Bhaibheri—Inhau Yekare Yakavimbika Here?
VAKAPA vatongi mhosva. Vakaranga vapristi. Vakatsiura vanhuwo zvavo nokuda kwouipi hwavo. Vakatonyora zvavakakundikana nezvivi zvavo kuti zviverengwe nevoruzhinji. Vakanetswa ndokutambudzwa, uye vamwe vakatourayiwa nokuti vaitaura nokunyora chokwadi. Ndivanaani ivavo? Vaprofita vomuBhaibheri, vazhinji vavo vakanyorawo Magwaro Matsvene.—Mateu 23:35-37.
Mubhuku rake rinonzi The Historian and History, Page Smith anonyora kuti: “[VaHebheru] vaive vasina tsitsi nemagamba avo sezvavaive vasina tsitsi nevapari vavo vemhosva, vasingazvinzwiri tsitsi sezvavaive vasinganzwiri tsitsi vavengi vavo, nokuti vaive vachinyora vakatariswa naMwari saka hapana chavaiwana asi vaive nezvizhinji zvavairasikirwa nazvo kana vakavanza mashoko.” Smith akanyorawo kuti “ichienzaniswa nenhoroondo dzinofinha dzemadzimambo varwi veSiriya kana Ijipiti, nhoroondo yematambudziko norukundo zvevanhu vakasarudzwa naMwari . . . inobudisa nyaya inopedza mate mukanwa. Vanyori venhoroondo vechiHebheru vaive vawana chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvenhau—kuti inoitwa kuti ivepo nevanhu chaivo, nezvikanganiso zvavo nezvinoshoreka pavari.”
Vanyori veBhaibheri vaive vakaruramawo zvinonwisa mvura. Aongorora kubatana kweBhaibheri nezvakaitika kare uye sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo, munyori Werner Keller akati munhanganyaya yebhuku rake rinonzi The Bible as History: “Ndaona umboo hunoshamisa hwechokwadi uye hwakaedzwa hwava kuwanikwa iye zvino, . . . muuropi hwangu makaramba muchipinda mutsetse wemashoko mumwe chete uyu: ‘Pashure pezvose Bhaibheri rakavimbika!’”
Zvakaitika Kare Zvine Zvidzidzo Zvakasimba
Kazhinji kacho vanyori veBhaibheri vaive vanhuwo zvavo—varimi, vafudzi, varedzi. Asi, zvavakanyora mumakore 1 600 zvapesvedzera vanhu vakawanda kupfuura zvakamboita zvimwe zvakanyorwa zvipi nezvipi, zvekare kana zvemazuva ano. Uyezve, zvavakanyora zvakatsoropodzwa nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana, zvikashaya basa. (Isaya 40:8; 1 Petro 1:25) Nhasi Bhaibheri rinogona kuverengwa muchikamu kana kuti rose rakakwana mumitauro inenge 2 200—kupfuura rimwe bhuku ripi neripi nokure! Nei Bhaibheri rakasiyana nemamwe mabhuku zvakadaro? Magwaro ari pasi apa anopindura mubvunzo iwoyo.
“Rugwaro rwose rwakafuridzirwa naMwari uye runobatsira pakudzidzisa, pakutsiura, pakururamisa zvinhu, pakuranga nokururama, kuti munhu waMwari ave anokwanisa kwazvo, akashongedzerwa zvakakwana basa rose rakanaka.”—2 Timoti 3:16, 17.
“Zvinhu zvose zvakanyorwa kare zvakanyorwa kuti tidzidze, kuti nokutsungirira kwedu uye nokunyaradza kunobva muMagwaro tive netariro.”—VaRoma 15:4.
“Zvinhu izvi zvakapfuurira kuvawira [vaIsraeri] semienzaniso, uye zvakanyorwa nokuda kwokunyevera isu [vaKristu] tasvikirwa nemigumo yegadziriro dzezvinhu.”—1 VaKorinde 10:11.
Hungu, zvariri chinyorwa chakachengetedzwa uye chakafuridzirwa naMwari chevanhu chaivo—vamwe vaifadza Mwari uye vamwe vaisamufadza—Bhaibheri rakakwirira kupfuura mamwe mabhuku. Harisi mirayiridzo yakarongwa isina musoro yezvokuita uye zvokusaita kana kuti muunganidzwa wetungano tunonakidza twokufadza vana. Zvechokwadi, Mwari akashandisa vanhu sevanyori, asi izvi zvakangonatsiridza Bhaibheri, zvichiriita kuti rinyatsokwezva mwoyo yevaverengi noushamwari kubva muchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe. Nyanzvi yezvinocherwa mumatongo William Albright akati: “Kudzama kwakaita pfungwa dziri muBhaibheri pazvinhu zvomudzimu netsika, kunoratidza kuzivisa kwaMwari pfungwa dzake achishandisa zvinoitika muvanhu, ndekwechokwadi nhasi sezvakwakanga kwakaita zviuru zviviri kana zvitatu zvemakore zvapfuura.”
