo ipi neipi yakamwe kamwe kwete kubva munhauwo zvayo, asi mutoo wokunokora mashoko, kubva mukukwirira kwakaterama sokuchiremera chakabvumikiswa, kubva mukusavapo kwezviratidzo zvose zvepanikiro.” Idi rokuti Mateo akanga ari muapostora uye, seakadaro, akanga ane mudzimu waMwari paari rinovimbisa kuti zvaakanyora zvaizova chinyorwa chakatendeka.
6, 7. (a) Evhangeri yaMateo yakatanga kunyorwa rini uye mumutauroi? (b) Chii chinoratidzira kuti yakanyorerwa zvikurukuru vaJudha? (c) New World Translation ine zita rokuti Jehovha muiyi Evhangeri kangani, uye neiko?
6 Mateo akanyora nhoroondo yake ari muPalestine. Gore chairoiro harizivikanwi, asi mashoko ari pamugumo wamamwe manyoro (ose apashure pezana ramakore rechigumi C.E.) anotaura kuti rakanga riri 41 C.E. Pane ufakazi hwokuratidzira kuti Mateo pakuvamba akanyora Evhangeri yake muchiHebheru chakakurumbira chenguva yacho gare gare ndokuishandurira muchiGiriki. Mubhuku rake rinonzi De viris inlustribus (Pamusoro Pavanhu Vakakurumbira), ganhuro III, Jerome anoti: “Mateo, uyo ariwo Revhi, uye uyo kubva pakuva muteresi akasvika pakuva muapostora, kutanga kwazvose akanyora Evhangeri yaKristu muJudhea mumutauro namabhii zvechiHebheru nokuda kwokubetserwa kwaavo vokudzingiswa avo vakanga vatenda.” Jerome anowedzera kuti rugwaro rwechiHebheru rweiyi Evhangeri rwakachengetwa muzuva rake (zana ramakore rechina nerechishanu C.E.) muraibhurari iyo Pamphilus akanga aunganidza muKesaria.
7 Pakuvamba muzana ramakore rechitatu, Origen, mukukurukura Evhangeri, anonokorwa mashoko naEusebius seanotaura kuti “yokutanga yakanyorwa . . . naMateo, . . . uyo akaibudisa nokuda kwaavo vakabva kuchiJudha vakasvika pakudavira, yakanyorwa sezvayakanga yakaita mumutauro wechiHebheru.” Kuti yakanyorwa zvikurukuru kuchirangarirwa vaJudha kunoratidzirwa nemutsara wayo wedzinza, uyo unoratidza mutsara wedzinza wapamutemo waJesu kutangira pana Abrahama, uye kupfurikidza nenongedzero dzayo dzakawanda kuMagwaro echiHebheru, ichiratidza kuti dzainongedzera mberi kuna Mesiya anouya. Kune mufungo kudavira kuti Mateo akashandisa zita roumwari rokuti Jehovha muchimiro cheTetragrammaton apo ainokora mashoko mumativi aMagwaro echiHebheru aiva nezita racho. Ndicho chikonzero nei bhuku raMateo muNew World Translation rine zita rokuti Jehovha ka18, sezvinoita shanduro yechiHebheru yaMateo yakabudiswa pakuvamba naF. Delitzsch muzana ramakore rechi19. Mateo aizove akava nechimiro chimwe chetecho chendangariro saJesu kuzita roumwari uye angave asina kudziviswa nokutenda mashura kwakanga kwakapararira kwechiJudha pamusoro pokusashandisa zita iroro.—Mat. 6:9; Joh. 17:6, 26.
8. Idi rokuti Mateo akanga ave ari muteresi rinoratidzirwa sei muzviri muEvhangeri yake?
8 Sezvo Mateo akanga ave ari muteresi, kwakanga kuri kwomuzvarirwo kuti aizova akananga mukududza kwake mari, nhamba, uye ukoshi. (Mat. 17:27; 26:15; 27:3) Akaonga zvikuru ngoni dzaMwari mukumubvumira, muteresi aizvidzwa, kuva mushumiri wamashoko akanaka nomusonganiri wapedyo waJesu. Naizvozvo, tinowana Mateo oga pavanyori veEvhangeri achitipa kusimbisa asimbisazve kwaJesu kuti ngoni dzinodikanwa mukuwedzera kuchibayiro. (9:9-13; 12:7; 18:21-35) Mateo akakurudzirwa zvikuru nomutsa usakafanirwa waJehovha uye anonyora nenzira yakakodzera mamwe amashoko anonyaradza zvikurusa ayo Jesu akataura: “Uyai kwandiri, imi mose makaneta, makaremerwa, ini ndichakuzorodzai. Muise joko rangu pamusoro penyu, mudzidze kwandiri; nokuti ndiri munyoro, ndine mwoyo unozvininipisa, kuti muwane zororo pamweya yenyu. Nokuti joko rangu rakanaka, nomutoro wangu unorerukira.” (11:28-30) Aya mashoko manyoro akanga achizorodza sei nokuda kwouyu aichimbova muteresi, kwaari, pasina panikiro, vanhu biyake vomunyika yake vakanga vanangidzira kutuka bedzi!
