Kuo Liliu ʻa e Natula ʻo e Taú

KUO anga-fakamanu maʻu pē ʻa e taú. Kuó ne maumauʻi maʻu pē ʻa e moʻui ʻa e kau sōtiá pea kuó ne ʻomai maʻu pē ʻa e faingataʻa ki he siviliané. Ka ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ki mui ní, kuo liliu ai ʻa e natula ʻo e taú. ʻI he founga fē?

Ko e ngaahi tau ʻo e ʻaho ní ko e meimei ngaahi tau fakalotofonua—ko e ngaahi tau he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi kulupu tangataʻifonua fakafepaki ʻo e fonua tatau. Pea ʻoku faʻa fuoloa ange ʻa e ngaahi tau fakalotofonuá, ʻo ʻai ai ke kafo lahi ange ʻa e kakaí, pea fakaʻauha fakaʻāuliliki ange ai ʻa e ngaahi fonuá ʻi he ngaahi tau ʻoku fai ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi puleʻangá. “Ko e ngaahi tau fakalotofonuá ko e ngaahi ngāue anga-fakamamahi ia mo totoʻia ʻa ia ʻoku iku ki he mate ʻa e laui afe, ngaohikoviʻi fakaefehokotaki fakasino, fakamālohiʻi ke hiki mei hoto fonuá, pea ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi tahá, ko e fakaʻauhamālie fakafaʻahinga,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e faihisitōlia Sipeini ko Julián Casanova. Ko e moʻoni, ʻi he taimi ʻoku fai fakamamahi ai ʻa e kaungāʻapi ki he kaungāʻapí, ʻe fiemaʻu nai ʻa e taimi fuoloa ke faitoʻo ai ʻa e ngaahi kafo fakaeongó.

Talu mei he ngata ʻa e Tau Momokó, kuo ʻi ha tuʻunga siʻisiʻi ʻa e ngaahi tau kuo fai ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi kau tau fakafonuá. “Ko hono fakakātoá naʻe fakalotofonua ia, tuku kehe ʻa e tolu ʻo e ngaahi fepaki fakakautau lahi naʻe lēsisita ki he 1990-​2000,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e Kautaha Stockholm Fakatotolo Melino Fakavahaʻapuleʻangá (SIPRI).

Ko e moʻoni, ko e ngaahi fepaki fakalotofonuá ʻoku hā ngali siʻi ange ʻene fakamanamaná pea ʻoku tukunoaʻi lahi nai ʻe he mītia fakavahaʻapuleʻangá, ka ko e faingataʻaʻia mo e fakaʻauha ʻoku fakatupunga ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga fakafili peheé ʻoku fakatupu ʻauha tatau pē. Kuo mate ʻa e kakai ʻe laui miliona ʻi he ngaahi fepaki fakalotofonuá. Ko hono moʻoní, lolotonga ʻa e hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻe ua fakamuimuí, ko e kakai ʻe meimei toko nima miliona ne mole ʻenau moʻuí ʻi he ngaahi fonua pē ʻe tolu ne haveki ʻe he taú—ko ʻAfikānisitani, Lepupilika Temokalati ʻo Kongó, mo Sutani. ʻI he ʻOtu Palakaná, ko e ngaahi tau anga-kakaha fakafaʻahingá naʻe tāmateʻi ai e moʻui ʻa e meimei kakai ʻe toko 250,000, pea ko e faitau ʻi he tuʻunga tautoitoi lōloa ʻi Kolomupiá kuo mate ai ʻa e toko 100,000.

