Chii Chiri Zvokwadi Pamusoro peBhetrehema neKrisimisi?
“APO tinofunga nezveChakavanzika cheBhetrehema hatigoni kudzivisa mibvunzo nepanikiro kuuya kundangariro yedu.”—Bethlehem, rakanyorwa naMaria Teresa Petrozzi.
‘Neiko pane mibvunzo nepanikiro?’ ungabvunza kudaro. Pashure pokurangarira zvose, zvitendero zvakasiana-siana pamusoro peKrisimisi, uye nzvimbo dzakabatanidzwa neizvi zvitendero, zvakavakirwa paidi. Kana kuti dzakadaro here?
Iye Akaberekwa Rini?
Pamusoro pomusi wokuberekwa kwaJesu, Maria Teresa Petrozzi anobvunza, kuti: “Mudzikinuri akaberekwa rini chaizvoizvo? Tingada kuziva kwete bedzi gore asiwo mwedzi, zuva, awa. Ururami hwenhamba hahuna kutipiwa.” New Catholic Encyclopedia inotsigira ikoku: “Musi wokuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu unogona kuverengwa bedzi kusvikira panenge.” Inoti pamusoro pomusi wakapiwa kukuberekwa kwaKristu: “Musi waDecember 25 hauwirirani nokuberekwa kwaKristu asi namadyo eNatalis Solis Invicti, mutambo wezuva weRoma apo zuva rinenge riri kuresa neikweta.”
Naizvozvo ungabvunza kuti, ‘Kana Jesu asina kuberekwa pana December 25, akaberekwa rini?’ Kubva muna Mateo ganhuro 26 ne 27, tinonzwisisa kuti Jesu akafa panguva yePaseka yechiJudha, iyo yakatanga pana April 1, 33 N.V. Uyezve, Ruka 3:21-23 inotizivisa kuti Jesu akanga ava namakore anenge 30 ezera apo akatanga ushumiri hwake. Sezvo ushumiri hwake hwapasi hwakagara makore matatu nehafu, akanga ava namakore anenge 33 1/2 okukura panguva yorufu rwake. Kristu aizova akava namakore 34 akazara okukura mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, uyo nokudaro aizova anenge October 1. Kana tikaverenga tichidzokera shure kuti tione apo Jesu akaberekwa, tinosvika, kwete pana December 25 kana kuti January 6, asi panenge pana October 1 wegore ra 2 P.N.V.
Kunokoshawo kuti mukati momwedzi waDecember, Bhetrehema nemhoteredzo yayo zvinova nomugariro wokunze unotonhora wechando, mvura dzinotonhora, uye pane dzimwe nguva sinou. Munhu haasati achiwana vafudzi vane mapoka amakwai kunze usiku mukati menguva iyoyo. Uyu hausati uri mugariro wemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi womugariro wokunze. Magwaro anoshuma kuti mambo weJudhea Jehoakimi “akanga agere muimba yakavakirwa nguva yechando nomwedzi wepfumbamwe Kisrevhi, unowirirana naNovember-December], mwoto uchipfuta pamberi pake pachaenga.” (Jeremia 36:22) Iye aida kupisa kuti adziirwe. Uyezve, pana Ezra 10:9, 13 tinowana ufakazi hwakajeka hwokuti mwedzi waKisrevhi wakanga uri “nguva yokunaya kwemvura zhinji, hatigoni kumira kunze.” Kwose ikoku kunoratidzira kuti migariro yokunze muBhetrehema muna December haikodzeri rondedzero yeBhaibheri yezvinoitika zvakabatanidzwa nokuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu.—Ruka 2:8-11.
Panzvimboi?
Chii chiri murangariro wakafanira wenzvimbo iyo yakanga iri rutivi rwesundo yehondo yeCrimea (1853-56), iyo iri ‘rwisano ine chishava’ yakauraya upenyu hwavarwi veFrance vanopfuura chiuru chine zana? Nzvimbo iyoyo inzvimbo yokuberekwa chaizvoizvo kwaJesu here?
Kutanga, Bhaibheri rimene haridudzi nzvimbo chaiyoiyo yokuberekwa kwaJesu. Mateo naRuka vanosimbisa kuti kuberekwa kwaJesu kwakazadzika uporofita hwaMesia huri pana Mika 5:2, uhwo hwakanga hwadeya kutaura kuti “uchava mubati pakati paIsraeri; mabudire ake ndeakare,” aizobva kuBhetrehema. (Mateo 2:1, 5; Ruka 2:4) Nhauro dzose dziri mbiri dzeEvhangeri dzinodudza zvinokosha zvishomanene bedzi, ndiko kuti, kuti Jesu akaberekerwa muBhetrehema uye, mukuwirirana naRuka, kuti mwana wakaputirwa mumucheka ndokuiswa muchidyiro chezvipfuwo.—Ruka 2:7.
