Ko e ʻUluaki Tohi Tapu ʻi he Faka-Potukalí​—Ko ha Talanoa ʻo e Kītaki

“KO IA ʻoku kītakí ʻe lavameʻa.” ʻOku hā ʻa e moto ko ʻení ʻi he peesi ʻuluaki ʻo ha pepa fakalotu ʻi he senituli hono 17 naʻe tohi ʻe João Ferreira de Almeida. ʻOku faingataʻa ke fakaʻuta atu ki ha toe fakamatala kehe ʻe feʻungamālie mo ha tangata naʻá ne līʻoa ʻene moʻuí ki hono liliu mo pulusi ʻa e Tohi Tapú ʻi he lea faka-Potukalí.

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Almeida ʻi he 1628 ʻi Torre de Tavares, ko ha kolo ʻi Potukali tokelau. ʻI he paea ʻi heʻene kei siʻí, naʻe tauhi hake ia ʻi he kolomuʻa ʻo Potukalí, ko Lisbon, ʻe ha tehina ʻo ʻene tamaí ʻa ia naʻe mōnike. Koeʻuhi ko e tui talatukufakaholó, lolotonga ʻa e teuteu ki he tuʻunga pātelé, naʻe akoʻi lelei ʻaupito ai ʻa Almeida, ʻa ia naʻe tokoni ia ke ne fakatupulekina ai ʻa e malava makehe ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi leá ʻi heʻene kei siʻí.

Kae kehe, ʻoku ngalingali naʻe ʻikai mei ngāueʻaki ʻe Almeida ʻa hono talēnití ʻi he ngāue ko hono liliu ʻa e Tohi Tapú kapau naʻá ne kei nofo ʻi Potukali. ʻI he lolotonga hono ʻai ʻe he Fakalelei-Lotú ʻo mafolalahia ʻa e Tohi Tapú ʻi ʻIulope tokelau mo ʻIulope lotoloto ʻi he lea fakafonuá, naʻe kei tuʻumaʻu pē ʻa Potukali ʻi he malumalu ʻo e Pule Fefeka ʻa e Katoliká. Ko hono maʻu pē ʻo ha Tohi Tapu ʻi he lea fakafonuá, naʻe lava ke iku ai ki hono ʻave ʻo ha taha ki ha fakamaauʻanga fakaʻekeʻeke fefeka.a

ʻI he ueʻi nai ia ʻe he holi ke hao mei he ʻātakai puleʻi fefeka ko ʻení, naʻe hiki ai ʻa Almeida ki Netaleni lolotonga ʻene kei taʻu hongofulu tupu siʻí. Taimi nounou mei ai ʻi heʻene taʻu 14 pē, naʻá ne kamata folau ai ki ʻĒsia, ʻo fou ʻi Batavia (Jakarta he taimí ni) ʻi ʻInitonīsia ʻa ia ko e senitā ia ʻi he taimi ko iá ʻo e pule ʻa Hōlaní ʻi ʻĒsia Tonga-Hahake.

Tokotaha Liliu-Lea Taʻu Hongofulu Tupu

ʻI he fakaʻosiʻosi ʻa ʻene folau ki ʻĒsiá, naʻe aʻusia ai ʻe Almeida ha liliu lahi ʻi heʻene moʻuí. ʻI he folau mei Batavia ki Malacca (Melaka he taimí ni) ʻi Malēsia Hihifo naʻá ne maʻu ai ha pepa ʻa e Palotisaní ʻi he faka-Sipeiní ʻa ia naʻe fakakaveinga ko e Diferencias de la Cristiandad (Ko e Ngaahi Faikehekehe ʻi he Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiané). Tānaki atu ki hono fakaangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tokāteline fakalotu loí, naʻe hā ʻi he pepá ha fakamatala ʻa ia naʻe tautefito ʻene maongo ki he talavou ko Almeida: “Ko hono ngāueʻaki ʻi fale lotu ha lea ʻoku ʻikai ʻiloʻi, neongo ko hono faí maʻá e lāngilangi ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻoku ʻikai haʻane ʻaonga ʻe taha ki he tokotaha fanongo ʻoku ʻikai te ne mahinoʻí.”—1 Kolinito 14:9.

