Asetra Pa a Wɔhwehwɛ
“Bere a na wɔrenya nkɔanim wɔ afeha aduonu yi mu no, nyansahu ne mfiridwuma mu nkɔso . . . maa nnipa pii asetra sesae.”—The Oxford History of the Twentieth Century.
NSAKRAE akɛse a yɛahu wɔ afeha yi mu biako ne nnipa a wɔredɔɔso. Afeha biara mu nnipa nnɔɔso wɔ wiase saa pɛn. Nnipa a wɔwɔ wiase no dodow duu ɔpepepem biako wɔ 1800 mfe no mu na ebeduu 1900 mu no, wɔn dodow no duu bɛyɛ ɔpepepem 1.6. Wɔ 1999 mu no, nnipa a wɔwɔ wiase no dodow duu ɔpepepem asia! Na saa nnipadɔm a wɔredɔɔso yi mu fã kɛse no ara hwehwɛ sɛ wobenya asetra pa.
Nkɔso a aba wɔ nnuruyɛ ne nneɛma a wɔde bɔ akwahosan ho ban mu na ama nnipa no dodow adɔɔso saa. Wɔ mmeae te sɛ Australia, Germany, Japan, ne United States no nkurɔfo nkwa nna nyaa nkɔanim fi mfe 50 wɔ afeha yi mfiase—na mprempren wotumi di boro mfe 70. Nanso, ɛnyɛ baabiara na afoforo tumi nyin kyɛ saa. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, aman 25 wɔ hɔ a nnipa a wɔwɔ mu no anyin akyɛ ara ne mfe 50 anaa nea ennu saa.
‘Na W’asetra Te Dɛn . . . ?’
Ɛtɔ da a, mmerante ne mmabaa ntumi nhu ɔkwan a wɔn nananom faa so traa ase bere a na wonni wimhyɛn, kɔmputa, ne television—nneɛma a abu so nnɛ na wobu no sɛ ade a ɛsɛ sɛ obiara nya bi wɔ aman a wodi yiye mu no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, susuw sɛnea kar aboa wɔ yɛn asetram nnɛ no ho. Wɔyɛɛ kar a edi kan koraa no wɔ afeha 19 awiei mu, nanso Time nsɛmma nhoma no kae nnansa yi sɛ: “Kar yɛ nneɛma a wɔayɛ a aboa nkurɔfo kɛse wɔ afeha aduonu yi nyinaa mu no mu biako.”
Wɔ 1975 mu no, wohui sɛ nnipa a wotumi yɛ adwuma wɔ Europa no du biara mu biako rennya adwuma nyɛ sɛ kar nyinaa fi hɔ mpofirim a. Ɛnyɛ nnwuma a wɔyɛ kar no nko na anka wɔn ho bɛkam na mmom sikakorabea, aguadidan ahorow, adidibea, ne nnwuma afoforo, a ɛsɛ sɛ nkurɔfo tra kar mu kɔ no nso begu. Sɛ akuafo annya kar antwe wɔn nnɔbae a, anka aduan ho bɛyɛ na. Anka wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ nkurow akɛse mu a wɔtete akyiri no ntumi nkɔ adwuma. Anka akwan akɛse a wɔayeyɛ na wɔde asiesie mmeae foforo no bɛyɛ kwa.
Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔatumi ayɛ kar pii a wɔmmɔ ka kɛse no, nnwumakuw pii fii ase yɛɛ wɔn ankasa nneɛma a wɔde hyehyɛ kar wɔ afeha yi mfiase pɛɛ. (Ɛnyɛ kar nko na wofii ase hyehyɛe, na mmom wɔhyehyɛɛ nneɛma ahorow a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mukaase nso.) Wɔ afeha yi mfiase mu no, na wobu kar sɛ agode bi a asikafo a wɔwɔ aman kakraa bi mu de gyigye wɔn ani, nanso ɛnnɛ, abɛyɛ biribi a nnipa pii tra mu tu kwan wɔ wiase nyinaa. Sɛnea nhoma kyerɛwfo bi kae no, “ɛkame ayɛ sɛ kar abɛyɛ biribi a ɛho hia paa wɔ afeha 20 yi awiei mu.”
Anigyede a Wɔhwehwɛ
Bere bi a atwam no, na anka akwantu yɛ baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ nkutoo. Nanso nneɛma sesae wɔ afeha 20 yi mu—titiriw no wɔ aman a wodi yiye no mu. Esiane sɛ na nkurɔfo nya adwuma a wɔn akatua ye yɛ, a na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nnɔnhwerew 40 anaa nea ennu saa yɛ adwuma nti, na wonya sika ne bere de tu kwan. Afei de na obiara betumi atu kwan akɔ baabiara a ɔpɛ. Na nkurɔfo tumi de kar, bɔs ne wimhyɛn tu kwan kɔ akyirikyiri kogye wɔn ani. Mmeae a na nnipa pii tutu akwan kɔsrasra no bɛyɛɛ nnwuma a mfaso wɔ so kɛse.