Kuenzanisira kushanda kunoita Bhaibheri zvisinei nokuti inguva ipi, ngatidzokerei kumavambo enhau yevanhu—kunotaurwa nezvakwo neBhaibheri roga—tifunge nezvezvidzidzo zvinokosha zvinobva mubhuku raGenesi.
Zvidzidzo Zvinoenderana Nenguva Zvinobva Munhoroondo Yekare-kare
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, bhuku raGenesi rinozivisa matangiro akaita mhuri yevanhu—mazita nezvimwe zvose. Panyaya iyi hapana zvimwe zvakanyorwa zvekare zvinojekesa zvakadaro. ‘Asi kuziva kwatakabva nako kune ukoshi hwei nhasi?’ ungabvunza kudaro. Kune ukoshi hukuru, nokuti nokuzivisa kuti vanhu vose—pasinei norudzi rweganda, dzinza, kana nyika yavanobva—vanobva pavabereki vamwe, Genesi inobvisa hwaro hwose hworusarura ganda.—Mabasa 17:26.
Genesi inopawo nhungamiro patsika. Ine nhoroondo yeSodhomu, Gomora, nemaguta aiva akavakidzana nawo, ayo Mwari akaparadza nokuda kwounzenza hunosemesa hwevagari vemo. (Genesi 18:20–19:29) Judhasi Ndima 7 yebhuku reBhaibheri raJudha inoti: “Sodhomu neGomora nemaguta akanga akaapoteredza, aita ufeve zvakanyanyisa uye atsvaka nyama nokuda kwokushandisa kusiri kwemuzvarirwo . . . anoiswa pamberi pedu somuenzaniso.” Vanhu veSodhomu neGomora havana kumbowana mitemo yetsika kubva kuna Mwari, zvisinei, kufanana nevanhu vose, vaive negadziriro yehana yavakapiwa naMwari. Nokudaro, Mwari aigona nenzira yakarurama kuita kuti vanhu ivavo vazvidavirire nokuda kwezviito zvavo. (VaRoma 1:26, 27; 2:14, 15) Saizvozvowo nhasi, Mwari achaita kuti vanhu vose vazvidavirire nokuda kwezviito zvavo, vangave vachibvuma Shoko rake, Bhaibheri Dzvene, kana kuti kwete.—2 VaTesaronika 1:8, 9.
Chidzidzo Chezvakaitika Kare Mukupukunyuka
Chimwe chivezwa chedombo chiri paArch of Titus iri muRoma chinoratidza mauto eRoma akatakura midziyo mitsvene yakatorwa mutemberi muJerusarema pashure pokunge guta racho raparadzwa muna 70 C.E. VaJudha vanopfuura miriyoni vakaurayiwa. Zvisinei, vaKristu vanoteerera vakapukunyuka, nemhaka yenyevero yakagara yapiwa naJesu yokuti: “Pamunoona Jerusarema rakombwa nemauto akadzika misasa, zvadaro zivai kuti kuitwa dongo kwaro kwaswedera pedyo. Zvadaro vari muJudhiya ngavatange kutizira kumakomo, nevari mukati maro ngavabude, uye vari kumaruwa ngavarege kupinda mariri; nokuti aya mazuva okuita ruramisiro, kuti zvinhu zvose zvakanyorwa zvizadzike.”—Ruka 21:20-22.
Dambudziko reJerusarema raifanoratidza zvinenge zvakaita rimwe dambudziko guru kupfuura iri richawira nyika yose, kwete kuti inongovawo nhau yekare. Asi sezvakamboitika, kuchava nevanopukunyuka. Ava vanotsanangurwa se“boka guru revanhu, . . . vanobva kumarudzi ose nemadzinza nevanhu nendimi.” “Vanobva mukutambudzika kukuru” nokuda kwokutenda kwavo ropa raJesu rakadeurwa—kutenda kwakavakirwa zvakasimba panhau yeBhaibheri nouprofita.—Zvakazarurwa 7:9, 14.
Zvakaitika Kare Zvisingazodzokororwizve
Nhasi tiri kurarama munguva yokutonga kweSimba Renyika reBritain neAmerica, rokupedzisira rouprofita hweBhaibheri. Zvakaitika kare zvinoratidza kuti semamwe maSimba eNyika akaritangira, rinofanira kuguma. Asi sei? Maererano neBhaibheri, magumiro esimba iri achange akasiyana nemamwe zvechokwadi. Ichitaura nezvegore raive mberi ra1914 C.E., Dhanieri 2:44 yakati nezvemasimba ematongerwe enyika ari kutonga, kana kuti “ushe”: “Namazuva amadzimambo iwayo Mwari wokudenga uchamutsa ushe, husingatongozoparadzwi, uye simba rahwo haringapfuuri kuno rumwe rudzi rwavanhu; asi ihwo huchaputsanya nokuparadza ushe uhwo hwose, ihwo huchamira nokusingaperi.”
Hungu, Umambo hwaMwari—hurumende yake yokudenga inotungamirirwa naJesu Kristu—ichatsvaira kapi zvako kanomirira utongi hunodzvinyirira hwevanhu paAmagedhoni, mugumo wo“kutambudzika kukuru” kwambotaurwa nezvako. Pedzezvo, Umambo uhwu ‘hauzopfuudzwi kuno rumwe rudzi rwevanhu,’ zvichireva kuti hahufi hwakapidigurwa kana kubviswa nesarudzo. Nzvimbo yahuchadzora ichava “kusvikira kumigumo yapasi.”—Pisarema 72:8.
Pakupedzisira, kutonga kunongoramba kuchidzokorora kwechitendero chenhema, zvematongerwo enyika zvinodzvinyirira, zvokutengeserana zvemakaro zvichaguma. Pisarema 72:7 rinovimbisa kuti: “Wakarurama uchakura zvakanaka; rugare rwakawanda ruchavapo, kusvikira mwedzi waguma.” Hausi udyire norudado zvichazara pasi pose asi unhu hwaMwari hwakatanhamara hworudo. (1 Johani 4:8) Jesu akati: “Mudanane.” Nezveizvi, munyori wezvakaitika kare Will Durant akati: “Chidzidzo changu chokupedzisira muzvakaitika kare chakafanana nechaJesu. . . . Rudo ndirwo chinhu chinoshanda zvikuru kwazvo munyika.”
Kuda vanhu kwaMwari kwakamuita kuti afuridzire kunyorwa kweBhaibheri. Iro roga rinonyatsojekesa zvakapfuura, zviripo, uye zvichatevera. Tapota gamuchira mashoko aro anopa upenyu nokupedza nguva ine mwero mukuridzidza. Zviine chinangwa ichocho, uye zvichiteerera murayiro waJesu, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinoudza vavakidzani vazvo “mashoko akanaka oumambo.” Munguva pfupi iri kutevera mashoko akanaka aya achange asisiri uprofita chete. Achava nhau yechokwadi yakaitika kare.—Mateu 24:14.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 9]
“Pashure pezvose Bhaibheri rakarurama!”—WERNER KELLER
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 11]
“Kudzama kwakaita pfungwa dziri muBhaibheri pazvinhu zvomudzimu netsika . . . ndekwechokwadi nhasi sezvakwakanga kwakaita zviuru zviviri kana zvitatu zvemakore zvapfuura.”—WILLIAM ALBRIGHT, NYANZVI YEZVINOCHERWA MUMATONGO
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 9]
Dombo reMoabhi: Rine nhoroondo yaMambo Mesha yokurwisana pakati paMoabhi naIsraeri (2 Madzimambo 3:4-27), mazita enzvimbo dzomunguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri dzakasiyana-siyana, uye zita raMwari mumabhii echiHebheru chekare.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Dhinari resirivha: Rakagadzirwa riine mufananidzo nezita raTibheriyo Kesari (Mako 12:15-17).
Nhoroondo yaNabonidus: Hwendefa ine runyoro rwecuneiform inobvumirana nokukundwa kweBhabhironi naKoreshi. (Dhanieri, chitsauko 5)
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Mufananidzo wakatorwa nemvumo yeBritish Museum.
Chimedu Chedombo: Chine zita raPontiyo Pirato muchiLatin.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Mufananidzo © Israel Museum, Jerusalem; nemvumo yeIsrael Antiquities Authority.
Kuseri kweMupumburu weGungwa Rakafa: Kuongororwa kworugwaro rwaIsaya kwakaratidza kuti bhuku iri rakanga risina kuchinjwa kwemakore anopfuura 1 000 richikopwa nemaoko.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 10]
Chivezwa chedombo chiri pa“Arch of Titus”chinobvumirana nezvokuparadzwa kweJerusarema muna 70 C.E.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma