Kalenda Bilong Ol Juda i Stret o Olsem Wanem?
KALENDA bilong ol Juda i makim Fonde, Septemba 16, 1993, em i bikpela de ol i kolim Ros Hasana. Bipo em i de bilong winim biugel na makim nupela yia i laik kirap. Ol Juda i tok, nau yumi stap long yia 5754 (kirap long Septemba 16, 1993, i go inap long Septemba 5, 1994).
Yumi lukim kalenda bilong ol em i narapela kain inap 3,760 yia long kalenda bilong yumi planti man (kalenda bilong Gregori). Bilong wanem i olsem? Kalenda bilong ol Juda i stret o olsem wanem?
Makim Yia Bilong Kirap Long Kaunim
Sapos yumi laik kaunim ol yia, i mas i gat yia bilong kirap long kaunim. Ol misin i makim yia ol i ting Maria i bin karim Jisas i olsem yia bilong kirap long kaunim. Ol yia i kamap bihain long dispela yia ol i kolim olsem taim bilong ol Kristen, o ol Yia Bilong Bikpela, olsem A.D. (tok Rom, anno Domini). Ol yia paslain long dispela, ol i kolim B.C., olsem paslain long Krais.a Sampela Saina i bihainim pasin bilong ol tumbuna na kaunim ol yia kirap long yia 2698 B.C.E., em yia ol i tok Huang-Ti (Yelopela King) i kamap king. Olsem na Februeri 10, 1994, em i kirap bilong yia 4692 (yia bilong mun) long kalenda bilong ol Saina. Orait, olsem wanem long kalenda bilong ol Juda?
Wanpela bikpela buk bilong ol Juda i tok: “Bilong makim ol yia ol samting i bin kamap, ol Juda i save kaunim ol yia i kam antap kirap long taim God i bin wokim graun.” (The Jewish Encyclopedia) Ol Juda i kolim ol dispela yia olsem “Taim Bilong Wokim Ol Samting.” Ol i kirap bihainim dispela pasin bilong kaunim ol yia long yia 850 samting (C.E.). Olsem na paslain long namba bilong yia, ol i raitim A.M. (tok Rom, anno mundi, em sotpela pasin bilong raitim ab creatione mundi), em olsem ‘kirap long taim God i wokim graun.’ Ol Juda i tok, “God i wokim graun” 5,753 yia bipo, olsem na nau yumi stap long yia A.M. 5754. I gat wanem as na ol i tok olsem? Orait, nau yumi ken skelim.
“Taim Bilong Wokim Ol Samting”
Wanpela buk bilong ol Juda i stori olsem: “Ol pris Juda i skelim ol yia na ol i tok, mun Oktoba samting bilong wanpela yia namel long yia 3762 na 3758 B.C.E. em kirap bilong ‘Taim Bilong Wokim Ol Samting.’ Tasol bihain long yia 1100 C.E., ol i tok dispela taim i kirap long yia 3761 B.C.E. (long Oktoba 7 bilong dispela yia). Ol i skelim ol yia olsem Baibel na ol olpela buk bilong ol Juda i makim, em ol buk i kamap bihain long Baibel, na ol i tok olsem.”—Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1971.
Tingting bilong ol pris Juda yet long tok bilong Baibel i as bilong dispela pasin bilong kaunim ol yia kirap long taim “God i wokim graun.” Ol saveman bilong lotu Juda na ol misin i gat nem Kristen, ol i ting dispela graun na olgeta samting long en i bin kamap insait long 6-pela de bilong 24 aua, olsem na ol i ting long yia God i bin wokim graun, long dispela yia yet em i bin wokim namba wan man Adam. Tasol dispela i no stret.
