Tertiosi—Munyori waPauro Akatendeka
TERTIOSI akatarisana nebasa rakaoma. Muapostora Pauro aida kumushandisa somunyori wake pakunyora tsamba yakareba yaienda kuvaKristu biyake vaiva muRoma. Iri raizova basa rakaoma.
Nei zvakanga zvakaoma kwazvo kuva munyori muzana ramakore rokutanga C.E.? Basa rakadaro raiitwa sei? Panguva iyoyo vainyorera pai?
Vanyori Munguva Dzekare
Munzanga yakare yechiGiriki neRoma, kwakanga kune vanyori vakasiyana-siyana. Vamwe varume vaibatira savanyori vehurumende—vashandi vehurumende vaishandira vakuru-vakuru vehurumende. Kwaivawo navanyori vaishandira vagari venyika munzvimbo dzavose. Vanyori vomunhu oga (vaiwanzova varanda) vaichengetwa nevakapfuma. Uyewo, paiva neshamwari dzaidisa idzo dzaifara kunyorera vamwe tsamba. Maererano nenyanzvi E. Randolph Richards, unyanzvi hwavanyori ava vaisava vehurumende “hwaibvira pakuziva mutauro zvishoma uye/kana kuti manyorere kusvikira kuunyazvi hwakakwirira hwokunyora tsamba kwayo, yakarurama, uye inofadza.”
Ndivanaani vaishandisa vanyori? Kutanga, avo vaisagona kurava nokunyora. Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvakare netsamba dzebhizimisi zvaipedziswa nemashoko ainyorwa namunyori achitaura kuti akanga anyora tsamba yacho nemhaka yekusakwanisa kwemunhu akanga amuronzesa basa racho. Chikonzero chechipiri chokushandisa munyori chinoratidzirwa neimwe tsamba yakare yekuThebes, Egypt. Yakanyorerwa mumwe Asklepiades, uye yaiguma ichiti: “Eumelus, mwanakomana waHerma, amunyorera . . . nokuti anenge anoti nonokei pakunyora.”
Bva, kugona kurava nokunyora hakuratidziki sekwaiita kuti munyori ashandiswe. Maererano nemumwe mutsinhiri weBhaibheri John L. McKenzie, vanhu vaitsvakira munyori “kwete kuti zvinhu zvacho zvigoverengeka, asi panzvimbo pezvo vaifunga nezvekunaka, kana kuti kutsvinda.” Kunyange kune vakadzidza, kunyora kwainetesa, zvikurukuru painyorwa mashoko akareba uye ane udzame. Nyanzvi J. A. Eschlimann inotaura kuti vapi navapi vaigona kuita kudaro “vaidzivisa iri basa vachifara, vachirironza kuvaranda, vanyori vaiva neunyanzvi.” Uyezve, zviri nyore kunzwisisa chikonzero nei vanhu vakanga vasingafariri kunyora tsamba dzavo pachavo patinofunga nezvezvaishandiswa pakunyora uye mamiriro acho ezvinhu.
Zvokunyoresa zvaiwanzoshandiswa muzana rokutanga ramakore zvaiva mupumburu wamanyoro wenhokwe. Zvikamu zvakatetepa zvaiwanwa pamuti uyu kupfurikidza nokucheka mukati mawo zvakatwasuka. Rukoko rwezvikamu rwaiwaridzwa. Rumwe rukoko rwaiiswa rwakachinjika pamusoro perukoko rwokutanga. Maviri acho aibatanidzwa nokutsimbirirwa, achiburitsa “pepa.”
Zvaisava nyore kunyorera panzvimbo iyi. Pakanga pakaomarara uye pasina kutsetseka. Maererano nenyanzvi Angelo Penna, “pepa renhokwe rinopinda mvura raiita kuti ingi ipararire, zvikurukuru munzvimbo nhete dzaiva pakati pezvikamu zvakatetepa.” Munyori aigona kushanda akapfunya chisero pasi uye akabata pepa raiva pabhodhi neruoko rumwe chete. Kana akanga asinganyatsozivi kana kuti zvaishandiswa zvacho zvakanga zvisina kunyatsonaka, munhenga wake, kana kuti chinyoreso, chaigona kuboora nhokwe, pepa racho raigona kubvaruka, kana kuti zvaainyora zvaisagona kuverengeka.