Ko e fakamulitukú naʻe mahino lelei kia Almeida: Ko e kī ki hono fakaeʻa ʻo e hala fakalotú ko e ʻai ʻa e Tohi Tapú ke ala mahinoʻi ʻe he tokotaha kotoa. ʻI heʻene aʻu ki Malacca, naʻá ne tafoki ai ki he siasi Fakalelei ʻa Hōlaní pea ʻikai tuai mei ai naʻá ne kamata liliu ʻa e ngaahi konga ʻo e Ngaahi Kōsipelí mei he lea faka-Sipeiní ki he faka-Potukalí, ʻo tufaki ki he “faʻahinga naʻa nau fakahāhā ʻa e holi loto-moʻoni ke ʻilo ki he moʻoní.”b

ʻI he taʻu ʻe ua ki mui ai, naʻe mateuteu ai ʻa Almeida ki ha ngāue kāfakafa ange—ko hono liliu ʻa e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiané kotoa mei he Vulgate faka-Latiná. Naʻá ne fakakakato ʻeni siʻi hifo he taʻu ʻe taha, ʻa ia ko ha lavameʻa fakaofo ke aʻusia ʻe ha kiʻi taʻu 16! ʻI he loto-toʻá, naʻá ne ʻave ai ha tatau ʻo ʻene liliú ki he kōvana pule Hōlani ʻi Batavia ke pulusi. ʻOku hangehangē naʻe ʻave ʻe he Siasi Fakalelei ʻi Batavia ʻa ʻene maniusikilipí ki Amsterdam, ka ko e faifekau taʻumotuʻa naʻe ʻoange ki aí naʻe mate ia, pea puli ai ʻa e ngāue ʻa Almeida.

ʻI hono kole ange ke ʻai ha tatau ʻo ʻene liliú maʻá e potu siasi Fakalelei ʻi Sīloní (Suli Langikā he taimí ni) ʻi he 1651, naʻe fakatokangaʻi ai ʻe Almeida kuo mole ʻa e muʻaki liliú mei he tauhiʻanga tohi ʻa e siasí. ʻI he ʻikai loto-siʻí, naʻe faifai ʻo ne maʻu ha tatau—mahalo ko ha tatau ki muʻa—pea naʻá ne fakakakato ha liliu kuo fakaleleiʻi ʻo e Ngaahi Kōsipelí mo e tohi ʻa Ngāué ʻi he taʻu hono hokó. Naʻe fakapaleʻi ia ʻe he fakatahac ʻi Batavia ʻaki ʻa e paʻanga Netaleni ʻe 30. Ko ha “kiʻi paʻanga siʻisiʻi ia ʻi hono fakahoa atu ki he ngāue kāfakafa naʻá ne fakahokó,” ko e tohi ia ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi kaungāngāue ʻo Almeida.

Neongo ʻa e ʻikai loko fakamahuʻingaʻi ko ʻení, naʻe tutui atu ʻa Almeida ʻi heʻene ngāué, ʻo ʻoatu ʻa ʻene liliu kuo ʻosi fakaleleiʻi ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú kātoa ʻi he 1654. Naʻe toe fai ai hono fakakaukauʻi ʻa e malava ke pulusí, ka naʻe ʻikai ha meʻa papau naʻe fai ka ko hono hiki tatau pē ʻa e ngaahi tatau siʻisiʻi ke ngāueʻaki ʻi he niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi siasí.