9. Musoroi nomutoo wokupa zvinoratidzira Mateo?
9 Mateo zvikurukuru akasimbisa kuti musoro wekudzidzisa kwaJesu wakanga uri “[umambo, NW] hwokudenga.” (4:17) Kwaari, Jesu akanga ari Muparidzi Mambo. Akashandisa shoko rokuti “umambo” (NW) kazhinji kazhinji kwazvo (kanopfuura ka50) zvokuti Evhangeri yake inganzi Evhangeri yoUmambo. Mateo akanga achiitira hanya zvikuru kupiwa kune mufungo kwehurukuro dzapachena nemharidzo zvaJesu kupfuura nhevedzano yokuverengwa kwenguva yakarurama. Kwamaganhuro 18 okutanga, kusimbisa kwaMateo musoro woUmambo kwakamutungamirira kubva mugadziriro yokuverengwa kwenguva. Zvisinei, maganhuro gumi okupedzisira (19 kusvikira ku28) anoteverawo zvawo nhevedzano yokuverengwa kwenguva pamwe chete nokupfuurira kusimbisa Umambo.
10. Ndizvakawanda sei zvezviri mukati zvinowanwa bedzi muna Mateo, uye Evhangeri yacho inofukidza nhamboi?
10 Makumi mana nemaviri muzana enhoroondo yeEvhangeri yaMateo haawanwi muipi neipi yedzimwe Evhangeri nhatu. Ikoku kunobatanidza mifananidzo inenge gumi, kana kuti mienzaniso: Mashawi ari mumunda (13:24-30), pfuma yakavanzwa (13:44), parera rinokosha zvikuru (13:45, 46), rutava (13:47-50), muranda asina ngoni (18:23-35), vashandi nedhenari (20:1-16), baba navana vaviri (21:28-32), roorano yomwanakomana wamambo (22:1-14), vasikana vane gumi (25:1-13), uye matarenda (25:14-30). Pamwe chete, bhuku racho rinopa nhoroondo kuvambira pakuberekwa kwaJesu, 2 B.C.E., kusvikira kukusangana kwake navadzidzi vake pamberi chaipo pokukwira kwake, 33 C.E.
ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAMATEO
11. (a) Evhangeri yacho inotanga sei nenzira ine mufungo, uye zviitikoi zvapakuvamba zvinorondedzerwa? (b) Ndedzipi dziri dzimwe dzezadziko dzouporofita idzo Mateo anokwevera kungwariro yedu?
11 Kusuma Jesu namashoko o“[umambo, NW] hwamatenga” (1:1–4:25). Nenzira ine mufungo, Mateo anovamba nomutsara wedzinza waJesu, achibvumikisa maruramiro apamutemo aJesu somugari wenhaka waAbrahama naDhavhidhi. Nokudaro, ngwariro yomuravi wechiJudha inobatwa. Ipapo tinorava nhoroondo yokunambwa kunoshamisa kwaJesu, kuberekwa kwake muBhetrehema, kushanya kwavazivi venyeredzi, kuuraya kwokutsamwa kwaHerodhe vakomana vose muBhetrehema vari pasi pamakore maviri okukura, kutizira kwaJosefa naMaria muEgipita nomwana muduku, uye kudzokera kwavo kwapashure kuzogara muNazareta. Mateo anongwarira kukwevera ngwariro kuzadziko dzouporofita kuti abvumikise Jesu saMesiya akafanotaurwa.—Mat. 1:23—Isa. 7:14; Mat. 2:1-6—Mika 5:2; Mat. 2:13-18—Hos. 11:1 uye Jer. 31:15; Mat. 2:23—Isa. 11:1, NW, mashoko omuzasi.
