ʻOku Poupouʻi ʻe he Keli Fakatotoló ʻa e Tohi Tapú?

ʻI HE vakai ʻa e kau ako Tohi Tapú, ʻoku ʻaonga ʻa e keli fakatotoló, koeʻuhí ʻoku faʻa tānaki mai ʻe he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku maʻu aí ʻa e ʻilo ki he moʻui, tuʻunga, anga fakafonua mo e ngaahi lea ʻi he kuonga ʻo e Tohi Tapú. ʻOku toe ʻomai foki ʻe he keli fakatotoló ʻa e fakamatala ʻaonga fekauʻaki mo hono fakahoko ʻo e ngaahi kikite ʻi he Tohi Tapú, hangē ko hono tomuʻa tala ʻa e tō ʻi he kuonga muʻá ʻa Pāpilone, Ninive mo Taiá. (Selemaia 51:37; Isikeli 26:4, 12; Sefanaia 2:13-15) Kae kehe, ʻoku ʻi ai pē ʻa e ngātanga ʻo e keli fakatotoló. Ko e ngaahi naunau ʻoku maʻú kuo pau ke sivisiviʻi ia, pea ko hono fakamatalaʻí ʻoku lava ke hala mo liliuʻi ia ʻe he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá.

ʻOku ʻikai ke fakatuʻunga ʻa e tui ʻa e Kalisitiané ʻi he ngaahi vaasi kuo mafahifahi, ngaahi toetoenga piliki pe ngaahi ʻā kuo holofa, ka ʻi he tānekinga feongoongoi kotoa ʻo e moʻoni fakalaumālie ʻoku maʻu ʻi he Tohi Tapú. (2 Kolinito 5:7; Hepelu 11:1) Ko e moʻoni, ko e feongoongoi ʻi loto, fakamatala totonu, ngaahi kikite kuo fakahokó, pea mo e ngaahi tafaʻaki lahi kehe ʻo e Tohi Tapú ʻoku ʻomi ai ʻa e fakamoʻoni fakatupu tuipau ko e “potu Folofola kotoa pe ne fakamanava mei he ʻOtua.” (2 Timote 3:16) Neongo ia, fakakaukau angé ki ha ngaahi meʻa fakatupu tokanga naʻe maʻu ʻi he keli fakatotoló ʻa ia ʻoku poupou ia ki he ngaahi fakamatala ʻi he Tohi Tapú.

Naʻe maʻu ʻe ha timi keli fakatotolo ʻi Selusalema ʻi he 1970 ha toetoenga ʻo ha vela ne hoko. “Naʻe hā mahino ʻa e meʻá ki ha taha pē naʻe akoʻi ʻi he malaʻe ʻo e keli fakatotoló,” ko e tohi ia ʻe Nahman Avigad, ko e taki ʻi he timi keli fakatotoló. “Naʻe keina ʻe he velá ʻa e falé, pea naʻe holofa ʻa e ngaahi holisí mo e ʻaofí.” ʻI he loki ʻe taha naʻe maʻu ai ha ngaahi hui [1] ʻo ha nima, ʻoku mafola hono ngaahi louhiʻi nimá, ʻo mafao atu ke ala ki ha sitepu.

Naʻe laku ʻi he falikí ʻa e ngaahi foʻi koini [2], ʻa ia ko e ʻaho fakamuimui taha ʻoku fakafuofua ki aí ko e taʻu hono fā ʻo e angatuʻu ki Loma ʻa e kau Siú—ʻi he 69 T.S. Naʻe movete holo ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kehekehe ki muʻa ke holofa ʻa e falé. “ʻI he vakai ki he meʻá ni,” ko e lau ia ʻa Avigad, “ne mau manatuʻi ai ʻa hono fakamatalaʻi ʻe Siosifasi ʻa e faʻao fakamālohi ʻe he kau sōtia Lomá ʻa e ngaahi koloa mei he ʻū ʻapí hili hono ikunaʻi ʻo e koló.” ʻOku fakafuofua ʻe he kau faihisitōliá ʻa hono fakaʻauha ʻo Selusalema ʻe he kau Lomá ki he taʻu 70 T.S.

Naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe hono vakaiʻí ko e ngaahi huí ko e hui ia ʻo ha fefine ʻi hono taʻu 20 tupú. “ʻI hono maʻu ʻe he velá ʻi he taimi ʻo e ʻoho ʻa e kau Lomá,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e Biblical Archaeology Review, “naʻe hoholo hifo ai ki he falikí ha kiʻi fefine naʻe ʻi he peito ʻo e Fale Velá ʻo ne kakapa ke aʻu ki ha sitepu naʻe ofi ki he matapaá ʻi heʻene maté. Naʻe vave ʻaupito ʻa e mafola ʻa e velá . . . ʻo ʻikai lava ai ke ne hao pea naʻe tanumia ia ʻe he ngaahi toetoenga naʻe nganganá.”