Fakahalaiaʻi ʻAki ʻa e Fakaʻekeʻeke Fefeka

ʻI he hongofuluʻi taʻu hono hokó, naʻe femoʻuekina ai ʻa Almeida ʻi he ngāue fakafaifekau mo e ngāue fakamisinale maʻá e Siasi Fakaleleí. Naʻe fakanofo ia ʻi he 1656 peá ne ʻuluaki ngāué ʻi Sīloni, ʻa ia naʻe meimei moloki ai ia ʻe ha ʻelefānite, peá ne ngāue ki mui ai ʻi ʻInitia, ko e taha ʻo e ʻuluaki kau misinale Palotisani ke ʻaʻahi ki he fonua ko iá.

Ko Almeida ko ha tokotaha ului Palotisani ia naʻá ne ngāue he malumalu ʻo ha fonua muli. Ko ia ai, naʻe vakai kiate ia ʻa e tokolahi ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lea faka-Potukali naʻá ne ʻaʻahi ki aí ko ha tokotaha tafoki mo ha lavaki. Ko ʻene fakahalaki fakahangatonu ʻa e kākā fakaeʻulungāanga ʻi he haʻohaʻonga ʻo e haʻa faifekaú mo ʻene fakaeʻa ʻa e tokāteline ʻa e siasí naʻe iku foki ia ki he ngaahi fepaki hokohoko mo e kau misinale Katoliká. Naʻe aʻu ʻa e ngaahi fepaki ko ʻení ki hono tumutumú ʻi he 1661 ʻi hono hanga ʻe ha fakamaauʻanga fefeka ʻi Goa, ʻInitia ʻo tautea mate ʻa Almeida koeʻuhí ko e tui hē. ʻI heʻene mavahe mei aí, naʻe ʻai hano ʻīmisi ʻo tutu. ʻI he ʻohovale nai ʻi he founga fakakikihi ʻa Almeida, naʻe toe ui ia ʻe he kōvana pule ʻo Hōlaní ki Batavia ʻi he hili pē iá.

Ko ha misinale faivelenga ʻa Almeida, ka naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito ngalo ʻiate ia ʻa e fiemaʻu ʻo ha Tohi Tapu faka-Potukalí. Ko hono moʻoní, ko e ngaahi ola ʻo e ʻikai ke fuʻu maheni mo e Tohi Tapú—ʻa ia naʻe maeʻeeʻa ʻaupito fakatouʻosi ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e haʻa faifekaú mo e kakai lotú—naʻá ne ʻai pē ai ke mālohi ʻa ʻene fakapapaú. ʻI he talateu ʻo ha tuleki fakalotu ʻi he 1668, naʻe talaki ai ʻe Almeida ki heʻene kau lautohí: “ʻOku ou loto . . . ke ʻoatu maʻa moutolu ʻo ʻikai fuoloa mei heni ʻa e Tohi Tapú kakato ʻi hoʻomou leá tonu, ʻa e meʻaʻofa lelei taha mo e koloa mahuʻinga taha kuo teʻeki ʻoatu ʻe ha taha.”

Fepaki ʻa Almeida mo e Kōmiti Siví

ʻI he 1676, naʻe ʻoatu ai ʻe Almeida ʻa ʻene tatau fakaʻosi ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú ki he kulupu pule ʻo e siasi ʻi Batavia ke nau siviʻi. ʻI he kamatá, naʻe ʻikai lelei ʻa e vā ʻo Almeida mo e kau siví. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e faipiokālafi ko J. L. Swellengrebel ʻo pehē naʻe faingataʻa nai ki he ngaahi kaungāngāue lea faka-Hōlani ʻo Almeida ke nau mahinoʻi ʻa e fanga kiʻi faikehekehe ʻe niʻihi ʻi he ʻuhingá mo e sitailá. Naʻe toe ʻi ai mo e fekīhiaki ʻo fekauʻaki mo e filifili ʻo e leá. ʻE totonu ke ngāueʻaki ʻe he Tohi Tapú ʻa e lea faka-Potukali naʻe leaʻaki fakalotofonuá pe ko ha lea faka-Potukali kuo fakaleleiʻi siʻi ʻa ia ʻe faingataʻa nai ki he tokolahi ke nau mahinoʻi? ʻIo, ko e faivelenga ʻa Almeida ke fakakakato ʻa e ngāué naʻe hoko ia ko ha tupuʻanga ʻo e fepaki hokohoko.