Namba wan tok bilong Stat sapta 1 long Baibel i tok: “Bipo bipo tru God i mekim kamap skai na graun.” Long dispela taim graun “i stap nating,” na bihain sapta i stori long ol samting God i mekim long 6-pela “de” bilong redim graun bambai ol man i ken i stap long en. (Stat 1:1, 2) Namel long taim God i wokim graun na em i redim graun bilong ol man, ating planti milion yia i bin lus. Na ol dispela “de” i no de bilong 24 aua; God i no gat mak olsem long “de” bilong em bilong mekim wok. Long tok Hibru, Stat 2:4 i bungim olgeta dispela “de” na kolim olsem wanpela “de,” olsem na yumi save dispela tok “de” inap makim bikpela hap taim, winim 24 aua. Taim God i wokim Adam long de namba 6, em planti tausen yia bihain long taim em i kirap long redim graun long de namba wan. Olsem na ol man i ting God i wokim Adam long wankain taim olsem em i wokim skai na graun, tingting bilong ol i no stret long Baibel o save bilong ol man bilong saiens. Tasol olsem wanem ol i kisim tingting olsem “Taim Bilong Wokim Ol Samting” em i kirap long yia 3761 B.C.E.?
As Bilong Kalenda
Sori tru, planti buk i stori long pasin bilong ol Juda bilong bipo long skelim ol yia, ol i no i stap moa. Tasol wanpela i stap yet, pastaim ol i kolim Seder ʽOlam. Ol i ting Yose ben Halafta i bin raitim dispela buk long yia 150 C.E. samting, em i wanpela saveman bilong lotu Juda. (Bihain ol i kolim dispela buk Seder ʽOlam Rabbah bilong makim em i narapela long buk Seder ʽOlam Zuṭa i kamap bihain long yia 500.) Buk Seder ʽOlam i stori long ol yia ol samting i bin kamap long taim bilong Adam i kam inap long yia 132 C.E., em taim ol Juda i bihainim Mesaia giaman, nem bilong em Bakokba, na ol i pait long ol Rom. Tasol man bilong raitim stori em i bin kisim save long en olsem wanem?
Yose ben Halafta i wok long bihainim stori bilong Baibel, tasol taim Baibel i no makim klia yia bilong samting i bin kamap, em i kamapim tingting bilong em yet. Bikpela buk bilong ol Juda i tok: “Planti taim . . . em i kolim ol yia olsem ol stori nating bilong ol tumbuna i kolim, na em i kamapim ol tok na tingting bilong ol pris Juda bilong bipo na ol man i stap long taim bilong em.” (The Jewish Encyclopedia) Sampela buk i daunim em tru. Wanpela i tok: “Em i kirap long kaunim ol yia long Taim Bilong Wokim Ol Samting, na em i kolim nating ol yia bilong sampela samting bilong ol Juda i bin kamap long taim bilong namba wan man Adam i kam inap long taim bilong King Aleksander; no gat as bilong tok bilong em.” (The Book of Jewish Knowledge) Ol dispela tok na tingting nating i mekim wanem long kalenda bilong ol Juda? Orait, yumi ken skelim.
Ol Stori na Tingting Nating
Yose ben Halafta i bihainim stori nating bilong ol pris Juda bilong bipo na em i tok, namba 2 tempel long Jerusalem i bin i stap inap 420 yia. Em i bihainim tingting bilong ol pris long tok profet bilong Daniel long “70 taims 7-pela yia” (490 yia) na em i tok olsem. (Daniel 9:24) Ol i ting dispela hap taim bilong 490 yia i kamap namel long taim namba wan na namba 2 tempel i bagarap. Ol Juda i kalabus long Babilon inap 70 yia, olsem na Yose ben Halafta i rausim 70 yia long dispela 490 yia na em i tok namba 2 tempel i bin i stap 420 yia.
Tasol dispela tok i no stret, long wanem, ol man i save tru long yia bilong Babilon i bagarap (539 B.C.E.) na namba 2 tempel i bagarap (70 C.E.), olsem na namba 2 tempel i bin i stap 606 yia, i no 420 yia, na kalenda bilong ol Juda i sot inap 186 yia.
