Chitambudzo Chinoita Kuti muAndiyoki Muve Nokuwedzera

CHITAMBUDZO pachakawedzera Stefani aurayirwa kutenda, vadzidzi vaJesu vakawanda vakatiza muJerusarema. Imwe nzvimbo yavakatizira kuti vachengeteke yaiva Andiyoki, muSiriya, makiromita 550 nechokuchamhembe. (Mabasa 11:19) Zvakazoitika ikoko zvaizochinja nhau yose yechiKristu. Kuti tinzwisise zvakaitika, zvingabatsira kuziva zvishoma nezveAndiyoki.

Kana kuri kukura, kubudirira, uye kukosha kwemaguta oUmambo hweRoma, Andiyoki yaikundwa neRoma neArekizandriya chete. Guta guru iri reSiriya ndiro rakanga rakakurumbira nechokukona yokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwegova reMediterranean. Andiyoki (yava kunzi Antakya mazuva ano, iri kuTurkey) yaiva paRwizi Orontes rwunogona kufamba ngarava, rwaiibatanidza nechiteshi chayo chengarava, Seleucia Pieria, makiromita 32 kubva ikoko. Raitarisira imwe yenzira dzaikosha kwazvo dzaishandiswa panzendo dzokutengeserana pakati peRoma noMupata weTigirisi-Yufuratesi. Zvayakanga iri nzvimbo yepakati yezvokutengeserana, yakaita bhizimisi noumambo hwose uye yakaona zvinoitwa nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana, vaiuya nemashoko ezvaiitika muzvitendero kwose kwose munyika dzaidzorwa neRoma.

Chitendero nouzivi zvechiGiriki zvakanga zvapararira muAndiyoki. Asi “munguva yaKristu,” anodaro wezvenhau Glanville Downey, “mapoka ekare ezvitendero nouzivi zvakanga zvoita senyaya dzinotendwa zvichitsamira nomunhu, sezvo vanhu vakanga vava kutsvaka vakasununguka kugutswa zvinetso zvavo uye zvishuvo nechitendero.” (A History of Antioch in Syria) Vakawanda vakagutsikana nokutenda muna Mwari mumwe, mitambo, uye tsika dzechiJudha.

Vanhu vakawanda vechiJudha vakanga vagara muAndiyoki kubvira pakavambwa guta racho muna 300 B.C.E. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vaibvira pa20 000 kusvika ku60 000, vachiumba 10 muzana yevagari vemo. Wezvenhau Josephus anoti dzinza remadzimambo raSeleucid rakakurudzira vaJudha kugara muguta racho, richivapa kodzero yakazara yokuva zvizvarwa zvemo. Panguva iyoyo, Magwaro echiHebheru aivapo muchiGiriki. Izvi zvakawedzera kufarira kwevaida Mesiya wechiJudha. Saka, vatendeuki vakawanda vakanga vabva muvaGiriki. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti Andiyoki ive munda wakaorera wokuti vaKristu vaite vadzidzi.

Kuparidza Kune Vemamwe Marudzi

Vakawanda vevadzidzi vaJesu vaitambudzwa vakapararira vachibva kuJerusarema vaingotaurira vaJudha chete zvavaitenda. Zvisinei, muAndiyoki, vamwe vadzidzi vaibva kuKupro neKurini vakataura ne“vanhu vaitaura chiGiriki.” (Mabasa 11:20) Kunyange zvazvo kuparidza kuvaJudha vaitaura chiGiriki uye kuvatendeuki kwakanga kuchipfuurira kubvira paPendekosti ya33 C.E., kuparidza muAndiyoki kunoita sokwaiva chinhu chitsva. Kwakanga kusingaitirwi vaJudha chete. Chokwadi, mumwe weVemamwe Marudzi Koneriyasi nemhuri yake vakanga vatova vadzidzi. Asi zvaitoda kuti Jehovha aratidze muapostora Petro chiratidzo kuti azive kuti anofanira kuparidza kune Vemamwe Marudzi, kana kuti vanhu vemarudzi.—Mabasa 10:1-48.