Naʻe māmālie ʻaupito ʻa e laka ki muʻa ʻa e ngāué, mahalo pē koeʻuhí ko e taʻefelotoi pe ʻikai loko mahuʻingaʻia ʻa e kau siví. ʻI he taʻu ʻe fā ki mui ai, naʻe kei fakakikihi pē ʻa e kau siví ʻi he ngaahi ʻuluaki vahe ʻo e tohi Luké. ʻI he ongoʻi feifeitamaki ʻi he tautoloi ko ʻení, naʻe ʻave ai ʻe Almeida ʻa e tatau ʻo ʻene maniusikilipí ki Netaleni ke pulusi ʻo ʻikai ʻilo ki ai ʻa e kau siví.

Neongo ʻa e ngaahi feinga ʻa e kulupu pulé ke taʻofi ʻa hono pulusí, naʻe pulusi ʻa ʻene Fuakava Foʻoú ʻi Amsterdam ʻi he 1681, pea naʻe aʻu ki Batavia ʻa hono ngaahi fuofua tataú ʻi he taʻu hono hokó. Fakaʻuta atu ki he loto-mamahi kuo pau naʻe ʻi ai ʻa Almeida ʻi heʻene ʻiloʻi naʻe mioʻi ʻa ʻene liliú ʻe he kau sivi ʻi Netalení! Koeʻuhí ko e ʻikai ke maheni ʻa e kau siví mo e lea faka-Potukalí, naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe Almeida naʻa nau fakahū ʻa e “ngaahi liliu taʻefakanatula mo fepakipaki ʻa ia kuó ne fakaʻuliʻulilātaiʻi ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻo e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní.”

Naʻe toe taʻefiemālie foki mo e puleʻanga Hōlaní, pea naʻa nau tuʻutuʻuni ai ke fakaʻauha ʻa e kotoa ʻo e pulusingá. Ka neongo ia, naʻe fakalotoʻi ʻe Almeida ʻa e puleʻangá ke fakahaofi ha ngaahi tatau siʻi ʻi he ʻuhinga ko e ngaahi hala lalahí ʻe fakatonutonu nima ia. Ko e ngaahi tatau ko ʻení ʻe ngāueʻaki ia kae ʻoleva ke teuteu ha tatau kuo fakaleleiʻi.

Naʻe toe fakatahataha ʻa e kau siví ʻi Batavia ke hoko atu ʻenau ngāue ki he Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiané mo kamata ngāue ki he ngaahi tohi ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Hepeluú ʻi hono fakakakato kinautolu ʻe Almeida. ʻI he manavasiʻi naʻa ʻikai lava ʻo mapuleʻi ʻa e taʻefaʻalava ke tali ʻa Almeida, naʻe fili ai ʻa e kulupu pulé ke tauhi ʻa e ngaahi peesi ʻo e tatau fakaʻosí ʻa ia kuo fai ai ʻa e fakamoʻoni hingoá ʻi he seifi ʻa e siasí. Ko e moʻoni, naʻe fehuʻia ʻe Almeida ʻa e fili ne nau faí.

ʻI he taimi ko ʻení, naʻe uesia kovi ʻe he ngāue mālohi ʻi he ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu mo e faingataʻa ʻo e moʻui ʻi he ʻea māfaná ʻa ʻene moʻuí. ʻI he 1689, ʻi he fakakaukau ki he tōlalo ʻene moʻuí, naʻe mālōlō mai ai ʻa Almeida mei he ngaahi ngāue ʻa e siasí ke ne hangataha pē ki hono liliu ʻa e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Hepeluú. Ko e meʻa fakamamahí, naʻá ne mālōlō ʻi he 1691 lolotonga ʻene ngāue ki he vahe fakaʻosi ʻo e tohi Isikelí.

