Kutheni Amanyala Esasazeke Kangaka?
IZINTO ezibonisa amanyala ezenzelwe ukuvuselela inkanuko sele zinamawakawaka eminyaka zikho. Kodwa phambili phayaa, bekunzima ukuzisasaza yaye ngenxa yoko bezifumaneka kuphela kwizityebi nakubalawuli. Ukushicilelwa kweencwadi namaphepha amaninzi kwanokuveliswa kweekhamera nemifanekiso eshukumayo kwayiphelisa yonke loo nto. Ngoku amanyala afumaneka nakubantu abangezozityebi.
Ukuveliswa koomatshini bevidiyo kwawukhuthaza lo mkhwa. Ngokungafaniyo nobuxhakaxhaka bemifanekiso-bhanyabhanya nemifanekiso yakudala, kulula ukugcina, ukukhuphela nokusasaza iikhasethi zevidiyo. Kanti umntu uyakwazi ukuzibukela ekhayeni lakhe. Kutshanje ukwanda kwezitishi zikamabonwakude ezihlawulelwayo nokweInternet kwenze amanyala afumaneke lula gqitha. Umhlalutyi wamaziko eendaba, uDennis McAlpine uthi: “Ngoku umntu ongafuni kubonwa ngabamelwane bakhe ekwicandelo lezinto ezibonisa amanyala evenkileni, unokuzihlalela emzini wakhe aze nje avule esinye sezi zitishi.” Lo kaMcAlpine uthi ukufumaneka lula kwezi nkqubo kuye kwanegalelo “ekwamkelekeni kwamanyala.”
Amanyala Sele Eyinto Nje Eqhelekileyo
Abaninzi badidekile ngumbandela wamanyala kuba ngoku sele eyinto eqhelekileyo. Umbhali uGermaine Greer uthi: “Anempembelelo enamandla kwindlela yethu yokwenza izinto, kunokuba injalo imidaniso, imidlalo yeqonga, umculo kwanemizobo.” Indlela abantu abawajonga ngayo amanyala inokubonwa ‘kwisinxibo soonongogo’ esinxitywa ngabantu abaninzi abadumileyo, iividiyo zomculo ezisibonisa ngokuphandle isini, nezentengiso ngoku ezisele zisithi “chatha amanyala” kwimifanekiso yazo. UMcAlpine uqukumbela ngelithi: “Abantu baginya yonke into abanunuswa ngayo. . . . Bazixelela ukuba yonke into ilungile.” Umbhali uAndrea Dworkin uthi, ngenxa yoko “akusekho nto ithi thiki ebantwini. Abakhathali ok’ kokuqala.”
Indlela Athethelelwa Ngayo Amanyala
Exhasa amazwi ombhali uDworkin, umcuphi weFBI osele esidla umhlalaphantsi, uRoger Young uthi abantu abaninzi “abawujongi ngeliso elibanzi lo mbandela wamanyala neengxaki zawo.” Abanye balahlekiswa ngabo bawameleyo amanyala, besithi abukho ubungqina bokuba ayingozi ebantwini. Umbhali uF. M. Christensen uthi: “Yinto nje edlulayo nengenampembelelo, eso sisibakala abangafuni kusivuma abantu abangayithandiyo le mifanekiso.” Kodwa ke ukuba ayinto nje edlulayo nengenampembelelo, afakelwa ntoni kwishishini lezentengiso? Kutheni iinkampani zichitha izigidi ngezigidi zeedola zisenza izibhengezo ezikoomabonwakude, kwiividiyo kwanezo zishicilelweyo?
Inyaniso yeyokuba, njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo yokubhengeza ephumelelayo, eyona njongo iphambili yamanyala kukuvusa iinkanuko nje ezingekhoyo. Umphengululi uSteven Hill noNina Silver babhala bathi: “Amanyala ayinto yokwenza ingeniso, qwaba ke. Yaye ezentengiso ezitsha zintambo, zithatha nje nantoni na ezinokuyisebenzisa, ingakumbi imizimba yamabhinqa neentlobano zesini zabantu.” UGreer uthelekisa amanyala nokutya nje okungondliyo okuthengiswayo nokuthandwa gqitha nokunezinongo kwakunye nemichiza nje kuphela. Uthi: “Isini esiboniswa kwezentengiso yinto nje yokuqhatha abantu . . . Zidla ngokubaxwa izinto xa kubhengezwa ukutya okungondliyo, kwenzeka okufanayo ke naxa kuboniswa isini kwezentengiso.”
Abanye oogqirha bathi amanyala anokukufaka kubukhoboka ekunokuba nzima ukwahlukana nabo. Xa kunyangwa amakhoboka eziyobisi, kudla ngokuqala kukhutshwe ezo ziyobisi egazini. Kodwa uGqr. Mary Anne Layden, weYunivesithi yasePennsylvania uthi, ukuba likhoboka lamanyala “kubethelela imifanekiso engenakuze iphume engqondweni.” Yiloo nto le ibangela ukuba umntu akwazi ukukhumbula imifanekiso engcolileyo kangangeminyaka eliqela. Uqukumbela ngelithi: “Le yinto yokuqala ekhobokisayo ekungekho themba lokuba inokukhutshwa engqondweni.” Kodwa ngaba loo nto ithetha ukuba akakho umntu onokwahlukana nempembelelo yamanyala? Yaye nguwuphi owona monakalo ubangelwa ngamanyala?
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 21]
Izibakala Eziphathelele Amanyala Akwi-Internet
◼ Malunga nama-75 ekhulwini amanyala akwi-Internet avela eUnited States. Amalunga ne-15 ekhulwini avela eYurophu.
◼ Kuqikelelwa ukuba bamalunga nama-70 ezigidi ngeveki abantu abavula amajelo abonisa amanyala kwi-Internet. Malunga nama-20 ezigidi aba bantu ngabaseKhanada naseUnited States.
◼ Kutshanje olunye uhlolisiso lwadiza ukuba ngenyanga, iJamani inabona bantu baninzi babukela amanyala akwi-Internet eYurophu, kulandele iGreat Britain, kuze iFransi, i-Itali neSpeyin.
◼ EJamani, abantu ababukela amanyala akwi-Internet bachitha umlinganiselo wemizuzu engama-70 ngenyanga.
◼ Kubantu ababukela amanyala akwi-Internet eYurophu, abo baneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 ubudala bachitha ixesha elininzi betyhile amajelo abonisa isini.
◼ Ngokutsho kwenye incwadi, ama-70 ekhulwini amanyala akwi-Internet abukelwa emini.
◼ Abanye baqikelela ukuba amaziko eInternet ali-100 000 aquka amanyala abandakanya abantwana.
◼ Malunga nama-80 ekhulwini amaziko abonisa amanyala abandakanya abantwana ngawaseJapan.
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 20]
Amanyala sele efumaneka lula