ʻOku fakamanatu mai ʻe he meʻá ni kiate kitautolu ʻa e kikite ʻa Sīsū fekauʻaki mo Selusalemá, ʻa ia naʻe talaki ofi he taʻu ʻe 40 ki muʻa ke hokó: “[Ko] ho ngaahi fili . . . te nau laiki koe mo hoʻo fanau foki; pea ʻe ʻikai te nau fakatoe hao maka ʻo taʻe holoki.”—Luke 19:43, 44.

Ko e ngaahi meʻa kuo ʻilo ʻi he keli fakatotoló ʻa ia ʻoku fakamoʻoni ki he ngaahi fakamatala ʻa e Tohi Tapú ʻoku toe ʻasi ai ʻa e ngaahi hingoa ʻo e faʻahinga tāutaha naʻe lave ki ai ʻi he Tohi Tapú. Ko e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi meʻá ni kuo fakaʻikaiʻi ai ʻa e taukaveʻi ʻe he kau fakaangá ki muʻa ʻo pehē naʻe faʻufaʻu ʻe he kau hiki-tohi ʻo e Tohi Tapú ʻa e faʻahinga ʻe niʻihi pe fakalahiʻi ʻa ʻenau ongoongoá.

Ngaahi Hingoa Fakatohitapu Ne Tohi Tongi

ʻI he taimi ʻe taha, naʻe pehē ai ʻe he kau mataotao tokolahi ne ʻikai ʻi ai ha taha ia ko Tuʻi Sākoni II ʻi ʻAsīlia, ʻa ia ʻoku hā hono hingoá ʻi he Tohi Tapú ʻi he Aisea 20:1. Kae kehe, ʻi he 1843 ofi ki Khorsabad, ʻIulaki he taimi ní ʻi ha tafenga vai ʻo e Vaitafe Taikilisí, naʻe maʻu ai ʻa e palasi ʻo Sākoní [3]. Naʻe feʻunga nai ia mo e ʻeka ʻe 25. ʻI he fakaeʻa ʻo ʻikai kei taʻeʻilo ki ai ʻa e kakaí, ʻoku hoko ai he taimí ni ʻa Sākoni II ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi tuʻi ʻAsīlia ongoongoa tahá. ʻI he taha ʻo hono ngaahi lēkooti fakahisitōliá [4], ʻokú ne pehē ai naʻá ne ikunaʻi ʻa e kolo ʻIsileli ko Samēliá. Fakatatau ki he lau taimi ʻa e Tohi Tapú, naʻe tō ʻa e kau Samēliá ki he kau ʻAsīliá ʻi he 740 K.M. ʻOku toe lēkooti foki ʻe Sākoni ʻa hono ikunaʻi ʻo ʻAsitotí, ʻo toe fakamoʻoniʻi ai ʻa e Aisea 20:1.

Lolotonga hono keli hake ʻa e ngaahi toetoenga ʻo Pāpilone ʻo e kuonga muʻá, ʻi ʻIulaki ʻi onopōní, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe he kau keli fakatotoló ʻa e ngaahi lauʻi maka tohi fuo matatōtao ofi ki he Matapā ʻIsitaá. ʻI he fakamatala ki he vahaʻa taimi ʻo e pule ʻa Tuʻi Nepukanesa ʻo Pāpiloné, ʻoku kau ʻi he ngaahi tohi tongí ha lisi ʻo e ngaahi hingoa, ʻo kau ai ʻa e “Iokini, tuʻi ʻo e fonua ko ʻIahutí.” ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻeni kia Tuʻi Sihoiakini ʻo e fonua ko Siutá, ʻa ia naʻe taki pōpula ki Pāpilone ʻi he taimi ʻo hono ʻuluaki ikunaʻi ʻe Nepukanesa ʻa Selusalema ʻi he 617 K.M. (2 Tuʻi 24:11-15) Ko e toko nima ʻo e ngaahi foha ʻo Sihoiakiní ʻoku toe lave ki ai ʻi he ngaahi lauʻi maká.—1 Kalonikali 3:17, 18.

