Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 50—VaFiripi
Munyori: Pauro
Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Roma
Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 60–61 C.E.
1. (a) VaFiripi vakasvika sei pakunzwa mashoko akanaka? (b) Mamirirei ezvinhu enhau ekare ari efariro pamusoro peguta reFiripi?
APO muapostora Pauro akagamuchira danidzo muchiono yokupinza mashoko akanaka muMakedhonia, iye neshamwari dzake, Ruka, Sirasi, uye Timotio muduku, vakakurumidza kuteerera. Vachibva Troa muAsia Minor, vakafamba nechikepe kuenda kuNeapori ndokutanga pakarepo kuenda Firipi, makiromita anenge 15 vachipinda munyika nomumupata wegomo. Guta racho rinorondedzerwa naRuka se“guta guru renyika yeMakedhonia.” (Mabasa 16:12) Rakapiwa zita rokuti Firipi ramambo weMakedhonia Philip II (baba vaAlexander Mukuru), uyo akatapa guta racho muna 356 B.C.E. Gare gare rakatorwa navaRoma. Yakanga iri nzvimbo yehondo dzokupedzisira muna 42 B.C.E. iyo yakabetsera kusimbisa nzvimbo yaOctavian, uyo gare gare akava Kesari Augusto. Mukurangarira rukundo rwacho, akaita kuti Firipi ive koroni yeRoma.
2. Pauro akaita fambiro mberii nokuparidza kwake muFiripi, uye zviitikoi zvakaitika pakutangwa kweungano imomo?
2 Yakanga iri tsika yaPauro pakusvika muguta idzva kutanga kuparidza kuvaJudha. Zvisinei, pakusvika kwake kwokutanga muFiripi munenge muna 50 C.E., akawana ivava vari vashomanene muuwandu uye sezviri pachena vasina sinagoge, nokuti vaisisangana nokuda kwomunyengetero pamhenderekedzo yerwizi kunze kwetaundi racho. Kuparidza kwaPauro kwakakurumidza kubereka zvibereko, mumwe wavatendeuki vokutanga achiva Ridhia, muzvinabhizimisikadzi nemupuroserite wechiJudha, uyo akagamuchira nokudisa chokwadi pamusoro paKristu ndokuomerera kuti vafambi vagare paimba yake. “Akatitendisa,” anonyora kudaro Ruka. Chishoro chakakurumidza kusanganwa nacho, zvisinei, uye Pauro naSirasi vakarohwa netsvimbo uye ipapo vakaiswa mutorongo. Apo vakanga vari mutorongo, kudengenyeka kwapasi kwakaitika, uye murindi wetorongo nemhuri yake, vachiteerera Pauro naSirasi, vakava vatendi. Zuva rakatevera racho Pauro naSirasi vakasunungurwa mutorongo, uye vakashanyira hama pamusha waRidhia ndokudzikurudzira vasati vabva muguta racho. Pauro akaenda neyeuko dzakajeka dzamatambudziko akapoteredza kutangwa kweungano itsva muFiripi.—Mabasa 16:9-40.
3. Kuonanai kwapashure uko Pauro akava nako neungano yeFiripi?
3 Makore mashomanene gare gare, mukati merwendo rwake rwoufundisi rwechitatu, Pauro akakwanisa zvakare kushanyira ungano yeFiripi. Ipapo, makore anenge gumi pashure pokutanga kuumba ungano yacho, kuratidzirwa kunoorora kworudo rwehama muFiripi kwakasunda Pauro kuti adzinyorere tsamba yakafuridzirwa iyo yakachengetwa muMagwaro Matsvene muzita reungano iyoyo inodiwa.
4. Chii chinozivisa munyori webhuku raVaFiripi, uye chii chinobvumikisa uchokwadi hwetsamba yacho?
4 Kuti Pauro akanyora tsamba yacho, sezvinotaurwa mundima yayo yokutanga, kunowanzogamuchirwa navatsinhiri veBhaibheri, uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Polycarp (69?-155? C.E.) mutsamba yake amene kuvaFiripi anodudza kuti Pauro akanga avanyorera. Tsamba yacho inonokorwa mashoko seyakabva kuna Pauro navatsinhiri veBhaibheri vapakuvamba vakadai saIgnatius, Irenaeus, Tertullian, uye Clement weAlexandria. Inodudzwa muMuratorian Fragment yezana ramakore rechipiri C.E. nomudzimwe ndaza dzose dzamanyoro matsvene anogamuchirwa dzapakuvamba, uye inooneka iri pamwe chete nedzimwe tsamba sere dzaPauro dziri muChester Beatty Papyrus Nha. 2 (P46), inodavirwa kuva yakavambira munenge muna 200 C.E.
