WAIZVIZIVA HERE?
Kodzero yemuapostora Pauro yekuva chizvarwa cheRoma yakamubatsira sei?
Pauro akataura kuti: “Ndinokwidza mhosva yacho kuna Kesari!”
Kuva chizvarwa cheRoma kwaiita kuti munhu ave nekodzero dzaisava nevamwe kwese kwaaienda munzvimbo dzaitongwa neumambo hwacho. Munhu aiva chizvarwa cheRoma aifanira kuteerera mitemo yeRoma, kwete mitemo yaigadzwa mumaguta eumambo hwacho. Kana akapomerwa mhosva, aigona kubvuma kutongwa nemitemo yemuguta raaiva, asi aiva nekodzero yekukwidza nyaya yake kudare reRoma. Kana akatongerwa rufu, aiva nekodzero yekukwidza nyaya yake kumutungamiriri weumambo hwacho.
Cicero, uyo aiva nechinzvimbo muumambo hweRoma mumakore ari pakati pa100 B.C.E. na1 B.C.E., akataura nezvekodzero idzi achiti: “Imhosva kusunga chizvarwa cheRoma; kumuzvambaradza chitadzo; uye kumuuraya kwakada kungofanana nekuponda mubereki kana kuti hama yepedyo.”
Muapostora Pauro akaparidza munharaunda yakakura yeUmambo hweRoma. Akashandisa kodzero dzake sechizvarwa cheRoma pazviitiko zvitatu zvinotevera: (1) Akaudza vakuru vehurumende vemuFiripi kuti vakanga vatyora kodzero dzake pavakamurova. (2) Paaiva muJerusarema, akataura kuti aiva chizvarwa cheRoma kuti asarikitwa. (3) Akakwidza nyaya yake kuna Kesari, mutungamiriri weumambo hweRoma, kuti aitonge ega.—Mabasa 16:37-39; 22:25-28; 25:10-12.
Vafudzi vaibhadharwa sei munguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri?
Chibvumirano chakanyorwa muCuneiform chekutenga makwai nembudzi, munenge muna 2050 B.C.E.
Jakobho, musoro wemhuri, akafudza makwai asekuru vake Rabhani kwemakore 20. Pamakore 14 ekutanga aakashanda, akapiwa vanasikana vaviri vaRabhani, akazoshanda mamwe acho 6 ndokupiwa zvipfuyo. (Genesisi 30:25-33) Magazini inonzi Biblical Archaeology Review inoti, “Zvibvumirano zvaiitwa nevafudzi zvakadai sechakaitwa naRabhani naJakobho zvinofanira kunge zvaizivikanwa chaizvo nevanyori uye vaverengi vekare vezvinyorwa zveBhaibheri.”
Zvibvumirano zvekare zvakadaro, zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo kuNuzi, kuLarsa uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo muIraq. Chimwe chibvumirano chacho chaitangira panguva yaiveurwa makwai kusvika paaizoveurwazve gore raitevera. Vafudzi vaibvuma kuchengeta zvipfuyo zvavainge vabvumirana nemuridzi, izvo zvainyorwa zera razvo uye kuti mhuka yacho ihadzi here kana kuti ihono. Pashure pegore, muridzi aipiwa uwandu hwavainge vabvumirana hweshinda, zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemukaka, uye mhuka dzainge dzaberekwa nezvimwewo. Zvose zvaisara zvaipiwa mufudzi.
Kuwanda kwaiita makwai kwaibva panhamba yenhunzvi dzaichengeteswa mufudzi. Nhunzvi 100 dzaiwanzotarisirwa kuti dzibereke makwayana 80. Mufudzi aifanira kuripa kana nhamba iyi ikatadza kusvika. Saka aiedza chaizvo kuchengetedza zvipfuyo zvaainge apiwa.