Ko e pulusinga hono ua ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú, ʻa ia naʻe fakaʻosi ki muʻa siʻi peá ne mālōloó, naʻe pulusi ia ʻi he 1693. Neongo ia, ʻoku hā ngali naʻe toe fakameleʻi ʻe he kau sivi masiva potó ʻa ʻene ngāué. ʻI heʻene tohi ko e A Biblia em Portugal (Ko e Tohi Tapú ʻi he faka-Potukalí), ʻoku pehē ai ʻe G. L. Santos Ferreira: “Ko e kau siví . . . naʻa nau fai ʻa e ngaahi liliu lahi ki he ngāue fisifisimuʻa ʻa Almeida, ʻo maumauʻi mo fakameleʻi ʻa e fakaʻofoʻofa ʻo e muʻaki liliú ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai ala ki ai ʻa e kau sivi ʻo e ʻuluaki pulusingá.”

Fakaʻosi ʻo e Tohi Tapu Faka-Potukalí

ʻI he mālōlō ʻa Almeida, naʻe mōlia atu ai ʻa e foʻi mālohi naʻe teke mui ʻi hono siviʻi mo hono pulusi ʻa e Tohi Tapu faka-Potukalí ʻi Batavia. Ko e Sōsaieti ʻi Lonitoni ki hono Pouaki ʻa e ʻIlo Faka-Kalisitiané naʻá ne fakapaʻanga ʻa e pulusinga hono tolu ʻo e Fuakava Foʻou ʻa Almeida ʻi he 1711 ʻi hono kole ʻe he kau misinale Tenimaʻake ne nau ngāue ʻi Tranquebar ʻi he fakatonga ʻo ʻInitiá.

Naʻe fili ʻa e sōsaietí ke fokotuʻutuʻu ha ngāue fakaepulusi ʻi Tranquebar. Kae kehe, ʻi he huʻu ki ʻInitiá, ko e vaka naʻe fakafolau ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻangāue pulusí mo e uta ko e ngaahi Tohi Tapu faka-Potukali, naʻe maʻu ia ʻe he kau kaihaʻa vaka fakamālohi Falanisē pea iku ʻo liʻaki ʻi he taulanga ko Rio de Janerio ʻi Pelēsila. ʻOku tohi ʻe Santos Ferreira: “ʻI ha ʻuhinga taʻealalava ke fai ha tui ki ai mo e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻa ia naʻe vakai nai ki ai ʻa e tokolahi ko ha mana, ko e ngaahi puha naʻe faʻo ai ʻa e ngaahi naunau pulusí naʻe maʻu atu ʻoku kei malu pē ʻi lalo ʻi he feituʻu tukuʻanga utá pea naʻe hokohoko atu ai pē hono fakafolaú ʻi he vaka tatau ki Tranquebar.” Naʻe siviʻi fakalelei ia ʻe he kau misinale Tenimaʻaké pea pulusi ʻa e liliu ʻa Almeida ʻo e ngaahi tohi naʻe toe ʻi he Tohi Tapú. Ko e voliume fakaʻosi ʻo e Tohi Tapú ʻi he faka-Potukalí naʻe pulusi ia ʻi he 1751, ʻa ia ko ha meimei taʻu ia ʻe 110 ʻi he hili ʻa e kamata ngāue ʻa Almeida ko ha tokotaha liliu Tohi Tapú.