12. Chii chinoitika parubhapatidzo rwaJesu uye nokukurumidza pashure pacho?
12 Nhoroondo yaMateo zvino inosvetuka kusvikira kuanodokuva makore 30. Johane Mubhapatidzi ari kuparidza murenje reJudhea, achiti: “Tendeukai, nokuti [umambo, NW] hwokudenga hwaswedera pedyo.” (Mat. 3:2) Ari kubhapatidza vaJudha vanopfidza murwizi rwaJoridhani uye ari kunyevera vaFarise navaSadhuse nezvokutsamwa kuchauya. Jesu anobva kuGarirea uye anobhapatidzwa. Pakarepo mudzimu waMwari unoburukira paari, uye inzwi rinobva mumatenga rinoti: “Uyu ndiye Mwanakomana wangu unodikanwa, wandinofarira!” (3:17) Jesu ipapo anopinzwa murenje, umo, pashure pokutsanya mazuva 40, anoedzwa naSatani Dhiyabhorosi. Katatu anodzinga Satani kupfurikidza nokunokora mashoko muShoko raMwari, achitaura pakupedzisira, kuti: “Ibva, Satani, nokuti kwakanyorwa kuchinzi: Namata [Jehovha, NW] Mwari wako, umushumire iye oga.”—4:10.
13. Inhimbei inonyandura inotanga zvino muGarirea?
13 “Tendeukai, nokuti [umambo, NW] hwokudenga hwaswedera pedyo.” Aya mashoko anonyandura zvino anoziviswa muGarirea naJesu akazodzwa. Iye anodana varedzi vana kubva kurutava hwavo kuti vamutevere ndokuva “vabati vavanhu,” uye anofamba navo “neGarirea rose, a[chi]dzidzisa mumasinagoge avo, achiparidza [mashoko akanaka oumambo, NW], achiporesa hosha dzose namarwere ose avanhu.”—4:17, 19, 23.
14. MuMharidzo yake Yapagomo, Jesu anotaura nezvemifarwai, uye chii chaanotaura pamusoro pokururama?
14 Mharidzo Yapagomo (5:1–7:29). Sezvo mapoka anovamba kumutevera, Jesu anokwira mugomo, anogara pasi, uye anovamba kudzidzisa vadzidzi vake. Anotanga iyi hurukuro inofadza ne‘mifarwa’ mipfumbamwe: Vanofara avo vanoziva chinodikanwa chavo chomudzimu, avo vanochema, vanyoro, avo vane nzara nenyota zvokururama, vane ngoni, vakachena mumwoyo, vane rugare, avo vanotambudzwa nokuda kwokururama, uye avo vanozvidzwa nokupomerwa zvenhema. “Farai, mufarise kwazvo; nokuti mubayiro wenyu mukuru kudenga.” Anodana vadzidzi vake kuti “munyu wenyika” uye “chiedza chenyika” uye anotsanangura kururama, kwakasiyana kwazvo netsika yavanyori navaFarise, uko kunodikanwa nokuda kwokupinda muUmambo hwamatenga. “Naizvozvo muve vakakwana, saBaba venyu vari kudenga vakakwana.”—5:12-14, 48.
15. Jesu anotaurei pamusoro pomunyengetero uye pamusoro poUmambo?
15 Jesu anonyevera pamusoro pezvipo neminyengetero zvokunyengera. Anodzidzisa vadzidzi vake kunyengeterera kutsveneswa kwezita raBaba, kuti Umambo Hwavo huuye, uye zvokudya zvavo zvezuva nezuva. Mumharidzo yacho yose Jesu anoisa Umambo pamberi. Anonyevera avo vanomutevera kusanetseka kana kuti kungoshandira pfuma yokunyama, nokuti Baba vanoziva zvinodikanwa zvavo chaizvoizvo. “Asi tangai kutsvaka [umambo, NW] hwaMwari, nokururama kwake; izvozvi zvose zvichawedzerwa kwamuri.”—6:33.
16. (a) Nderipi riri zano raJesu pamusoro pokubata navamwe, uye chii chaanotaura pamusoro paavo vanoteerera kuda kwaMwari naavo vasati? (b) Mharidzo yake inova netapuroi?
16 Tenzi anopa zano pamusoro pokubata navamwe, achiti: “Saka zvinhu zvose zvamunoda kuti vanhu vakuitirei, muvaitire nemiwo saizvozvo.” Vashomanene vanowana nzira inoenda kuupenyu vachava avo vari kuita kuda kwaBaba vake. Vaiti vokusateerera mutemo vachazivikanwa kupfurikidza nezvibereko zvavo uye vacharambwa. Jesu anofananidza munhu anoteerera mashoko ake no“murume wakachenjera, wakavaka imba yake paruware.” Iyi hurukuro inova netapuroi pamapoka ari kuteerera? Ano“shamiswa nokudzidzisa kwake,” nokuti anodzidzisa “somunhu ane simba, asingaiti savanyori vavo.”—7:12, 24-29.