Ko e anga-fakamanu ʻo e tau fakalotofonuá ʻoku tautefito ʻene hā mahinó ʻi heʻene uesia ʻa e fānaú. Lolotonga ʻa e hongofuluʻi taʻu fakamuimuí, ne mole ai e moʻui ʻa e fānau laka hake he toko ua milioná ʻi he ngaahi fepaki fakalotofonuá, fakatatau ki he lau ʻa e Komisiona Māʻolunga ʻo e Kumi Hūfanga ʻa e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá. Naʻe kafo ha toe toko ono miliona kehe. Ko ha tokolahi fakautuutu ʻo e fānaú kuo akoʻi kinautolu ko e kau sōtia. ʻOku pehē ʻe ha kiʻi leka sōtia: “Naʻa nau akoʻi au. Naʻa nau ʻomai kiate au ha meʻafana. Naʻá ku maʻu ʻa e faitoʻo kona tapú. Naʻá ku tāmateʻi ʻa e siviliané. Tokolahi ʻaupito. Ko e taú pē ia . . . ko ʻeku talangofua pē ki he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuní. Naʻá ku ʻiloʻi naʻe kovi. Naʻe ʻikai ko hoku lotó ia.”

Ko e fānau tokolahi ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻa ia kuo hoko ai ʻa e tau fakalotofonuá ko ha founga ʻo e moʻuí ʻoku nau tutupu hake ʻo ʻikai ʻaupito ʻiloʻi ha melino. ʻOku nau moʻui ʻi ha māmani ʻa ia kuo fakaʻauha ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻapi akó pea ko e talanoá ʻoku fakahoko ia ʻi he ngutu ʻo e meʻafaná. ʻOku pehē ʻe he taʻu 14 ko Dunja: “Kuo tāmateʻi ʻa e kakai tokolahi ʻaupito . . . ʻOku ʻikai kei lava ke ke fanongo ki he hiva ʻa e fanga manupuná, ko e ongo pē ʻo e leʻo e fānau ʻoku tangi koeʻuhí ko ha mole ʻo ha faʻē pe tamai, ko ha tuongaʻane pe tuofefine.”

Ko e Hā ʻa e Ngaahi Tupuʻangá?

Ko e hā ʻokú ne tafunaki ʻa e afi ʻo e ngaahi tau fakalotofonua anga-fakamamahi peheé? Ko e tāufehiʻa fakafaʻahingá mo fakamatakalí, ngaahi faikehekehe fakalotú, fakamaau taʻetotonú, mo e maveuveu fakapolitikalé ko e ngaahi meʻa tefito ʻiloa kotoa ia. Ko e tupuʻanga tefito ʻe taha ko e mānumanú—mānumanu ki he mafaí mo e mānumanu ki he paʻangá. Ko e kau taki fakapolitikalé, ʻi hono faʻa ueʻi ʻe he mānumanú, ʻoku nau langaʻi ʻa e tāufehiʻa ʻa ia ʻokú ne tafunaki ʻa e taú. Ko ha līpooti naʻe pulusi ʻe he SIPRI ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ai ko e faʻahinga tokolahi ʻoku kau ʻi he ngaahi fepaki fakakautaú “ʻoku ueʻi kinautolu ʻe hono maʻu ʻa e tupu fakafoʻituituí.” ʻOku tānaki mai ʻe he līpōtí: “ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻa e mānumanú ʻi he ngaahi founga lahi, mei he fefakatauʻaki taiamoni ʻi he tuʻunga lahi ʻa e kau taki fakakautaú mo e fakapolitikalé ki he kaihaʻa ʻi he tuʻunga fakakoló ʻa ia ʻoku fai ʻe he toʻutupú ʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻafaná.”

Ko e ʻosi ala maʻu ʻo e ngaahi meʻatau maʻamaʻa kae fakatupu maté ʻoku tānaki atu ia ki he tāmate tavalé. Ko e mate nai ʻe 500,000 he taʻu—ʻo e meimei kakai fefiné mo e fānaú—ʻoku tupu ia mei he meʻa ʻoku taku ko e fanga kiʻi meʻatau iiki. ʻI ha fonua ʻAfilika ʻe taha, ko ha laifolo AK-47 ʻe lava ke fakatau mai ia ʻaki ʻa e totongi ʻo ha kiʻi moa. ʻOku fakamamahi ke leaʻaki, ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻe niʻihi ʻoku hoko ai ʻo meimei lahi tatau pē ʻa e ngaahi laifoló mo e tokolahi ʻo e fanga moá. ʻOku fakafuofua ʻoku ʻi māmani lahi he taimí ni ha fanga kiʻi meʻatau iiki mo maʻamaʻa ʻe 500 miliona—ko e 1 ki he toko 12 kotoa pē ʻoku moʻuí.