Muguta raigara nzanga huru uye yemakore nemakore yechiJudha uye pasina kuvengana kwakanyanya pakati pevaJudha neVemamwe Marudzi, vaisava vaJudha vaipupurirwa uye vaigamuchira zvakanaka mashoko akanaka. Maererano nouchapupu huripo Andiyoki yakapa mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kuti kuwedzera ikoko kuitike, uye “vakawanda zvikuru vakava vatendi.” (Mabasa 11:21) Uye vatendeuki, vaimbonamata vanamwari vechihedheni, pavakava vaKristu, vakanyatsoshongedzwa kuti vapupurire vamwe Vemamwe Marudzi vakanga vachiri kuita kudaro.

Payakanzwa nezvezvakanga zvichiitika muAndiyoki, ungano yaiva muJerusarema yakatumira Bhanabhasi ikoko kunoongorora. Chisarudzo ichocho chaiva chokuchenjera uye chorudo. Akanga ari wokuKupro, sevamwe vaya vakanga vatanga kuparidza kune vaisava vaJudha. Bhanabhasi anofanira kunge akasununguka pakati peVemamwe Marudzi vokuAndiyoki. Ivowo, vaizomutora senhengo yenzanga yavaiziva.a Aigona kunzwisisa basa rakanga richiitwa. Saka “akati asvika akaona mutsa usina kufanirwa waMwari, akafara akatanga kuvakurudzira vose kuti varambe vari munaShe nokutsunga kwemwoyo,” uye “boka guru revanhu rakawedzerwa kunaShe.”—Mabasa 11:22-24.

“Zvingangove zvikonzero zvakaita kuti rwendo rwokutanga rwoufundisi kuAndiyoki rwubudirire,” anodaro munyori wenhau Downey, “zvingava kuti muguta iri vafundisi vaisafanira kutya vaJudha vainyanyisa vakadai sevavakanga vasangana navo muJerusarema; uyewo kuti guta racho, sezvo raiva guta guru reSiriya, raidzorwa nomutungamiriri wehondo, uye nokudaro raiva norunyararo rwakati kurei, rine mikana mishoma yokuti mhomho iite zvechisimba sezviya zvakanga zvaitika muJerusarema, uko vakuru vakuru veJudhiya (panguva ino chete) vanoita sevakanga vasingagoni kudzora vaJudha vainyanyisa.”

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kudaro uye ane zvakawanda zvokuita, Bhanabhasi zvichida akaziva kuti aida kubatsirwa, uye akafunga nezveshamwari yake Sauro. Nei Sauro, kana kuti Pauro? Sezviri pachena nokuti Pauro, kunyange zvazvo akanga asiri mumwe wevaapostora 12, akanga anzi aite muapostora kumamwe marudzi. (Mabasa 9:15, 27; VaRoma 1:5; Zvakazarurwa 21:14) Saka, Pauro akanga akanyatsokodzera kuva shamwari mukuzivisa mashoko akanaka muguta reVemamwe Marudzi reAndiyoki. (VaGaratiya 1:16) Nokudaro Bhanabhasi akaenda kuTaso, akawana Sauro, ndokuuya naye kuAndiyoki.—Mabasa 11:25, 26; ona bhokisi riri pamapeji 26-27.

Vakatumidzwa Kuti vaKristu Nokutungamirira kwaMwari

Kwegore rose, Bhanabhasi naSauro “vakadzidzisa boka guru revanhu, uye maiva muAndiyoki umo vadzidzi vakatanga kutumidzwa kuti vaKristu nokutungamirira kwaMwari.” Zvingasava izvo kuti vaJudha ndivo vakatanga kudana vateveri vaJesu kuti vaKristu (chiGiriki) kana kuti vateveri vaMesiya (chiHebheru), nokuti vairamba kuti Jesu ndiMesiya, kana kuti Kristu, saka vaisazomubvuma zvisina kunanga nokudana vateveri vake kuti vaKristu. Vamwe vanofunga kuti vahedheni vangave vakavapa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti vaKristu vachiita jee kana kuti vachinyomba. Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti zita rokuti vaKristu rakaita zvokupiwa naMwari.—Mabasa 11:26.

MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, chiito chakashandiswa chine chokuita nezita iri idzva, chinowanzoshandurwa kuti “vakatumidzwa,” nguva dzose chine chokuita nechimwe chinhu chine simba rinopfuura romunhu, svikiro, kana kuti Mwari. Saka vakadzidza vanochishandura kuti “kutaura kwesvikiro,” “kutaura kwaMwari,” kana kuti “kupa murayiro waMwari kana kuti zano, kudzidzisa ari kudenga.” Sezvo vateveri vaJesu vakanga vatumidzwa kuti vaKristu “nokutungamirira kwaMwari,” zvinoita kuti Jehovha akarayira Sauro naBhanabhasi kuti vape zita racho.

Zita idzva rakapfuurira kushandiswa. Vadzidzi vaJesu vakanga vasingachatorwi seboka rechiJudha, iro vakanga vakasiyana naro zvachose. Pakuzosvika munenge muna 58 C.E., vakuru vakuru veRoma vakanga vava kunyatsoziva kuti vaKristu vaiva vanaani. (Mabasa 26:28) Maererano nowezvenhau Tacitus, pakuzosvika muna 64 C.E., zita racho rakanga rava kutoshandiswa nevanhu vakawanda vomuRoma.

Jehovha Anoshandisa Vakatendeka Vake

Mashoko akanaka akabudirira kwazvo muAndiyoki. Nokukomborera kwaJehovha uye kutsunga kwevateveri vaJesu kuramba vachiparidza, Andiyoki yakava nzvimbo huru yechiKristu chomuzana remakore rokutanga. Mwari akashandisa ungano yeko kuva pokutangira kuti mashoko akanaka aparidzwe kunyika dzaiva kure. Somuenzaniso, Andiyoki yaiva nzvimbo yokusimukira parwendo rwoufundisi rwoga rwoga rwaitanga kuitwa nomuapostora Pauro.

Mazuva ano kushingaira uye kutsunga mukunangana nechishoro kwaitawo kuti kuparadzirwa kwechiKristu chechokwadi kubudirire, zvichigonesa vakawanda kunzwa mashoko akanaka uye kuratidza kuonga chokwadi ichocho.b Saka kana ukanangana nechishoro nokuti unotsigira kunamata kwakachena, ziva kuti Jehovha ane zvikonzero zvake zvokuchibvumira. Somuzana remakore rokutanga, vanhu nhasi vanofanira kupiwa mukana wokunzwa nezvoUmambo hwaMwari vohutsigira. Kutsunga kwako kuramba uchishumira Jehovha nokutendeka zvichida ndiko chaiko kunodiwa kuti ubatsire mumwe munhu kuti asvike pakuva nezivo yakarurama yechokwadi.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 26, 27]

“Makore Asingataurwi Nezvawo” aSauro

KUTAURWA kwokupedzisira kwaSauro mubhuku raMabasa asati atamira kuAndiyoki munenge muna 45 C.E. ndepaya apo urongwa hwokumuuraya muJerusarema hwakavhiringidzwa, uye vaaitenda navo vakamutumira kuTaso. (Mabasa 9:28-30; 11:25) Asi akanga ari makore mapfumbamwe izvi zvisati zvaitika, munenge muna 36 C.E. Akaitei munguva iyi—nguva inonzi makore aSauro asingataurwi nezvawo?

Achibva Jerusarema, Sauro akaenda kumatunhu eSiriya neKirikiya, uye ungano dzeJudhiya dzakanzwa kuti: “Murume uya aimbotitambudza zvino ava kuzivisa mashoko akanaka pamusoro pokutenda kwaaimboparadza.” (VaGaratiya 1:21-23) Mashoko iwayo angave akareva nezvebasa raaiita naBhanabhasi muAndiyoki, asi kunyange izvozvo zvisati zvaitika hapana mubvunzo kuti Sauro aishanda. Pakazosvika 49 C.E., ungano dzinoverengeka dzakanga dzava kuwanika muSiriya neKirikiya. Imwe yacho yaiva muAndiyoki, asi vamwe vanofunga kuti dzimwe dzingave dzakavapo nemhaka yebasa raSauro mumakore ake anonzi asingataurwi nezvawo.—Mabasa 11:26; 15:23, 41.