5. Chii chinonongedzera kuRoma senzvimbo yokunyorera?
5 Nzvimbo nomusi zvokunyora zvinogona kusimbiswa nouchokwadi hune mufungo. Panguva yokunyora, Pauro akanga ari musungwa akachengetwa navachengeti vamambo weRoma, uye kwakanga kune mubato mukuru wechiKristu waiitika makamupoteredza. Akapfiga tsamba yake nekwaziso dzakabva kune vakatendeka vari muimba yaKesari. Aya maidi anobatana kunongedzera kuRoma senzvimbo uko tsamba yacho yakatumirwa ichibva kwairi.—VaF. 1:7, 13, 14; 4:22; Mabasa 28:30, 31.
6. Ufakazii huripo hwenguva yokunyorwa kwebhuku raVaFiripi?
6 Asi tsamba yacho yakanyorwa rini? Kunoratidzika kuti Pauro akanga atove ari muRoma kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti mashoko okuiswa kwake mutorongo somuKristu nezvikonzero ave akapararira nomuBoka Ravarwi Rinochengeta ramambo chaimo nokuvamwe vakawanda. Uyewo, kwakanga kwave kune nguva yokuti Epafradhito abve Firipi (makiromita ane 1 000) nechipo chaPauro, yokuti mashoko okurwara kwaEpafrodhito muRoma adzokezve kuFiripi, uye yokuti kuratidzirwa kworusuruvaro pana ikoku kubve kuFiripi kuenda kuRoma. (VaF. 2:25-30; 4:18) Sezvo kuiswa mutorongo kwokutanga kwaPauro muRoma kwakaitika munenge muna 59-61 C.E., sezvingabvira zvikuru akanyora iyi tsamba munenge muna 60 kana kuti 61 C.E., gore rimwe kana kuti kupfuura pashure pokusvika kwake kwokutanga muRoma.
7. (a) Chisungoi chaivapo pakati paPauro navaFiripi, uye chii chakamunyandura kuti anyore? (b) VaFiripi rudzii rwetsamba?
7 Marwadzo okubereka akatamburwa mukubereka ava vana kuFiripi kupfurikidza neshoko rezvokwadi, chidakadaka chavaFiripi nokupa zvipo zvezvinhu zvaidikanwa izvo zvakatevera Pauro mukwakawanda kwokufamba kwake nenhamo, uye zvikomborero zvaJehovha zvakatanhamara zvamabasa okutanga oufundisi muMakedhonia zvose zvakabatanidzwa kuumba chisungo chakasimba chokudana pakati paPauro nehama dzeFiripi. Zvino chipo chavo chomutsa, chakateverwa nokubvunza kwavo kwokuda kuziva pamusoro paEpafrodhito nefambiro mberi yamashoko akanaka muRoma, zvakanyandura Pauro kuvanyorera tsamba youshamwari neyechidakadaka yekurudziro inovaka.
ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAVAFIRIPI
8. (a) Pauro anoratidzira sei chivimbo chake muhama dzeFiripi nechidakadaka nokuda kwadzo? (b) Pauro anotaurei pamusoro pezvisungo zvake zvetorongo, uye izanoi raanopa?
8 Kudzivirirwa nokufambira mberi kwamashoko akanaka (1:1-30). Pauro naTimotio vanotumira kwaziso, uye Pauro anoonga Mwari nokuda kwomupiro uyo vaFiripi vakaita kumashoko akanaka “kubva pazuva rokutanga kusvikira zvino.” Anovimba kuti vachaita basa ravo rakanaka kusvikira kukupedza, nokuti vagoverani naye mumutsa usakafanirwa, kubatanidza “kutavirira nokusimbisa Evhangeri.” Anoshuva vose zvavo muchidakadaka chinyoro uye anoti: “Ndizvo zvandinonyengetera, kuti rudo rwenyu rurambe ruchingowanda . . . kuti muidze muzive kuti zvinhu zvakanaka ndezvipi.” (1:5, 7, 9, 10) Pauro anoda kuti vazive kuti “zvaka[mu]wira zvakatofambisa Evhangeri,” mukuti zvisungo zvake zvomutorongo zvakazivikanwa navose uye hama dzakakurudzirwa kutaura shoko raMwari nenzira yokusatya. Nepo kune mhindu kuti Pauro afe zvino, bva anoziva kuti nokuda kwefambiro mberi yavo nomufaro, kuri madikanwa zvikuru kuti agare. Iye anovapa zano kuti vazvibate nomutoo wakafanira mashoko akanaka, nokuti kana achiuya kwavari kana kuti kwete, anoda kunzwa kuti vari kupfuurira kurwa muchinzwano uye havasati ‘vachitongotyiswa navashori vavo.’—1:12, 28.
9. VaFiripi vangachengeta sei chimiro chendangariro chaKristu?
9 Kuchengeta chimiro chimwe chetecho chendangariro saKristu (2:1-30). Pauro anokurudzira vaFiripi kuzvininipisa, ‘vachitarira, kwete fariro yomunhu oga pazvinhu zvavo vamene chete, asiwo fariro yomunhu oga paizvo zvavamwe.’ Vanofanira kuva nechimiro chimwe chetecho chendangariro saKristu Jesu, uyo, kunyange zvazvo aivako muchimiro chaMwari, akazvipa amene kuti ave munhu ndokuzvininipisa amene mukuteerera kusvikira kurufu, zvokuti Mwari akamukwidziridza uye akamupa zita riri pamusoro perimwe zita riri rose. Pauro anovarayira, kuti: “Pedzisai kuponeswa kwenyu nokutya nokudedera.” “Itai zvose musinganyunyuti musine nharo,” uye rambai “makabatisisa shoko roupenyu.” (2:4, 12, 14, 16) Anokarira kutumira Timotio kwavari uye anovimba kuti iye amene achauyawo nokukurumidza. Nokuda kwenguva ino, kuti vagofarazve, ari kuvatumira Epafrodhito, uyo akanaya paurwere hwake.
10. Pauro akaronda sei akananga kunharidzano, uye anorayirei nokuda kwavamwe?
10 Ku“shingairira kunharidzano” (3:1–4:23). ‘Isu vokudzingiswa chaikoiko,’ anodaro Pauro, ‘tinofanira kuchenjerera imbwa, avo vanokuvadza nyama.’ Kana munhu upi noupi ane zvikonzero zvokuvimba nenyama, Pauro ane zvakatowanda zvikuru, uye chinyorwa chake somuJudha akadzingiswa nomuFarise chinokubvumikisa. Bva kwose ikoku akakurangarira sokurasikirwa ‘nokuda kwoukoshi hukuru hwokuziva Kristu Jesu Ishe wake.’ Kupfurikidza nokururama uko kuri kupfurikidza nokutenda, iye anokarira kuti a“svike pakumuka kwavakafa.” (3:2, 3, 8, 11) Naizvozvo, anodaro Pauro, “ndichinanavira kune zviri mberi, ndinoshingairira kunharidzano, kuti ndipiwe mubayiro wokudana kwaMwari kunobva kudenga, muna Kristu Jesu.” Vakawanda sevakakura mumudzimu ngavave nechimiro chendangariro chimwe chetecho. Kune avo vana mwari wavo riri dumbu ravo, avo vane ndangariro dzavo dziri pazvinhu zviri pasi pano, uye vane mugumo uyo uri ruparadziko, asi “nyika yedu,” Pauro anobvuma kudaro, “iri kudenga.”—3:13, 14, 20.
11. (a) Ndezvipi zviri zvinhu zvinofanira kurangarirwa nokushandiswa? (b) Pauro anotaurei pamusoro porupo rwavaFiripi?
11 ‘Farai munaShe,’ Pauro anorayira kudaro, ‘uye kuva nomufungo kwenyu ngakuzivikanwe navanhu vose. Pfuurirai kurangarira zvinhu zviri zvechokwadi nezveitiro hanya yakakomba, zvinhu zvakarurama, zvakachena, zvinodiwa, zvinotaurwa zvakanaka nezvazvo, zvakanaka, uye zvinorumbidzwa. Shandisai zvamakadzidza nokugamuchira nokunzwa nokuona pamusoro pangu, uye Mwari worugare achava nemi.’ (4:4-9) Pauro anofarira zvikuru kwazvo mifungo yorupo yavaFiripi kwaari, kunyange zvazvo ane simba rezvinhu zvose “naiye uno[mu]pa simba.” Anovaonga nenzira youshamwari nokuda kwechipo chavo. Kubvira pakutanga pokuzivisa kwake mashoko akanaka muMakedhonia, vakaita zvakanakisisa mukupa. Mwari achagoverawo zvizere “kushayiwa [kwavo] kwose pafuma yake, mukubwinya, muna Kristu Jesu.” (4:13, 19) Anotumira kwaziso dzinobva kuvatsvene vose, kubatanidza avo veimba yaKesari.
CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA
12. Isu nhasi, kufanana nehama dzaiva kuFiripi, tingawana sei tendero yaMwari ndokuva mufaro kuhama dzedu?
12 Bhuku raVaFiripi nderebetsero sei nokuda kwedu! Zvirokwazvo tinoshuva tendero yaJehovha norudzi rumwe cheterwo rwerumbidzo kubva kuvatariri vedu vechiKristu iyo ungano yeFiripi yakagamuchira ichibva kuna Pauro. Iyoyi inogona kuva yedu kana tikatevera muenzaniso wakaisvonaka wavaFiripi nezano rorudo raPauro. Kufanana navaFiripi, tinofanira kuratidzira rupo, kuitira hanya kuyamura hama dzedu apo dzinenge dziri muchinetso, uye kugoverana mukudzivirirwa nokusimbiswa pamutemo kwamashoko akanaka. (1:3-7) Tinofanira kupfuurira “[kumira] nesimba nomweya mumwe, nomwoyo mumwe, [ti]chirwira kutenda kweEvhangeri,” tichipenya se“zviedza” pakati pechizvarwa chakatsveyama nechakakombama. Sezvatinoita zvinhu izvozvi ndokupfuurira kurangarira zvinhu zveitiro hanya yakakomba, tingava mufaro kuhama dzedu munzira imwe cheteyo iyo vaFiripi vakava nayo mufaro mukuru kumuapostora Pauro.—1:27; 2:15; 4:1, 8.
13. Tingatevedzera Pauro takabatana munzirai?
13 “Ivai vateveri vangu mose,” anodaro Pauro. Kumutevedzera munzirai? Imwe nzira ndeyokuva vanogutsikana mumamirire ose ezvinhu. Kana Pauro akanga ane zvakawanda kana kuti achishayiwa, akadzidza kuzvigadziridza amene asinganyunyuti kumamirire ezvinhu, kuti apfuurire nenzira yokushingaira uye nokufara muushumiri hwaMwari. Vose vanofanira kuvawo vakafanana naPauro mukuratidza chidakadaka chounyoro nokuda kwehama dzakatendeka. Akataura nezvoushumiri hwaTimotio naEpafrodhito nomufaro wechidakadaka wakadini! Uye akanzwa ari pedyo sei nehama dzeFiripi, idzo akanyorera se“vadikanwa vandinoshuva kwazvo, mufaro wangu, nekorona yangu”!—3:17; 4:1, 11, 12; 2:19-30.
14. Tsamba kuVaFiripi inopa zanoi rakaisvonaka pamusoro penharidzano youpenyu noUmambo, uye tsamba yacho yakanyorerwa zvikurukuru vanaani?
14 Pauro angatevedzerwazve sei? Kupfurikidza noku“shingairira kunharidzano”! Vose avo vakaisa ndangariro dzavo pa‘zvinhu zveitiro hanya yakakomba’ vanofarira zvikuru gadziriro yakaisvonaka yaJehovha mudenga napasi, umo ‘rurimi rwuri rwose ruchabvuma pachena kuti Jesu Kristu ndiShe kumbiri yaMwari Baba.’ Zano rakaisvonaka riri muna VaFiripi rinokurudzira vose avo vanokarira upenyu husingagumi pamusoro poUmambo hwaMwari kuti varonde nharidzano iyoyo. Tsamba kuvaFiripi, zvisinei, yakanyorerwa zvikurukuru avo vane “nyika . . . iri kudenga” uye vanomirira nokudisa ku“[fanana] nomuviri wokubwinya kwa[Kristu].” Va“chikanganwa zviri shure, [va]chinanavira kune zviri mberi,” vose ivava ngavatevedzere muapostora Pauro muku“shingairira kunharidzano, kuti [va]piwe mubayiro wokudana . . . kunobva kudenga,” nhaka yavo ine mbiri muUmambo hwamatenga!—4:8; 2:10, 11; 3:13, 14, 20, 21.