Tok profet bilong Daniel i no bilong makim hamas yia tempel long Jerusalem bai stap; em i makim taim bilong Mesaia bai kam. Daniel i tok klia olsem: “Stat long taim dispela tok i kamap bilong wokim gen Jerusalem, 7 taims 7-pela yia na 62 taims 7-pela yia i mas pinis pastaim, orait na dispela bikman God i bin makim [Mesaia], em bai i kamap.” (Lukim sta daunbilo bilong Daniel 9:25.) Ol Juda i wokim as bilong tempel long namba 2 yia bihain long taim ol i lusim Babilon na kam bek (536 B.C.E.), tasol “dispela tok” bilong wokim gen Jerusalem i kamap long “namba 20 yia bilong Artaserksis i stap king.” (Nehemia 1:1; 2:1-8) Ol buk bilong graun i stori stret long ol samting bilong bipo ol i makim dispela yia em yia 455 B.C.E. Sapos yumi bungim “7 taims 7-pela yia” na “62 taims 7-pela yia” (483 yia) na kaunim i kam antap, yumi kamap long yia 29 C.E. Long dispela yia Jisas i kisim baptais na kamap Mesaia.b
Tingting bilong ol pris Juda long yia mama i bin karim Abraham, dispela tu i paulim kalenda bilong ol Juda. Ol i bungim yia bilong ol man olsem Stat 11:10-26 i kolim na ol i tok, kirap long taim bilong Tait i kam inap long taim mama i karim Abraham (Abram) em 292 yia. Tasol tingting bilong ol long Gen 11 ves 26 i kranki, em i tok: “Tera i gat 70 krismas na em i kamap papa bilong Abram na Nahor na Haran.” Ol i ting Abram i kamap long taim Tera i gat 70 krismas stret. Tasol dispela ves i makim olsem taim Tera i gat 70 krismas pinis, bihain em i kamapim 3-pela pikinini man.
Bilong save Tera i gat hamas krismas tru taim Abraham i kamap, yumi ken kaunim stori bilong Baibel. Stat 11:32–12:4 i tok, taim Tera i gat 205 krismas em i dai, na Abraham wantaim lain bilong em i bihainim tok bilong Jehova na lusim Haran. Long dispela taim Abraham i gat 75 krismas. Olsem na em i kamap long taim Tera i gat 130 krismas, i no 70 krismas. Na kirap long taim bilong Tait i kam inap long Abraham em 352 yia, i no 292 yia. Olsem na long dispela samting, kalenda bilong ol Juda i kranki inap 60 yia.
Olpela Samting Bilong Lotu
Buk Seder ‘Olam Rabbah na ol narapela buk Juda i makim ol yia ol samting i bin kamap ol i kranki, na dispela i mekim ol saveman bilong lotu Juda i sem na mekim planti toktok na askim long en. Ol i wok long stretim tok bilong ol dispela buk wantaim stori tru bilong ol samting i bin kamap, tasol ol i no inap stretim gut. Bilong wanem ol i no inap mekim? Wanpela buk i tok: “Ol i no tingting long kisim stretpela save; ol i tingting long helpim lotu.” Na buk i tok: “Ol i laik strongim stori bilong ol tumbuna, long wanem, sampela i sutim tok long en.” (Encyclopaedia Judaica) Stori bilong ol tumbuna i paulim tingting bilong ol, tasol sampela saveman bilong lotu Juda i no laik stretim dispela; ol i laik tok, stori bilong Baibel i no stret. Na sampela i wok long painim tok long ol stori nating bilong ol Babilon, na ol Isip, na ol Hindu, bilong helpim stori bilong ol.
Olsem na ol man bilong stori long ol samting i bin kamap long bipo, ol i no bilip moa long kalenda bilong “Taim Bilong Wokim Ol Samting.” Planti saveman bilong lotu Juda tu i no bilip long en, na ol bikpela buk bilong ol Juda (The Jewish Encyclopedia na Encyclopaedia Judaica) i daunim tok bilong en. Ol Juda i kaunim ol yia kirap long taim God i wokim graun, tasol dispela kalenda bilong ol i no stret sapos yumi skelim wantaim Baibel, em i stori long taim God i makim bilong ol samting i mas kamap.
[Ol Futnot]
a Tok bilong Baibel na stori bilong bipo i makim yia 2 B.C.E. em i yia Maria i bin karim Jisas. Olsem na bilong makim stret ol yia, sampela i kolim ol yia kirap long taim bilong Krais na i kam inap long nau olsem C.E., na ol yia paslain long Krais, ol i kolim B.C.E. Ol buk na nius bilong Sosaiti Was Taua i bihainim dispela pasin.
b Bilong kisim sampela save moa, lukim Wastaua bilong Oktoba 1, 1992, pes 11, par. 8-11.