17. Jesu anoratidza sei chiremera chake saMesiya, uye iitiro hanyai yorudo yaanoratidzira?
17 Kuparidza Umambo kunofutunurwa (8:1–11:30). Jesu anoita zvishamiso zvakawanda—kuporesa vane maperembudzi, vakaoma mitezo, uye vane madhemoni. Anotoratidzira chiremera pamhepo namafungu kupfurikidza nokunyaradza dutu, uye anomutsa mumwe musikana muvakafa. Itsitsi dzakadini idzo Jesu anonzwira mapoka sezvaanoona kuti vakanga vari vakaneta uye vakaraswa sei, “samakwai asina mufudzi”! Sokutaura kwaanoita kuvadzidzi vake, “kucheka kukuru, asi vabati vashoma. Naizvozvo kumbirai kunaShe wokucheka kuti abudise vabati pakucheka kwake.”—9:36-38.
18. (a) Jesu anopa vaapostora vake murayiridzoi nezano? (b) Neiko iri nhamo ku“rudzi urwu”?
18 Jesu anosarudza ndokutuma vaapostora 12. Anovapa mirayiridzo yakajeka pamusoro penzira yokuita nayo basa ravo ndokusimbisa dzidziso huru yokudzidzisa kwavo: “Mufambe, muparidze, muchiti: [Umambo, NW] hwokudenga hwaswedera.” Anovapa zano rokuchenjera nerorudo, achiti: “Makangopiwa henyu, chingopai henyu.” “Chenjerai senyoka, mururame senjiva.” Vachavengwa nokutambudzwa, kunyange nehama dzokunyama dzapedyo, asi Jesu anovayeuchidza, kuti: “Unowana upenyu hwake, ucharasikirwa nahwo; asi unorasikirwa noupenyu hwake nokuda kwangu, uchahuwana.” (10:7, 8, 16, 39) Vanoenda, kundodzidzisa nokuparidza mumaguta avo akagoverwa! Jesu anozivisa Johane Mubhapatidzi senhume yakatumwa pamberi pake, “Eria” akapikirwa, asi “rudzi urwu” harugamuchiri Johane kana kuti iye, Mwanakomana womunhu. (11:14, 16, NW) Naizvozvo nhamo kuichi chizvarwa namaguta asina kupfidza pakuona mabasa ake ane simba! Asi avo vanova vadzidzi vake vachawanira mweya yavo zororo.
19. Apo vaFarise vanopanikira mufambiro wake paSabata, Jesu anovamhura sei?
19 VaFarise vanorambwa uye vanomhurwa (12:1-50). VaFarise vanoedza kuwanira Jesu mhaka panhau yeSabata, asi iye anoramba pomero dzavo uye anovamba kushurikidzwa kwakakomba kwounyengeri hwavo. Anovaudza, kuti: “Zvibereko zvenyoka, mungagona seiko kutaura zvinhu zvakanaka, zvamuri vakaipa? Nokuti muromo unotaura zvizere pamwoyo.” (12:34) Hapana chiratidzo chavachapiwa kunze kweicho chaJona muporofita: Mwanakomana womunhu achava mumwoyo wapasi mazuva matatu nousiku hutatu.
20. (a) Neiko Jesu achitaura nemienzaniso? (b) Mienzanisoi yoUmambo iyo anopa zvino?
20 Mienzaniso minomwe yoUmambo (13:1-58). Neiko Jesu achitaura nemienzaniso? Kuvadzidzi vake anotsanangura, kuti: “Imi makapiwa kuziva zvakavanzika zvo[umambo, NW] hwokudenga, asi ava havana kupiwa.” Anoti vadzidzi vake vanofara nemhaka yokuti vanoona uye vanonzwa. Murayiridzo unozorodza zvakadini waanovagovera zvino! Pashure pokunge atsanangura muenzaniso womukushi, Jesu anopa mienzaniso yemashawi ari mumunda, mbeu yemasitadhi, mbiriso, pfuma yakavanzwa, parera roukoshi hukuru, uye rutava—yose ichifananidzira chimwe chinhu pamusoro po“[umambo, NW] hwokudenga.” Zvisinei, vanhu vanomugumbukira, uye Jesu anovaudza, kuti: “Muporofita haangashayiwi kukudzwa, asi munyika yake, nomumba make.”—13:11, 57.
21. (a) Jesu anoita zvishamisoi, uye zvinomuzivisa sechii? (b) Chionoi chinopiwa pamusoro pokuuya kwoMwanakomana womunhu muUmambo hwake?