The Times Atlas of the 20th Century kae sɛ, “akwan a wotu kɔsrasra mmeae bi no so ba mfaso ma aman abien no nyinaa, ɔman a nnipa no fi mu ne faako a wɔkɔ no.” Nanso ɛnyɛ nea efi mu ba no nyinaa na eye. Mpɛn pii no wɔn a wotu kwan kɔsra mmeae bi no sɛe nneɛma a wɔkɔe sɛ wɔrekɔhwɛ no.
Afei nso na nkurɔfo nya bere pii de wɔn ho hyɛ agodie ahorow mu. Ebinom de wɔn ho hyɛɛ agumadi mu; afoforo nso bɛyɛɛ wɔn a wɔtaa agumadifo no akyi denneennen. Esiane television a ɛbae no nti, na obiara tumi hwɛ agumadi biara a ɛkɔ so no. Na nnipa ɔhaha pii a wɔn ani gye agumadi ho no tumi hwɛ agumadi biara a ɛkɔ so wɔ wɔn man ne aman foforo nyinaa mu wɔ television so.
The Times Atlas of the 20th Century nhoma no ka sɛ: “Agumadi ne sini ho nnwuma, a seesei ɛwɔ adwumayɛfo pii na mfaso wom kɛse no, na na edi akoten wɔ agumadi nnwuma horow nyinaa mu.” Afe biara na nkurɔfo bɔ ka dɔla ɔpepem pii wɔ anigyede ho, a kyakyatow a nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛse no ka ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛɛ wɔ 1991 mu no daa no adi sɛ wɔ Europa no, na wobu kyakyatow sɛ nnwuma akɛse no mu nea ɛtɔ so 12, a anyɛ yiye koraa no na wonya mfaso dɔla ɔpepepem 57 afe biara.
Ɛno nti, nnipa pii fii ase de wɔn ho hyɛɛ anigyede mu na wɔkyerɛɛ ho anigye kɛse. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebeduu 1990 mfinimfini no, na nnipa pii ani abegye nnubɔne a ɛbata anigyede ho no ho araa ma na mfaso a wonya fi mu afe biara no yɛ dɔla ɔpepepem 500, ma enti sɛnea nsɛmma nhoma bi kyerɛ no “ɛbɛyɛɛ aguadi a mfaso wom sen biara.”
“Yɛrehaw Yɛn Ho Wɔ Anigyede Ho Dodo”
Mfiridwuma mu nyansahu a enyaa nkɔanim no tumi kaa nnipa a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa boom. Ɛnnɛ, amammui, sikasɛm, ne amammerɛ, mu nsakrae biara tumi nya nnipa a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa so nkɛntɛnso ntɛm ara. Ɔbenfo Alvin Toffler a ɔyɛ Future Shock nhoma no kyerɛwfo no kae wɔ 1970 mu sɛ, “ɛda adi pefee sɛ bere bi a atwam no nsakrae a na ɛyɛ hu sisii.” Ɔtoaa so sɛ: “Nanso nsakrae a ɛyɛ hu yi sisii wɔ mmeae kakraa bi. Egyee mfehaha pii ansa na nea esisii no renya nnipa foforo so nkɛntɛnso. . . . Ɛnnɛ, esiane sɛ amanaman no tumi di nkitaho ntɛmntɛm nti, nsɛnnennen a nsakrae bi de ba no tumi ka afoforo ntɛm ara.” Afiri a wɔde kyere television so dwumadi ne Intanɛt nso anya nnipa a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa so nkɛntɛnso.
Ebinom ka sɛ television so dwumadi ne nea ɛma nnipa te amanneɛbɔ sen biara wɔ afeha 20 yi mu. Nhoma kyerɛwfo bi kae sɛ: “Ɛwom sɛ ebinom ka television so dwumadi ho nsɛmmɔne de, nanso obiara nnye tumi a television wɔ no ho kyim.” Nanso nkɛntɛnso a television nya wɔ afoforo so no kɛse fi nnipa a wɔn na wɔhyehyɛ television so dwumadi no. Enti etumi ma yɛyɛ nneɛma pa ne nneɛma bɔne nyinaa. Esiane sɛ nneɛma a woyi kyerɛ wɔ dwumadi ahorow no bi mu nyɛ papa, na basabasayɛ ne ɔbrasɛe ho nsɛm na ɛwom, na ebinom ani gye ho nti, dwumadi a ɛte saa no tumi sɛe abusuabɔ a ɛda nnipa ntam no kɛse.