Neiko vanyori veEvhangeri vasina kuwedzera udzame hwakawanda? Maria Teresa Petrozzi anoti: “VaEvhangeri vanoregeredza udzame ihwohwu maidi, sezvinooneka nemhaka yokuti vanohurangarira kuva husina revo.” Kutaura idi, kuri pachena kuti Jesu amene haana kurangarira udzame hwokuberekwa kwake sohune revo zvikuru, nokuti iye haatongonokorwi mashoko saanodudza musi wokuberekwa kwake kana kuti zvimwe nzvimbo chaiyoiyo yokubereka kwake. Kunyange zvazvo akaberekerwa muBhetrehema, Jesu haana kurangarira nzvimbo iyoyo somusha wake, asi nharaunda yeGarirea yakanongedzerwa kwatiri se“nyika yake.”—Marko 6:1, 3, 4; Mateo 2:4, 5; 13:54.
Kuraviwa kwaJohane 7:40-42 kunoratidza kuti vanhu vose zvavo vakanga vasingazivi nzvimbo yokuberekwa kwake, vachifunga kuti akaberekerwa muGarirea: “Vamwe vakati: ‘Ko Kristu ungabva Garirea here?’” Kuchivakirwa pazvakanyorwa pana Johane 7:41, The Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem rinogumisa, kuti: “Kuti kurukurirano dzakadaro dzakamuka hakusati makuri kumene kuchiramba idi rokuti Kristu akaberekerwa muBhetrehema; asi kunongoratidza zvako kuti vazhinji vavasonganiri Vake vaisaziva nezvako.”
Kuri pachena kuti mukati menduramo yapasi yaJesu amene, haana kuzivisa udzame hwokuberekwa kwake. Hapana simbiso yakaiswa panzvimbo yokuberekwa kwake. Chii, ipapoka, chiri hwaro hwechitendero chokuti Bako roKuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu ndiyo nzvimbo apo Josefa akaunza Maria kuti asununguke?
Petrozzi anobvuma zvakajeka, kuti: “Hakubviri kuziva zvechokwadi kana bako rakanga riri rimwe ramapako omusikirwo asingaverengeki ari munharaunda yeBhetrehema, kana kuti bako rakashandiswa sechidyiro muimba yokudyira. Zvisinei, gamuchidzanwa iro rinodzokera shure kusvikira kuhafu yokutanga yezana ramakore rechi 2, rakajeka; ibakochidyiro.”—Kutsveyamisa mashoko ndokwedu.
Igamuchidzanwawo Zvaro
Maria Teresa Petrozzi naR. W. Hamilton, pamwe chete navamwe vadzidzi vakasiana-siana venhau yeBhetrehema, vanoratidzira kuti Justin Martyr, wezana ramakore rechipiri N.V., akanga ari wokutanga kutaura kuti Jesu akaberekerwa mubako, pasina kududza kuti nderipi. Hamilton anogumisa pamusoro pokutaura kwaJustin Martyr, kuti: “Iyi inongedzero pfupi, uye kurangarira kuti St. Justin airangarira bako rakati, zvikuruzve kuti rakanga richinongedzera kuBako razvino roKuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu, kwaizova kunyanyodzvinyirira ufakazi hweshoko rimwe.”
Mumashoko omuzasi Hamilton anonyora, kuti: “Nhauro yoKuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu iyo inooneka mu‘Bhuku raJakobho’ reapocrypha kana kuti ‘Protevangelium’, rakanyorwa munenge munhambo imwe cheteyo, inosumawo bako, asi inorirondedzera seriri pakati pokusvika kuBhetrehema. Kana toreva nezvoukoshi hwenhau nhau yacho inokarakadza kuti gamuchidzanwa racho rakanga richigere kubatanidzwa nenzvimbo ipi neipi imwe, zvamazvirokwazvo kwete neBako roKuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu.”
Vanyori vorudzidziso vomuzana rechitatu ramakore Origen naEusebius vanobatanidza gamuchidzanwa racho seraizivikanwa panguva iyeyo nenzvimbo yakati. Hamilton anorangarira, kuti: “Apo bedzi nhau yacho yakanga yabatanidzwa nebako rakati kwakanga kusingabviri kudzungaira; uye kwakanaka kugumisa kuti bako rakaratidzwa kuvashanyi nokukurumidza pashure paA.D. 200 rakanga rakafanana neBako razvino roKuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu.”
W. H. Bartlett, mubhuku rake Walks About the City and Environs of Jerusalem (1842), akagumisa pamusoro peiri bako, kuti: “Kunyange zvazvo gamuchidzanwa rokuti iyi inzvimbo yokuberekwa kwoMuponesi wedu, riri rekare kunokudzwa, richidudzwa naSt. Jerome, uyo akararama ndokufa musero iri pedyo, nzvimbo yacho yakasiana nebviro, sokunge kungaitika panhambo nenhambo kuti mapako anoshandiswa sezvidyiro zvezvipfuwo muParestina, irori riri pasi zvikuru kupfuura raizova rakakodzera nokuda kwedonzo rakadaro; uye apo tinorangarira, mukuwedzera, kombamiro yamamonk yokuisa nzvimbo yezvinoitika zvapamagwaro zvinoshamisa mumakuva, zvichida kubva mukuorora kwenzvimbo dzakadaro, fungidziro inorwisana nenzvimbo yacho inoratidzika kuva inodokuva yokupedzisira.”
Chii chatinogona kugumisa muufakazi hwenhau huripo uye, zvinokosha zvikuru, muidi rapaMagwaro rokuti Jesu kana kuti zvimwe vadzidzi vake havana kupa ukoshi hupi nohupi kunzvimbo yokuberekwa kwake? Kuri pachena kuti apo Mambokadzi Helena, mai vaConstantine Mukuru, akaisa nzvimbo yeChechi yoKuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu mugore ra 326 N.V., akaita saizvozvo pahwaro hweizvo Hamilton anodudza se‘kubatanidza kupfurikidza negamuchidzanwa refu.’ Kwakanga kusiri pahwaro hwechibvumikiso chenhau kana kuti cheBhaibheri.
Ikoku kunotungamirira kuimwe mhedziso yokuti inzvimbo chaiyoiyo yokuberekwa kwaKristu haizivikanwi. Kuno mufungo here, naizvozvo, kuti vakatendeka vanofanira kuenda kunzvimbo dzinoyera dzakadai seBako roKuberekwa kwaJesu Kristu ndokudzikudza? Kana, zvamazvirokwazvo, kwakadaro kwaidikanwa kumaKristu, Jesu amene angadai asina kuzivisa vadzidzi vake here nezvomusengwa wacho kana kuti kunyange rudzi irworwo rwechishuvo chake? Kungadai kusina kunyorwa here muShoko raMwari, Bhaibheri, kuti nyika yorudzi rwomunhu irave? Sezvo ufakazi hwakadaro husi nenzira yakajeka muMagwaro Matsvene, tinoita zvakanaka kubvunza icho Jesu akarangarira kuva chakafanirwa nokuchengeta.
Kana tikanzvera, nguva bedzi tichawana iyo vadzidzi vaJesu vaifanira kuchengeta muzvizvarwa rwakanga rwuri rufu rwake rwechibairo. Iye akafa muchirimo, nokukurumidza pashure pokuchengeta chirairo chake chokupedzisira chePaseka ane vadzidzi vake. Panguva iyoyo iye akaraira vadzidzi vake vakatendeka kuva nechidyo chokufananidzira vachishandisa chingwa chisina kuviriswa, chakafanana nematzoth, uye waini tsvuku. Pamusoro peichi chinoitika chakapfava, icho chakatanga kuitika pana April 1, 33 N.V., iye akaraira, kuti: “Rambai muchiita ikoku muchindirangarira.”—Ruka 22:19, 20, NW.
Mukuteerera uyu murairo wapaMagwaro wakabva kuna Jesu amene, Zvapupu zvaJehovha munyika yose gore negore zvinochengeta Chirairo chorufu rwechibairo rwaKristu. Izvo hazvivi nouku kuungana kwechiKristu panzvimbo chaiyo yakati mukamuri rapamusoro muJerusarema, nokuti Jesu haana kutaura ikoko. Asi munyika yose, izvo zvinoungana muHoro dzazvo dzoUmambo napadzimwe nzvimbo dzemisangano dzakakodzera munzvimbo yazvo. Kuchengeta kunotevera kuchaitika pana March 30, 1991, pashure pokuvira kwezuva. Iwe unokokwa kupinda paHoro yoUmambo yeZvapupu zvaJehovha iri pedyosa nomusha wako.
Kuti upinde iyi chengeto inokosha mukuteerera murairo waJesu, haufaniri kufamba uchienda kuJerusarema kana kuti kuBhetrehema. Jesu kana kuti zvimwe vadzidzi vake havana kupa ukoshi kunzvimbo senzvimbo dzinokosha dzokunamata kwechiKristu. Mukupesana, Jesu akaudza mukadzi weSamaria, uyo ainangidzira namato yake paGerizimi, gomo romuSamaria, kuchamhembe kweJerusarema, kuti: “Mai, nditende kuti nguva inouya, yamusingazonamati Baba pagomo iri, kana paJerusarema. Asi nguva inouya, nazvino yatovapo, yokuti vanonamata nezvokwadi vachanamata Baba [nomudzimu, NW] nezvokwadi; nokuti Baba vanotsvaka vakadaro kuzomunamata.”—Johane 4:21, 23.
Avo vanonamata Baba nomudzimu nezvokwadi havatsamiri panzvimbo chaidzo, dzakadai seBhetrehema, kana kuti pazvinhu, zvakadai semifananidzo, mukunamata kwavo. Muapostora Pauro akati: “Kana tichigara mumuviri, hatigari kunaShe; nokuti tinofamba nokutenda, hatifambi nokuona.”—2 VaKorinte 5:6, 7.
Zvisinei, ungangova uchirangarira kuti, munhu anogona sei kunamata Mwari nomutoo unogamuchirika kwaari? Nguva inotevera mumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha anouya kusuo rako, tapota mubvunze.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]
Munguva yechando, sinou ingafukidza ivhu riri pedyo neBhetrehema. Ko vafudzi vaizovata kunze here namakwai avo?
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 7]
Church of the Nativity muBhetrehema nebako rayo rapasi pevhu
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Garo Nalbandian