21 Humwe ushumiri nezvishamiso zva“Kristu” (14:1–17:27). Jesu anotapurwa zvikuru nomushumo wokugurwa musoro kwaJohane Mubhapatidzi pakurayira kwaHerodhe Antipasi asina simba. Anodyisa nenzira inoshamisa boka revane 5 000 navamwe; anofamba pagungwa; anodzorera kumwe kutsoropodza kunobva kuvaFarise, avo, iye anodaro, vari ‘kudarika murayiro waMwari nemhaka yegamuchidzanwa ravo’; anoporesa vane madhemoni, “vanokamhina, nezvirema, namapofu, nembeveve, navamwe vazhinji”; uye zvakare anodyisa vanopfuura 4 000, zvingwa zvinomwe nehove duku shomanene. (15:3, 30) Achipindura mubvunzo wakabvunzwa naJesu, Petro anomuzivisa, achiti: “Ndimi Kristu Mwanakomana waMwari mupenyu.” Jesu anorumbidza Petro ndokuzivisa, kuti: “Pamusoro poruware urwu ndichavaka kereke yangu.” (16:16, 18) Jesu zvino anovamba kutaura nezvorufu rwake rwosvika uye nezvorumuko rwake pazuva rechitatu. Asi anopikirawo kuti vamwe vavadzidzi vake “[hava]zonzwi rufu vasati, vaona Mwanakomana womunhu achiuya mu[umambo, NW] hwake.” (16:28) Mazuva matanhatu gare gare, Jesu anokwira naPetro, Jakobho, uye Johane mugomo refu kundomuona achishanduka chitarisiko mumbiri. Muchiono, vanoona Mosesi naEria vachikurukura naye, uye vanonzwa inzwi rinobva mudenga richiti: “Uyu Mwanakomana wangu unodikanwa, wandinofarira, mumunzwei.” Pashure pokuburuka mugomo, Jesu anovaudza kuti “Eria” akapikirwa akatouya, uye vanonzwisisa kuti ari kutaura pamusoro paJohane Mubhapatidzi.—17:5, 12.
22. Jesu anopa zanoi pamusoro pokukanganwira?
22 Jesu anopa zano vadzidzi vake (18:1-35). Ari kuKapernaume Jesu anotaura kuvadzidzi pamusoro pokuzvininipisa, mufaro mukuru wokuwana gwai rakarasika, uye kupedza mhaka pakati pehama. Petro anobvunza, kuti: ‘Ndinofanira kukanganwira hama yangu kangani?’ uye Jesu anopindura, kuti: “Handiti kwauri, kusvikira kanomwe; asi kusvikira makumi manomwe anoverengwa kanomwe.” Kuwedzera simba kuna ikoku, Jesu anopa muenzaniso womuranda ana tenzi akamukanganwira chikwereti chamadhenari ane mamiriyoni 60. Uyu muranda gare gare akaita kuti muranda biyake aiswe mutorongo nemhaka yechikwereti chamadhenari ane 100 bedzi, uye somugumisiro, muranda asina ngoni akagamuchidzwawo kuvachengeti vetorongo. Jesu anosimbisa pfundo racho: “Saizvozvo Baba vangu vari kudenga vachakuitiraiwo, kana musingakanganwiriyi mumwe nomumwe hama yake nomwoyo wenyu wose.”—18:21, 22, 35.
23. Jesu anotsanangurei pamusoro pechatanuro uye pamusoro penzira inoenda kuupenyu?
23 Mazuva okupedzisira oushumiri hwaJesu (19:1–22:46). Kufamba kwezviitiko kunokurumidza uye kunyanduka kunokura sezvo vanyori navaFarise vanotsamwiswa zvikuru noushumiri hwaJesu. Vanouya kuzomubata panhau yechatanuro asi vanokundikana; Jesu anoratidza kuti chikonzero bedzi chapaMagwaro chechatanuro ufeve. Rimwe jaya rakapfuma rinouya kuna Jesu, richibvunza nzira inoenda kuupenyu husingaperi, asi rinoenda richitambudzika apo rinowana kuti rinofanira kutengesa zvose zvarinazvo ndokuva muteveri waJesu. Pashure pokupa muenzaniso wavashandi nedhenari, Jesu anotaurazve nezvorufu rwake norumuko, uye anoti: “Zvakaita soMwanakomana womunhu usina kuuya kuzoshumirwa, asi kushumira, nokupa upenyu hwake ruve rudzikinuro rwavazhinji.”—20:28.
24. Sezvo Jesu anopinda muvhiki yokupedzisira youpenyu hwake ari munhu, zviitikoi zvaanova nazvo navashori vorudzidziso, uye anobata sei nemibvunzo yavo?