Neil Postman ka ɔhaw foforo ho asɛm wɔ ne nhoma, Amusing Ourselves to Death mu sɛ: “Ɛnyɛ asɛm no ne sɛ television so dwumadi bi nkutoo na yɛn ani betumi agye ho, na mmom sɛ yɛn ani begye emu dwumadi biara ho . . . Ɛmfa ho sɛnea dwumadi no te ne adwene biara a obi benya wɔ ho no, atirimpɔw a ɛwom ne sɛ ɛbɛma yɛn ani agye.”
Bere a nkurɔfo de wɔn ho hyɛɛ anigyede mu pii no, wobuu wɔn ani guu honhom fam nneɛma a wɔbɛhwehwɛ ne suban pa a wobenya no so. The Times Atlas of the 20th Century nhoma no ka sɛ: “Nyamesom a agye din wɔ wiase no mu pii nni afoforo so nkɛntɛnso bio wɔ afeha 20 yi mu.” Esiane sɛ nnipa pii buu wɔn ani guu honhom fam yiyedi a wɔbɛhwehwɛ so no nti, ɛmaa wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ anigyede mu dodo.
“Ɛnyɛ Nea Ɛhyerɛn Nyinaa na . . .”
Yɛahu nsakrae a ɛfata pii wɔ afeha 20 yi mu, nanso abebusɛm yi nso yɛ nokware, “Ɛnyɛ nea ɛhyerɛn nyinaa na ɛyɛ sika.” Ɛwom sɛ nnipa binom atumi atra ase mfe pii de, nanso nnipa a wɔadɔɔso wɔ wiase no nso de ɔhaw foforo pii aba. National Geographic nsɛmma nhoma no kae nnansa yi sɛ: “Bere a yɛrehyɛn mfirihyia apem foforo no mu no, asɛm a ɛhaw yɛn kɛse ne nnipa a wɔredɔɔso wɔ wiase no.”
Ɛmfa ho sɛ yenya mfaso pii fi kar a yɛde di dwuma mu no, edi yɛn awu nso, efisɛ akontaabu kyerɛ sɛ kar akwanhyia kunkum nnipa mpem ahanu aduonum afe biara. Afei nso wusiw a efi kar mu no sɛe mframa sen biara. 5000 Days to Save the Planet nhoma no akyerɛwfo no ka sɛ “ɛnnɛ, wɔresɛe nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne adebɔ mu nneɛma no wɔ wiase nyinaa.” Wɔkyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Yɛasɛe adebɔ mu nneɛma no araa ma ɛyɛ den sɛ nkwa bɛkɔ so atra asase yi so.”
Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔsɛe no no ayɛ kɛse wɔ afeha 20 yi mu sen sɛnea na wonim no wɔ mfeha a atwam no mu. National Geographic nsɛmma nhoma no ka sɛ: “Sɛ ɛnyɛ nea asisi nnansa yi a, anka na obiara nnim sɛ nnipa nneyɛe betumi anya wiase nyinaa so nkɛntɛnso saa. Nyansahufo binom gye tom sɛ afei na nsakrae a ɛtete saa resisi wɔ abakɔsɛm mu.” Enti nsɛmma nhoma no bɔ kɔkɔ sɛ: “Esiane tumi a nnipa nya wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so nti, ebetumi aba sɛ bere bi bɛba a asase so nneɛma nyinaa bɛsɛe.”
Ɛyɛ nokware sɛ nsakrae a yɛahu no ama afeha 20 yi ada nsow. Ɛwom sɛ nkurɔfo anya nneɛma pa pii nnɛ de, nanso wohu sɛ wɔn nkwa da asiane mu!
[Nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 7, 9]
(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)
1975
Vietnam Ɔko no Ba awiei
1989
Wodwiriw Berlin Ɔfasu no bere a Kɔmunis Aban gu 1991 no
1991
Soviet Union mu paapae
1901
Marconi de radio dwumadi a edi kan kɔ mmeae a ɛwɔ Atlantic supɔw no so
1905
Einstein kyerɛw nea onim fa abɔde a aniwa hu ho
1913
Ford bue adwuma a wɔhyehyɛ kar a wɔfrɛ no “Model-T” no
1941
Wofi ase bɔ aguade ho dawuru wɔ TV so
1969
Nnipa nantew ɔsram so
Mmeae a nkurɔfo tu kwan kɔhwehwɛ bɛyɛ adwuma a mfaso wɔ so kɛse
Nnipa pii ani abegye Intanɛt ho
1999
Wiase nnipa dodow du ɔpepepem asia