Vamwe vakadzidza vanotenda kuti zviitiko izvozvo zvinoshamisa muupenyu hwaSauro zvinofanira kushandisirwa misi yenguva iyoyowo. Nhamo dzakawanda dzaakatambura so‘mushumiri waKristu’ pane dzimwe nguva dzakati omei kuziva misi yadzakaitika mubasa rake roufundisi. (2 VaKorinde 11:23-27) Sauro akarohwa kashanu shamhu makumi matatu nepfumbamwe nevaJudha rini? Akarohwa kupi katatu netsvimbo? Ndokupi kwaakapfigirwa mujeri ‘kakawanda.’? Kumbopfigirwa kwake mujeri kuRoma kwakaitika gare gare. Tine nhoroondo inotaura nezvenguva imwe yaakarohwa ndokuiswa mujeri—muFiripi. Zvakadini nedzimwe nguva dzacho? (Mabasa 16:22, 23) Mumwe munyori anoti munguva iyi Sauro “aiparidza zvaKristu mumasinagogi eDiaspora munzira yokuti aparire chitambudzo chinobva kuzviremera zvechitendero uye zvehurumende.”

Sauro akaputsikirwa nechikepe kana, asi Magwaro anopa mashoko akadzama nezvokumwe chete, kwakaitika arondedzera matambudziko ake paainyorera vaKorinde. (Mabasa 27:27-44) Saka kumwe kwacho kutatu kungadaro kwakaitika kwaari munzendo dzomugungwa dzatisingazivi nezvadzo. Zvipi nezvipi kana kuti zvose zvezviitiko izvi zvingave zvakaitika mu“makore asingataurwi nezvawo.”

Chimwe chiitiko chinoita sechenguva iyi chinorondedzerwa pana 2 VaKorinde 12:2-5. Sauro akati: ‘Ndinoziva mumwe murume akanga ari pamwe naKristu uyo, makore gumi nemana apfuura akatorwa akaendeswa kudenga rechitatu, kuparadhiso, akanzwa mashoko asingatauriki ayo asingabvumirwi nomutemo kuti munhu ataure.’ Zviri pachena kuti Sauro akanga achizvitaura iye pachake. Sezvo akanyora izvi munenge muna 55 C.E., makore 14 zvisati zvaitika zvinobva zvatiendesa shure muna 41 C.E., pakati pe“makore asingataurwi nezvawo.”

Pasina mubvunzo zvakaratidzwa izvozvo zvakapa Sauro kunzwisisa kwakasiyana nokumwe. Kwaizomushongedza here so“muapostora kumamwe marudzi”? (VaRoma 11:13) Kune zvakwakaita here pamafungiro, manyorero, uye matauriro aakazoita? Makore ari pakati pokutendeuka kwaSauro nokudanwa kwake kuAndiyoki akashanda kumurovedza uye kumuita kuti akure nokuda kwemitoro yenguva yaiva mberi here? Chero mhinduro dzipi hadzo kumibvunzo yakadaro, tinogona kuva nechokwadi kuti Bhanabhasi paakamukoka kuti abatsire kutungamirira basa rokuparidza muAndiyoki, Sauro aishingaira akanga anyatsoshongedzwa kuti aite basa rake.—Mabasa 11:19-26.

[Mepu iri papeji 25]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

SIRIYA

Orontes

Andiyoki

Serukiya

KUPRO

GUNGWA REMEDITERRANEAN

Jerusarema

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 24]

Pamusoro: Andiyoki yamazuva ano

Pakati: Kumaodzanyemba kweSerukiya

Pasi: Mudhuri wechiteshi chengarava cheSerukiya