24 Jesu zvino anopinda muvhiki yokupedzisira youpenyu hwake ari munhu. Anoita kupinda kwake kworukundo muJerusarema sa‘Mambo, akatasva mhuru yembongoro.’ (21:4, 5) Anobvisa vatsinhani vemari navamwe vaiti vemhindu mutembere, uye ruvengo rwavavengi vake runokura sezvo anovaudza, kuti: “Vateresi nezvifeve vanokutangirai kupinda mu[umambo, NW] hwaMwari.” (21:31) Muenzaniso wake wakananga womunda wemizambiringa newomutambo weroorano inojekesa. Anopindura nenzira younyanzvi mubvunzo womutero wavaFarise kupfurikidza nokuvaudza kuti varipire “Kesari zvaKesari, naMwari zvaMwari.” (22:21) Nenzira yakafanana anodzivisa mubvunzo wokubata unobvunzwa navaSadhuse uye anotsigira tariro yorumuko. Zvakare vaFarise vanouya kwaari vaine mubvunzo pamusoro poMutemo, uye Jesu anovaudza kuti murayiro mukurusa ndewokuda Jehovha chose chose, uye wechipiri ndewokuda muvakidzani wako sewe umene. Jesu ipapo anovabvunza kuti, ‘Kristu anogona sei kuva vose vari vaviri mwanakomana waDhavhidhi naShe wake?’ Hapana munhu anogona kupindura, uye pashure pacho hapana munhu anoshinga kumubvunza.—22:45, 46.
25. Jesu anomhura sei zvakasimba vanyori navaFarise?
25 ‘Mune nhamo imi, vanyengeri’ (23:1–24:2). Achitaura kumapoka patembere, Jesu anotaura kumwe kuzvidza vanyori navaFarise kwakakomba. Havana bedzi kuzvitadzisa vamene kupinda muUmambo asi vanoshandisa unyengeri hwavo hwose kudzivisa vamwe kupinda. Kungofanana namakuva akapendwa nependi chena, vanoratidzika kuva vakaisvonaka kunze, asi mukati vakazara noushati nokuora. Jesu anogumisa nourwu rutongeso pamusoro peJerusarema: “Masiyirwa imba yenyu rava dongo.” (23:38) Sezvaanobva patembere, Jesu anoporofita kuparadzwa kwayo.
26. Chiratidzoi chouporofita icho Jesu anogovera pamusoro pokuvapo kwake mumbiri yamambo?
26 Jesu anopa ‘chiratidzo chokuvapo kwake’ (24:3–25:46). Vari muGomo reMiorivhi, vadzidzi vake vanomubvunza pamusoro pe‘chiratidzo chokuvapo kwake nemhedziso yetsika yezvinhu.’ Mumhinduro Jesu anonongedzera mberi kunguva yehondo, ‘rudzi ruchirwisana norudzi uye umambo huchirwisana noumambo,’ perevedzo dzezvokudya, kudengenyeka kwapasi, kuwedzera kwokusateerera mutemo, kuparidzwa mupasi rose kwa“aya mashoko akanaka oumambo,” (NW), kugadzwa kwo“muranda akatendeka, wakangwara,” uye mamwe mativi akawanda echiratidzo chakaumbwa nezvinhu zvizhinji. (24:3, 7, 14, 45-47) Jesu anogumisa uhwu uporofita hunokosha nemuenzaniso wavasikana vane gumi nowematarenda, iyo inopa tuso dzinofadza kune vakasvinurira navakatendeka, uye muenzaniso wamakwai nembudzi, uyo unoratidza vanhu vakafanana nembudzi vachienda “kukurohwa kusingaperi; asi vakarurama kuupenyu husingaperi.”—25:46.
27. Zviitikoi zvinoratidzira zuva rokupedzisira raJesu pasi pano?
27 Zviitiko zvezuva rokupedzisira raJesu (26:1–27:66). Pashure pokuchengeta Paseka, Jesu anotanga chimwe chinhu chitsva aine vaapostora vake vakatendeka, achivakoka kuti vadye chingwa chisina mbiriso newaini sezviratidzo zvomuviri wake neropa rake. Ipapo vanoenda kuGetsemani, uko Jesu anonyengetera. Ikoko Judhasi anouya neboka rakashongedzwa nezvombo uye anotengesa Jesu nokutsvoda kwokunyengera. Jesu anoendeswa kumuprista mukuru, uye vaprista vakuru neSanhedrini yose vanotsvaka zvapupu zvenhema mukurwisana naJesu. Maererano nouporofita hwaJesu, Petro anomuramba apo anoedzwa. Judhasi, achinzwa urombo, anokandira mari yake yokutengesa mutembere uye anoenda ndokuzvisungirira amene. Mumangwanani Jesu anoendeswa pamberi pagavhuna weRoma Pirato, uyo anomukumikidza kuti arovererwe mudzvinyiriro yenyongori dzakanyandurwa navaprista idzo dzinodanidzira, kuti: “Ropa rake ngarive pamusoro pedu napavana vedu.” Varwi vagavhuna vanoita misere nokuva mambo kwake ipapo ndokumuendesa kuGorgota, uko anorovererwa padanda pakati pamakororo maviri, nechiratidzo chiri pamusoro pomusoro wake chinorava kuti, “Uyu ndiJesu Mambo wavaJudha.” (27:25, 37) Pashure pamaawa ekutambudzwa, Jesu pakupedzisira anofa panenge pa3 kiroko mumasikati uye ipapo anoradzikwa muguva idzva reyeuko raJosefa weArimatea. Rave riri zuva rezviitiko zvakawanda zvikurusa munhau yose!