Ko ha Meʻaʻofa Tuʻuloa

Mei heʻene kei siʻí, naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe Almeida ʻa e fiemaʻu ki ha Tohi Tapu faka-Potukali kae lava ke ʻiloʻi ʻe he kakai lāuvalé ʻa e moʻoní ʻi heʻenau leá tonu. Naʻá ne tulitāupau loto-fakapapauʻi ki he taumuʻa ko iá ʻi he kotoa ʻene moʻuí, neongo ʻa e fakafepaki ʻa e Siasi Katoliká, taʻemahuʻingaʻia ʻa hono toʻumeʻá, ngaahi palopalema hā ngali ʻikai ʻosi ʻi hono siviʻi ʻene liliú mo e fakaʻau ke toe kovi ange ʻa ʻene tuʻunga moʻui leleí. Naʻe fakapaleʻi ʻa ʻene kītakí.

Ko e ngaahi feituʻu lea faka-Potukali lahi naʻe malanga ki ai ʻa Almeida kuo fakaʻaʻau ke tokosiʻi ange pea puli atu, ka kuo tolonga mai ʻa ʻene Tohi Tapú. Lolotonga ʻa e senituli hono 19, naʻe tufaki ai ʻe he Sōsaieti Tohi Tapu Pilitānia mo e Lea Mulí pea mo e Sōsaieti Tohi Tapu ʻAmeliká ʻa e tatau ʻe laui afe ʻo e liliu ʻa Almeida ʻi Potukali pea ʻi he ngaahi kolo ofi ki tahi ʻo Pelēsilá. Ko hono olá, ko e ngaahi Tohi Tapu naʻe liliu mei heʻene muʻaki liliú ʻoku kau ia he ʻahó ni ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi Tohi Tapu manakoa mo tufaki lahi taha ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lea faka-Potukalí.

ʻOku ʻikai ha veiveiua, ko e tokolahi ʻoku nau moʻuaʻaki ʻa e houngaʻia ki he kau muʻaki liliu Tohi Tapú ʻo hangē ko Almeida. Ka ʻoku totonu ke tau toe fakamālō lahi ange kia Sihova, ʻa e ʻOtua ʻo e fetuʻutakí, ʻa ia “ʻoku ne finangalo ke maʻu moʻui ʻe he kakai kotoa pe, pea ke nau aʻusia ʻa e ʻilo kanokano ki he moʻoni.” (Fakaʻītali ʻamautolu; 1 Timote 2:​3, 4) Mahulu hake aí, ko ia ʻa e Tokotaha kuó ne fakatolonga mai ʻene Folofolá pea ʻai ke ala maʻu ʻo tau maʻu ʻaonga mei ai. ʻOfa ke tau koloaʻaki mo ako tōtōivi maʻu pē ʻa e “koloa mahuʻinga taha” ko ʻeni mei heʻetau tamai Fakahēvaní.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 21]

KO E HUAFA FAKAʻOTUÁ

Ko e faʻifaʻitakiʻanga ʻoku taau ke fakatokangaʻi ʻi he anga-tonu ʻa Almeida ʻi hono tuʻunga ko ha tokotaha liliu leá ko ʻene ngāueʻaki ʻa e hingoa fakaʻotuá ʻi hono liliu ʻa e Tetakalamatoni faka-Hepeluú.

[Maʻuʻanga Tā]

Cortesia da Biblioteca da Igreja de Santa Catarina (Igreja dos Paulistas)

[Mape ʻi he peesi 18]

(Ki he konga tohi kuo fokotuʻu kakató, sio ki he tohi)

ʻŌSENI ʻATALANITIKÍ

POTUKALI

Lisbon

Torre de Tavares

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]

Batavia lolotonga ʻa e senituli hono 17

[Maʻuʻanga Tā]

Mei he Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën, Franciscus Valentijn, 1724

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18, 19]

Ko e peesi ʻuluaki ʻo e ʻuluaki Fuakava Foʻou ʻi he faka-Potukalí, naʻe pulusi ʻi he 1681

[Maʻuʻanga Tā]

Courtesy Biblioteca Nacional, Portugal