ʻE hoko ʻa e ngaahi fepaki fakalotofonua fakafilí ko e tafaʻaki makehe ia ʻo e senituli hono 21? ʻE lava ke mapuleʻi ʻa e ngaahi tau fakalotofonuá? ʻE faifai pea tuku e tāmate ʻa e kakaí? ʻE lāulea ʻi he kupu hoko maí ki he ngaahi fehuʻí ni.

[Puha ʻi he peesi 4]

Ko e Totongi Fakamamahi ʻo e Ngaahi Tau Fakalotofonuá

ʻI he ngaahi tau fakalotofonua tuʻunga māʻulalo ʻi he meʻataú kae anga-fakamanú, ko e peseti ʻe 90 ai ʻo e kau kafó ko e kau siviliane kae ʻikai ko e faʻahinga ʻoku kau he taú. “ʻOku hā mahino ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi ko e tāketí ʻa e fānaú, ʻo ʻikai ko e kau kafo fāinoa ʻo e fepaki fakakautaú,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa Graça Machel, ko e Sekelitali-Seniale Mataotao ʻa e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ʻi he Kaunga ʻo e Ngaahi Fepaki Fakakautaú ki he Fānaú.

Kuo hoko ʻa e tohotohó ko ha founga fakakautau ia. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu kuo haveki ʻe he taú, ʻoku tohotohoʻi ai ʻe he kau angatuʻú ʻa e meimei finemui kotoa pē ʻoku maʻu ʻi he ngaahi kolo ʻoku nau ikunaʻí. Ko e taumuʻa ʻa e kau tohotoho ko iá ke fakamafola ʻa e ilifiá pe ke fakaʻauha ʻa e ngaahi haʻi fakafāmilí.

ʻOku hoko atu ʻa e honge mo e mahaki ʻi he hili ʻa e taú. Ko e ikuʻanga ʻo ha tau fakalotofonua ko e siʻi ʻa e ngoue ʻoku tō pea utú, siʻi ʻa e lele ʻa ha ngaahi ngāue fakafaitoʻo ʻo kapau ʻoku ʻi ai, pea siʻi ʻa e tokoni fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻe aʻu ki he kau faingataʻaʻiá. Ko ha fakatotolo ʻe taha ʻo ha tau fakalotofonua ʻi ʻAfilika naʻe fakaeʻa ai ko e peseti ʻe 20 ʻo e kau kafó naʻa nau mate ʻi he mahakí pea ko e peseti ʻe 78 mei he fiekaiá. Ko e peseti pē ʻe 2 naʻe mate ko e ola fakahangatonu ia ʻo e taú.

ʻI hono fakaʻavalisí, ʻi he miniti ʻe 22 kotoa pē ʻoku mole ai ha kauvaʻe ʻo ha taha pe ko ʻene moʻuí ʻi he tuʻu ʻi ha foʻi maina ʻuta. ʻOku fakafuofua ki he foʻi maina ʻuta ʻe 60 miliona ki he 70 miliona ʻoku movete ʻi he fonua laka hake nai he 60.

ʻOku fakamālohiʻi ʻa e kakaí ke nau hola mei honau ngaahi ʻapí. ʻOku ʻi ai takatakai he māmaní he taimí ni ʻa e kau kumi hūfanga mo e kau hola mei honau ʻapí ʻe toko 50 miliona—ko e vaeua ʻo kinautolú ko e fānau.

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 2]

TAKAFÍ: Tamasiʻi: Photo by Chris Hondros/Getty Images

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 3]

Photo by Chris Hondros/Getty Images