ʻI he taʻu 2005, lolotonga ʻa e keli ʻi ha feituʻu naʻa nau ʻamanekina ke maʻu ai ʻa e palasi ʻo Tuʻi Tēvitá, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe he kau keli fakatotoló ha fuʻu konga maka ʻo ha fale ʻa ia ʻoku nau tui naʻe fakaʻauha ʻi he taimi naʻe ʻohofi ai ʻa Selusalema ʻe he kau Pāpiloné laka siʻi hake pē ʻi he taʻu ʻe 2,600 kuo maliu atú, lolotonga ʻa e taimi ʻo e palōfita ʻa e ʻOtuá ko Selemaiá. ʻOku ʻikai fakapapauʻi pe ko e konga maká ko ha toetoenga ia ʻo e palasi ʻo Tēvitá. Kae kehe, naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe he tokotaha keli fakatotolo ko Eilat Mazar ha meʻa mahuʻinga makehe—ko ha tohi tongi ʻi ha sila ʻumea [5] senitimita ʻe taha hono fālahí ʻoku pehē ai: “Ko e meʻa ʻa Iehukali ko e foha ʻo Selemiahu ko e foha ʻo Sovi.” Ko e tohi ko ʻení ʻoku mahino naʻe fai ia ʻaki ʻa e sila ʻa Iehukali (ʻoku toe ui ko Sihukali pe Sukali), ko ha ʻōfisa Siu ʻoku lave ki ai ʻi he Tohi Tapú naʻá ne fakafepaki kia Selemaia.—Selemaia 37:3; 38:1-6.

ʻOku pehē ʻe Mazar ko Sihukali ʻa e “minisitā fakatuʻi hono ua,” ʻi he hili pē ʻa Kemalaia, ko e foha ʻo Sāfaní, ʻa ia ko hono hingoá ʻoku hā ia ʻi ha sila naʻe maʻu ʻi he Kolo ʻo Tēvitá. ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he Tohi Tapú ʻa Sihukali, ko e foha ʻo Silimaia (Selemiahu), ko ha pilinisi ia ʻo Siuta. ʻI he ki muʻa ke maʻu ʻa e silá, naʻe ʻikai ke ʻiloʻi ia ʻe he kakai ʻo tuaʻaá tuku kehe pē ʻa e Tohi Tapú.

Naʻa Nau Lava ʻo Lautohi mo Tohi?

ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻi he Tohi Tapú ko e kakai ʻIsileli ʻo e kuonga muʻá ne nau poto he lautohí mo e tohí. (Nomipa 5:23; Siosiua 24:26; Aisea 10:19) Ka ʻoku fakaʻikaiʻi ia ʻe he kau fakaangá, ʻi he fakakikihi ʻo pehē naʻe fakaʻilo lahi mai ʻa e hisitōlia ʻi he Tohi Tapú ʻe he tala ngutu fakaetukufakaholo taʻefalalaʻanga. ʻI he 2005, naʻe fakataʻeʻaongaʻi ai ʻa e fakakaukau ko ʻení ʻi he taimi naʻe maʻu ai ʻe ha kau keli fakatotolo ne nau ngāue ʻi Tel Zayit, ʻi loto-mālie he vahaʻa ʻo Selusalema mo e Metiteleniané, ha ʻalafapeti motuʻa, mahalo ko e ʻalafapeti faka-Hepelū [6] motuʻa taha ia kuo faifai ange pea maʻú, naʻe tongi ʻi ha konga makalahe.

ʻI hono fakafuofua ki he senituli hono hongofulú K.M., ʻoku pehē ʻe he kau mataotao ʻe niʻihi ko e meʻa ko ia kuo maʻú, ʻoku ngalingali ko ha faʻahinga “ako fakaesikalaipe maau,” ko ha “tuʻunga makehe ʻo e anga fakafonuá,” pea ko ha “fokotuʻutuʻu fakapuleʻanga ʻa ʻIsileli naʻe tupulekina vave ʻi Selusalema.” Ko ia ai, ʻi he kehe mei he taukaveʻi ʻa e kau fakaangá, ʻoku hā mai ko e senituli hongofulú K.M. pe ki muʻa ange ai, naʻe poto ʻa e kau ʻIsilelí he lautohí mo e tohí pea ʻoku pau pē ne nau lava ke lēkooti honau hisitōliá.