28. Mateo anogumisa nhoroondo yake namashokoi akanakisisa, uye anogumisa nebasai?
28 Rumuko rwaJesu nemirayiridzo yokupedzisira (28:1-20). Mateo zvino anogumisa nhoroondo yake namashoko akanakisisa zvikuru. Jesu akafa anomutswa—anoraramazve! Mangwanani-ngwanani pazuva rokutanga revhiki, Maria Magdharene no“mumwe Maria” vanouya kuguva ndokunzwa chiziviso chengirozi cheiri idi rinofadza. (28:1) Kurisimbisa, Jesu amene anooneka kwavari. Vavengi vanotoedza kurwisa idi rorumuko rwake, vachipfumba muromo varwi vakanga vave vachirinda guva kuti vataure kuti, “Vadzidzi vake vakauya usiku vakamuba, isu tivete.” Gare gare, muGarirea, Jesu anova nomumwe musangano navadzidzi vake. Ndoupi uri murayiridzo wake wokuenda nokuda kwavo? Uyu: “Endai . . . mudzidzise marudzi ose, muvabhapatidze muzita raBaba, neroMwanakomana, neroMweya Mutsvene.” Vaizova nenhungamiro muiri basa rokuparidza here? Kutaura kwokupedzisira kwaJesu uko Mateo anonyora kunopa iyi vimbiso: “Tarirai, ndinemi mazuva ose, kusvikira pakuguma kwenyika.”—28:13, 19, 20.
CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA
29. (a) Mateo anokochekedzanisa sei Magwaro echiHebheru neechiGiriki? (b) Iropafadzoi yakafarikanywa naJesu ichiri yakazaruka kuvaKristu nhasi?
29 Bhuku raMateo, yokutanga yeEvhangeri ina, zvirokwazvo rinogovera chikochekedzo chakaisvonaka kubva kuMagwaro echiHebheru kupinda muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Nenzira yakajeka, rinozivisa Mesiya naMambo woUmambo hwakapikirwa hwaMwari, rinozivisa zvinodikanwa zvokuva vateveri vake, uye rinoonesa basa riri mberi nokuda kwaivava vari pasi pano. Kutanga Johane Mubhapatidzi, ipapo Jesu, uye pakupedzisira vadzidzi vake vakaenda vachiparidza kuti, “[Umambo, NW] hwokudenga hwaswedera pedyo.” Uyezve, murayiro waJesu unosvika chaizvo kumhedziso yetsika yezvinhu: “Uye aya mashoko akanaka oumambo achaparidzwa mupasi rose rinogarwa nokuda kwouchapupu kumarudzi ose; uye ipapo mugumo uchasvika.” Zvirokwazvo yakanga iri, uye ichiri, ropafadzo huru neinoshamisa kugoverana muiri basa roUmambo, kubatanidza ‘kuita vadzidzi vavanhu vamarudzi ose,’ kushanda tichitevera mutoo waTenzi.—3:2; 4:17; 10:7; 24:14, NW; 28:19.
30. Chikamui chaicho chaMateo chakawana kuzivikanwa nokuda kwoukoshi hwacho hunoshanda?
30 Evhangeri yaMateo zvirokwazvo “[mashoko akanaka, NW].” Shoko rayo rakafuridzirwa rakanga riri “[mashoko akanaka, NW]” kuna avo vakariteerera muzana rokutanga ramakore reNguva Yavose, uye Jehovha Mwari akava nechokwadi chokuti yakachengetwa sa“[mashoko akanaka, NW]” kusvikira kuzuva rino. Kunyange vasiri vaKristu vakamanikidzirwa kubvuma simba reiyi Evhangeri, somuenzaniso, somutungamiriri wavaHindu Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi akati: “Apo nyika yenyu neyangu dzichabatana padzidziso dzakavanzarikwa naKristu muiyi Mharidzo Yapagomo, tichave tapedza zvinetso kwete bedzi zvenyika dzedu asi izvo zvenyika yose.” Pane imwe nhambo Gandhi akati: “Napazvinobvira napo pose inwai zvikuru mumatsime anopiwa kwamuri muMharidzo Yapagomo . . . Nokuti dzidziso yeMharidzo yakaitirwa mumwe nomumwe wedu.”
31. Ndivanaani vakaratidza kuonga chaikoiko zano riri muna Mateo, uye neiko kuchibetsera kufunda tafundazve iyi Evhangeri?
31 Zvisinei, nyika yose, kubatanidza rutivi rwuya runotaura kuti ndorwechiKristu, inopfuurira nezvinetso zvayo. Kwakasiyirwa kuvashomanene vevaKristu vechokwadi kukoshesa, kufunda, uye kushandisa Mharidzo Yapagomo nerimwe zano rose rakanaka ramashoko akanaka akanyorwa naMateo uye nomutoo iwoyo kuwana betsero dzinokosha. Kunobetsera kufunda tafundazve mazano akaisvonaka aJesu pamusoro pokuwana mufarwa chaiwoiwo, pamwe chete napamusoro petsika neroorano, simba rorudo, munyengetero unogamuchirika, zvinokosha zvomudzimu mukurwisana nezvokunyama, kutanga kutsvaka Umambo, kuremekedza zvinhu zvitsvene, uye kuva akarinda neanoteerera. Mateo ganhuro 10 rinopa mirayiridzo yebasa yaJesu kuna avo vanotanga kuparidzwa kwamashoko akanaka “o[umambo, NW] hwokudenga.” Mifananidzo yakawanda yaJesu ine zvidzidzo zvinokosha nokuda kwavose avo ‘vane nzeve dzokunzwa.’ Uyezve, uporofita hwaJesu, hwakadai sokufanotaura kwake kune udzame ‘chiratidzo chokuvapo kwake,’ hunovaka tariro yakasimba nechivimbo munguva yemberi.—5:1–7:29; 10:5-42; 13:1-58; 18:1–20:16; 21:28–22:40; 24:3–25:46.
32. (a) Ratidzira kuti uporofita hwakazadzika hunobvumikisa sei kuva Mesiya kwaJesu. (b) Idzi zadziko dzinotipa chivimboi chakasimba nhasi?
32 Evhangeri yaMateo yakazara nouporofita hwakazadzikwa. Kwakawanda kwokunokora kwake mashoko muMagwaro akafuridzirwa echiHebheru kwakanga kuri nokuda kwechinangwa chokuratidza zadziko idzodzi. Kunogovera ufakazi husingarambiki hwokuti Jesu ndiMesiya, nokuti kwaizodai kwakava kusingabviri chose chose kuronga pachine nguva mberi udzame hwose ihwohwu. Enzanisa, somuenzaniso, Mateo 13:14, 15 naIsaya 6:9, 10; Mateo 21:42 nePisarema 118:22, 23; uye Mateo 26:31, 56 naZekaria 13:7. Zadziko dzakadaro dzinotipawo chivimbo chakasimba chokuti kufanotaura kwose kwouporofita kwaJesu amene, kwakanyorwa naMateo, munguva yakafanira kwaizova kwechokwadi apo zvinangwa zvine mbiri zvaJehovha pamusoro po“[umambo, NW] hwokudenga” zvinozadzika.
33. Vadi vokururama zvino vanogona kufarira zivoi netariro?
33 Mwari akanga akarurama sei mukufanotaura upenyu hwaMambo woUmambo, kunyange kusvikira kuudzame huduku! Mateo akafuridzirwa akanga akarurama sei mukunyora nenzira yokutendeka zadziko youhwu uporofita! Sezvavanorangarira zadziko dzose dzouporofita nezvipikirwa zvakanyorwa mubhuku raMateo, vadi vokururama vanogona zvirokwazvo kufarira zivo netariro zvo“[umambo, NW] hwokudenga” somudziyo waJehovha wokutsvenesa nawo zita rake. Ndihwo Umambo ihwohwu hunodzorwa naJesu Kristu hunounza zvikomborero zvisingatauriki zvoupenyu nomufarwa kuvanhu vanyoro navane nzara yomudzimu “pakuberekwa kutsva, kana Mwanakomana womunhu achizogara pachigaro choushe chokubwinya kwake.” (Mat. 19:28) Kwose ikoku kuri mumashoko akanaka anonyandura “[a]kanyorwa naMateo.”
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
Yakadhindwazve ya1981, Vhor. V, peji 895.
Shanduro yakabva murugwaro rwechiLatin rwakapepetwa naE. C. Richardson ndokubudiswa munhevedzano ye“Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur,” Leipzig, 1896, Vhor. 14, mapeji 8, 9.
The Ecclesiastical History, VI, XXV, 3-6.
Introduction to the Study of the Gospels, 1896, B. F. Westcott, peji 201.
Muzuva raJesu, dhenari raienzana nomubayiro wezuva; naizvozvo madhenari 100 aienzana nechinenge chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chomubayiro wegore. Madhenari ane mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu aienzana nemibayiro yaizoda zviuru zvenduramo kuunganidza.—Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 1, peji 614.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas, 1930, rakapepetwa naC. F. Andrews, peji 96.