Ingi yacho yaigadzirwa nemusanganiswa wedota nemuto wemuti. Sezvo yaitengeswa iri zvikamu zvakaoma, yaifanira kusanganiswa nemvura muchigubhu cheingi isati yagona kushandiswa nokuda kwokunyora. Pakati pezvimwe zvishandiswa izvo munyori akaita saTertiosi angave aiva nazvo paiva nebanga rokurodzesa chinyoreso chake nechokudzimisa mhosho. Shoko rimwe nerimwe raifanira kunyorwa nokungwarira. Kunyora naizvozvo kwaipfuurira zvishoma nezvishoma nechinetso chakati.
‘Ini, Tertiosi, Ndinokukwazisai’
Pakati pekwaziso dzakabatanidzwa pakupera kwetsamba yaienda kuvaRoma pane iya yomunyori waPauro, uyo akanyora kuti: “Ini Tertiosi, unonyora nwadi iyi, ndinokukwazisai munaShe.” (VaRoma 16:22) Ichi ndicho chiitiko bedzi chiri mumanyoro aPauro umo nongedzero yakajeka inoitwa kune mumwe wevanyori vake.
Tinoziva zvishoma pamusoro paTertiosi. Kubva pakukwazisa kwake “munaShe,” tinogona kugumisa kuti akanga ari muKristu akatendeka. Sezvinobvira aiva mutezo weungano yaiva muKorinte uye angave aiziva vaKristu vakawanda vaiva muRoma. Nyanzvi yeBhaibheri Giuseppe Barbaglio inokarakadza kuti Tertiosi aiva muranda kana kuti munhu akasunungurwa. Nei? Kutanga, nemhaka yokuti “vanyori kazhinji kazhinji vaiva veiri boka; uyewo, nemhaka yokuti zita rake rechiLatin . . . rainyanyova revaranda nevanhu vakasunungurwa.” “Naizvozvo,” anodaro Barbaglio, “akanga asiri munyori wounyanzvi ‘ane usimbe,’ aishanda pamwe naPauro uye nenzira iyi akamubatsira kunyora tsamba yake hurusa uye yakajeka: basa rinokosha, rakagonesa Pauro kuva nenguva yakawanda uye kudzivisa kunetseka.”
Iri basa raTertiosi zvirokwazvo rinokosha. Bharuki akaitira Jeremia basa rakafanana, zvinovawo ndizvo zvakaita Sirvano kuna Petro. (Jeremia 36:4; 1 Petro 5:12) Iropafadzo yakadini yavakava nayo kushanda pamwe chete!
Kunyorera vaRoma
Tsamba yakaenda kuvaRoma yakanyorwa apo Pauro akanga ari muenzi waGayo, sezvinobvira muKorinte. Maiva munenge muna 56 C.E., mukati merwendo rwechitatu rwomuapostora rweufundisi. (VaRoma 16:23) Kunyange zvazvo tichinyatsoziva kuti Pauro akashandisa Tertiosi somunyori wake kuti anyore tsamba iyi, hatinyatsozivi kuti akamushandisa sei. Ungava mutoo upi noupi waakashandisa, basa racho harina kuitwa nenzira iri nyore. Asi tine chokwadi cheizvi: Kufanana neBhaibheri rose, tsamba yaPauro kuvaRoma yaka“furidzirwa naMwari.”—2 Timotio 3:16, 17.
Pakapedzwa tsamba iyoyi, Tertiosi naPauro vakanga vanyora zviuru zvamashoko, vachishandisa mapepa anoverengeka enhokwe. Pashure pokubatanidzwa pamwe chete zvakatwasuka, mapepa aya akaumba mupumburu, zvimwe wakareba mamita 3 kusvikira ku4. Tsamba yacho yakanyatsomoneredzwa ndokunamwa. Ipapo Pauro anoratidzika kuva akaipa Fibhi, imwe hanzvadzi yaibva kuKenkrea, iyo yakanga yava pedyo nokuita rwendo rwokuenda kuRoma.—VaRoma 16:1, 2.
Kubvira muzana ramakore rokutanga, mitoo yaishandiswa kunyora mashoko yakachinja zvikuru. Asi mumazana amakore, tsamba yakaenda kuvaKristu vomuRoma yakachengetedzwa naMwari. Tinogona kuva vanoonga sei ichi chikamu cheShoko raJehovha, chakanyorwa nebetsero yomunyori akatendeka waPauro uye aishanda nesimba Tertiosi!