ʻOmi ʻe he Ngaahi Lēkooti ʻi ʻAsīlia ha Toe Poupou

Ko ʻAsīlia ʻa ia naʻe hoko he taimi ʻe taha ko ha ʻemipaea kāfakafá, ʻoku faʻa ʻasi ia he lēkooti ʻi he Tohi Tapú, pea ko e lahi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa kuo maʻu ʻi he keli fakatotoló he feituʻu ko iá ʻoku fakamoʻoni ia ki he tonu ʻa e Tohi Tapú. Ko e fakatātaá, naʻe maʻu ʻi hano keli hake ha feituʻu ʻi Ninive ʻo e kuonga muʻá, ʻa e kolomuʻa ʻo ʻAsīliá, ha lauʻi maka tā tongitongi [7] ʻi he palasi ʻo Tuʻi Senakalipé, ʻoku tā ai ʻa e kau sōtia ʻAsīliá ʻi heʻenau taki ʻa e kau pōpula Siu ke fakahēʻí hili ʻa e tō ʻa Lākisi ʻi he 732 K.M. ʻE lava ke ke lau ʻa e fakamatala ʻi he Tohi Tapú ʻi he 2 Tuʻi 18:13-15.

Ko e ngaahi lēkooti fakahisitōlia ʻo Senakalipe [8] ʻa ia naʻe maʻu ʻi Ninivé, ʻoku fakamatala ai ki heʻene feingangāue fakakautau lolotonga e pule ʻa e Tuʻi Siuta ko Hesekaiá, ʻa ia ʻoku lave ʻa e fakamatalá ki hono hingoá. Ko e ngaahi lēkooti tohi fuo matatōtao ʻo e kau taki kehé ʻoku lave ai ki he ongo Tuʻi Siuta ko ʻĀhasi mo Manasé, pea pehē ki he ngaahi Tuʻi ʻIsileli ko ʻOmilai, Sehu, Sōasi, Menahemi pea mo Hōsea.

ʻI heʻene ngaahi fakamatalá ʻoku vikia ai ʻe Senakalipe ʻa ʻene ngaahi lavameʻa fakakautaú, ka ko e meʻa fakatupu tokangá, ʻoku ʻikai ha lave ai ʻe taha ki hano ikunaʻi ʻo Selusalema. Ko e tuʻunga fakatupu tokanga ko iá ʻoku tānaki atu ia ki he falalaʻanga ʻa e lēkooti ʻa e Tohi Tapú, ʻa ia ʻoku fakahā ai naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito ke ikunaʻi ʻe he tuʻí ʻa Selusalema ka naʻá ne tofanga pē ʻi hono ikunaʻi ia ʻe he toʻukupu ʻo e ʻOtuá. Hili iá, naʻe foki ai ki Ninive ʻa Senakalipe kuo fakahāeaʻí, ki he feituʻu ʻoku pehē ʻe he Tohi Tapú, naʻe fakapoongi ai ia ʻe hono ngaahi fohá. (Aisea 37:33-38) Ko e meʻa mālié, ʻoku fakamoʻoni ha ongo tohi tongi faka-ʻAsīlia ki he fakapoongi ko iá.

Koeʻuhi ko e fulikivanu ʻa e kakai ʻo Ninivé, naʻe tomuʻa tala ai ʻe he ongo palōfita ʻa e ʻOtuá ko Nēhumi mo Sēfanaia ʻa e fakaʻauha fakaʻaufuli ʻe hoko ki he koló. (Nehumi 1:1; 2:8–3:19; Sefanaia 2:13-15) Naʻe fakahoko ʻa ʻena kikité ʻi he taimi naʻe ʻākoloʻi pea ikunaʻi ai ʻa Ninive ʻi he taʻu 632 K.M. ʻe he kau tau fakatahataha ʻa Napopolasa ko e tuʻi Pāpiloné mo Saiekilesi ʻo Mītiá. Ko hono maʻu mo hono keli hake ʻa hono ngaahi toetoengá ʻoku toe fakamoʻoni ia ki he ngaahi fakamatala ʻi he Tohi Tapú.

Ko Nuzi, ko ha kolo he kuonga muʻá ʻi he fakahahake ʻo e Vaitafe Taikilisí pea ʻi he fakatongahahake ʻo Ninivé, ʻi hono keli ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 1925 mo e 1931, naʻe maʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi ngāue fakameaʻa, ʻo kau ai ʻa e ngaahi lauʻi maka ʻumea ʻe 20,000 nai. ʻI hono hiki ʻi he lea faka-Pāpiloné, ʻoku maʻu ai ha fakamatala fakaikiiki lahi fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi tōʻonga fakalao fakafonua meimei tatau mo e tōʻonga fakafonua ʻa e faʻahinga ʻi he kuonga ʻo e kau pēteliaké ʻa ia ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ʻi he tohi Senesí. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻoku hā ʻi he fakamatalá ko e ngaahi ʻotua fakafāmili, ʻa ia ʻi he taimi lahi ko e fanga kiʻi tamapua ʻumea, naʻe hoko ia ko ha fakaʻilonga fakalao, ʻo ʻoange ai ki he tokotaha haʻaná ʻa e totonu ki ha tofiʻa. ʻOku lava ke fakamatalaʻi ʻe he anga fakafonua ko ʻení ʻa e ʻuhinga naʻe ʻave ai ʻe Lesieli ko e uaifi ʻo e pēteliake ko Sēkopé ʻa e ngaahi ʻotua fakafāmilí, pe “telafimi,” ʻa ʻene tamaí, ʻa Lēpani, ʻi he taimi naʻe hiki ai ʻa e fāmili ʻo Sēkopé. ʻOku lava ke mahino ʻa e ʻuhinga naʻe feinga ai ʻa Lēpani ke fakafoki ʻa e telafimí.—Senesi 31:14-16, 19, 25-35.

Kikite ʻa ʻAiseá pea mo e Silinitā Kōlesí

Ko e tohi tongi fuo matatōtao ʻi he silinitā ʻumea motuʻa ʻoku ʻasi hení ʻoku fakamoʻoni ia ki ha toe fakamatala Fakatohitapu ʻe taha. ʻOku ʻiloa ʻa e fakamatalá ni ko e Silinitā Kōlesí [9], ʻa ia naʻe maʻu ʻi he feituʻu ko Sipa ʻo e kuonga muʻá ʻi he ʻIufaletesí, ʻoku kilomita ʻe 32 nai mei Baghdad. ʻOku fakamatala ai ki he ikunaʻi ʻo Pāpilone ʻe Kōlesi ko e Lahi, ʻa e tokotaha naʻá ne fokotuʻu ʻa e ʻEmipaea Pēsiá. Ko e meʻa fakaofó, ʻi he taʻu ʻe 200 nai ki muʻa aí, naʻe folofola ai ʻa Sihova fakafou ʻi heʻene palōfita ko ʻAiseá ʻo fekauʻaki mo ha tokotaha pule Mītia-Pēsia ko hono hingoá ko Kōlesi: “Ko ʻeku tauhisipi ia, pea te ne fakaai kotoa ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ou loto ki ai: ʻio, heʻene pehe ki Selusalema, ʻE toe langa ia.”—Aisea 13:1, 17-19; 44:26–45:3.

ʻOku fakatupu tokangá, ʻoku lave ʻi he silinitaá ki he lao ʻa Kōlesí—ʻa ia ʻoku kehe ʻaupito ia mei he lao ʻa e kau ikuna he kuonga muʻá—ko hono fakafoki ʻa e kau pōpula naʻe taki pōpula ʻe he pule ki muʻá ki honau fonua tupuʻangá. ʻOku fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe he hisitōlia ʻo e Tohi Tapú mo e māmaní naʻe tuku ange moʻoni ʻe Kōlesi ʻa e kau Siú, ʻa ia naʻa nau toe langa ʻa Selusalema ʻi he taimi ko iá.—2 Kalonikali 36:23; Esela 1:1-4.

Neongo ʻi ha tuʻunga ko e fekumi keli fakatotolo fekauʻaki mo e Tohi Tapú ko ha tafaʻaki saienisi foʻou, kuo hoko ia ko ha malaʻe lahi ʻo e akó ʻa ia kuo fakaeʻa ai ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala mahuʻinga. Pea hangē ko ia kuo tau vakai ki aí, ʻoku fakamoʻoni ʻa e lahi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa kuo maʻu aí ki he alafalalaʻanga mo e tonu ʻa e Tohi Tapú, ʻo aʻu ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ki he fakamatala fakaikiiki ʻaupitó.

KI HA FAKAMATALA LAHI ANGE

ʻE lava ke tokoniʻi koe ʻe he Tohi Tapú ke ke moʻui ʻi ha moʻui fiefia mo mohu taumuʻa? Ko e DVD houa ʻe ua ko e The Bible—A Book of Fact and Prophecy ʻoku kau ai ʻa e tuʻunga-lea mahuʻinga ko ʻení pea ʻoku hā ai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻekeʻeke fakaueʻiloto.—Maʻu ʻi he lea ʻe 32.

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Ngaahi foʻi koiní: Generously Donated by Company for Reconstruction & Development of Jewish Quarter, Jerusalem Old City

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Society for Exploration of Land of Israel and its Antiquities

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3: Musée du Louvre, Paris; 4: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum; 5: Gabi Laron/Institute of Archaeology/Hebrew University © Eilat Mazar

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6: AP Photo/Keith Srakocic; 7, 8: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum

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Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum