UBathathu Emnye
Ingcaciso: Le yimfundiso ephambili yeenkonzo zeNgqobhoko. Ngokutsho kweSivumo Sokholo Sika-Athanasiya, kukho iZiqu ezithathu ezingoothixo (uYise, uNyana, uMoya Oyingcwele), ngasinye kuthiwa siphila ngonaphakade, ngasinye kuthiwa singusomandla, asikho esikhulu okanye esincinane kunesinye, ngasinye kuthiwa singuThixo, ukanti zonke zinguThixo omnye. Amanye amazwi ale mfundiso agxininisa ukuba ezi “Ziqu” zithathu azingobantu bahlukeneyo kodwa ziziintloko ezintathu apho kufumaneka khona ubuthixo. Ngaloo ndlela abantu abathile abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye bagxininisa kwelokuba inkolelo yabo ithi uYesu Kristu unguThixo, okanye uYesu noMoya Oyingcwele banguYehova. Le mfundiso asiyoyeBhayibhile.
Iyintoni imvelaphi yemfundiso kaBathathu Emnye?
IThe New Encyclopædia Britannica ithi: “Igama elithi Bathathu Emnye, nemfundiso ecacileyo enjengaleyo, azibonakali kwiTestamente Entsha, ibe noYesu nabalandeli bakhe abazange bayiphikise iShema kwiTestamente Endala: ‘Yiva, Sirayeli: INkosi uThixo wethu yiNkosi enye’ (Dut. 6:4). . . . Le mfundiso yavela ngokuthe ngcembe kwiinkulungwane eziliqela ezadlulayo ibe yavela ityhubela iimpikiswano ezininzi. . . . Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesi-4 . . . le mfundiso kaBathathu Emnye ngokupheleleyo yaba kwimo ebikuyo ukususela ngoko.”—(1976), Micropædia, Umqu. X, iphe. 126.
INew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “Ingcamango ethi ‘uThixo omnye kwiZiqu ezithathu’ ayizange imiselwe ngokuqinileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo ayizange ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo namaKristu neenkolelo awayesithi zezawo, ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkulungwane yesi-4. Kodwa ikwayile ngcamango ebe yeyokuqala ukwaziwa iyimfundiso kaBathathu Emnye. Phakathi kwaBaseki beCawa abangabaPostile, akuzange kubekho nto esondela kwaukusondela kwingcamango okanye kwingqiqo enjalo.”—(1967), Umqu. XIV, iphe. 299.
KwiThe Encyclopedia Americana sifunda oku: “UbuKristu babuphuma kubuYuda ibe ubuYuda ngokungqongqo babukholelwa ukuba uThixo usisiqu esinye. Ukusuka kwinkqubo yaseYerusalem ukuya kweyaseNicea ngokuqinisekileyo kwakunamagingxi-gingxi. Abantu ababekholelwa kuBathathu Emnye kwinkulungwane yesine abazange bayibonakalise ngokuchanileyo imfundiso yamaKristu okuqala ngokubhekisele kwimo ayiyo uThixo; ngokuchasene noko, oku kwakubonakalisa ukuphambuka kule mfundiso.”—(1956), Umqu. XXVII, iphe. 294L.
Ngokutsho kweNouveau Dictionnaire Universel, “Ubathathu emnye kaPlato, owayekukucwangciswa nje ngokutsha koobathathu emnye abadala abasusela kubantu bangaphambili, ubonakala engubathathu emnye oqondakalayo, wentanda-bulumko ongokweempawu, nowaba ngunobangela wobukho beziqu ezithathu ezinguthixo okanye wabantu abangoothixo abafundiswa ziicawa zobuKristu. . . . Le ngcamango yesithandi sobulumko esingumGrike [uPlato, wenkulungwane yesine B.C.E.] kabathathu emnye wobuthixo . . . inokufunyanwa kuzo zonke iinkonzo [zabahedeni] zamandulo.”—(Paris, 1865-1870), eyahlelwa nguM. Lachâtre, Umqu. 2, iphe. 1467.
UJohn L. McKenzie, S.J., kwiDictionary of the Bible yakhe, uthi: “UBathathu Emnye ngokwendlela emanyeneyo uchazwa ngokusebenzisa igama elithi ‘umntu’ nelithi ‘imo’ magama lawo aveliswe yintanda-bulumko yamaGrike; eneneni loo magama akabonakali eBhayibhileni. Ingcaciso yabantu abakholelwa kubathathu emnye yavela ngenxa yeempikiswano ezindala awathi la magama kwanamanye anjengelithi ‘isiqu’ nelithi ‘ulutho’ athi ngempazamo asetyenziswa kuThixo ngabefundisi abathile.”—(New York, 1965), iphe. 899.
Nakubeni, njengoko abantu abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye bevuma, kungekho gama elithi “Bathathu Emnye” namazwi emfundiso kaBathathu Emnye afunyanwa eBhayibhileni, ngaba iingcamango eziqukwe kuloo mfundiso ziyafumaneka apho?
Ngaba iBhayibhile ifundisa ukuba “UMoya Oyingcwele” usisiqu?
Zimbi izibhalo ezibhekisela kumoya oyingcwele zisenokubonakala zibonisa into enobuntu. Ngokomzekelo, umoya oyingcwele kubhekiselwa kuwo njengomthetheleli (pa·raʹkle·tos, ngesiGrike; “UMthuthuzeli,” KJ; “UMmeli,” TE, NE) ‘ofundisayo,’ ‘ongqinayo,’ ‘othethayo’ ‘novayo.’ (Yoh. 14:16, 17, 26; 15:26; 16:13) Kodwa ezinye izibhalo zithi abantu ‘babezaliswe’ ngumoya oyingcwele, ezinye zithi abanye ‘babhaptizwa’ ngawo okanye ‘bathanjiswa’ ngawo. (Luka 1:41; Mat. 3:11; Ize. 10:38) Ezi zibhalo zikhankanywe mva zibhekisela kumoya oyingcwele ngokuqinisekileyo azithethi ngamntu. Ukuze sikuqonde okufundiswa yiBhayibhile iphela, kumele kuqwalaselwe zonke ezi zibhalo. Siyintoni isigqibo esifanelekileyo esifikelela kuso? Sesokuba izibhalo zokuqala ezilapha zisebenzisa intetho ebusafobe emntwisisa umoya oyingcwele kaThixo, amandla akhe asebenzayo, njengoko neBhayibhile ibumntwisisa ubulumko, isono, ukufa, amanzi negazi. (Bona kwanephepha 196, 197, phantsi komxholo othi “UMoya.”)
IZibhalo Ezingcwele zisixelela igama lobuqu likaBawo—uYehova. Zisazisa ukuba uNyana nguYesu Kristu. Kodwa akukho ndawo eZibhalweni apho igama lobuqu lisetyenziswa kumoya oyingcwele.
Ize. 7:55, 56 zisixelela ukuba uStefano wanikwa umbono wezulu apho wabona ‘uYesu emi ngasekunene kukaThixo.’ Kodwa akazange athethe nto ngokubona umoya oyingcwele. (Bona kwaneSityhilelo 7:10; 22:1, 3.)
INew Catholic Encyclopedia ivuma ngelithi: “Uninzi lwezibhalo zeTestamente Entsha zibonisa umoya kaThixo uyinto, ungenguye uthile; oku ngokukhethekileyo kubonwa kwimfano ephakathi komoya namandla kaThixo.” (1967, Umqu. XIII, iphe. 575) Kwakhona ithi: “Ababhali abangamaKristu angamaGrike benkulungwane yesibini bathetha ngokungaqiniseki gqitha ngoMoya; xa kucingwa ngento eyayiza kwenzeka kule mfundiso, ubani usenokuthi bathetha ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthi uyinto.”—Umqu. XIV, iphe. 296.
Ngaba iBhayibhile iyavumelana nabo bafundisa ukuba uYise noNyana abangobantu bahlukeneyo?
Mat. 26:39: “Waza, ehambele phambili umganyana, wawa [uYesu Kristu] ngobuso bakhe, wathandaza, esithi, Bawo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, mayidlule kum le ndebe; noko makungabi njengokuthanda kwam, makube njengokuthanda kwakho.” (Ukuba uBawo noNyana bebengengobantu bahlukeneyo, umthandazo onjalo ubuya kuba ngongenantsingiselo. UYesu makube wayethandaza kwisiqu sakhe, ibe ukuthanda kwakhe ngokuyimfuneko makube yayikukuthanda kukaYise.)
Yoh. 8:17, 18: “[UYesu waphendula abaFarisi abangamaYuda wathi:] Nasemthethweni wenu ke kubhaliwe kwathiwa, Ubungqina babantu ababini buyinene. Mna ndingulowo uzingqinelayo; uyandingqinela nalowo wandithumayo, uBawo.” (Ngoko, ngokuqinisekileyo uYesu wathetha ngaye njengomntu owahlukileyo kuYise.)
Bona kwanephepha 394, phantsi kothi “UYehova.”
Ngaba iBhayibhile iyafundisa ukuba bonke ekuthiwa bayinxalenye kaBathathu Emnye bahlala ngonaphakade, akakho onesiqalo?
Kol. 1:15, 16: “[UYesu Kristu] ungumfanekiselo kaThixo ongenakubonwa, owamazibulo kwindalo yonke. Ngokuba zadalelwa kuye zonke izinto, ezisemazulwini nezisemhlabeni.” UYesu Kristu ‘ungowamazibulo kwindalo yonke’ ngokwayiphi ingqiqo? (1) Abantu abafundisa uBathathu Emnye bathi igama elithi “owamazibulo” elilapha lithetha ophambili, ongoyena ubalaseleyo nongoyena wahlukileyo; ngaloo ndlela uKristu ebengayi kuqondwa eyinxalenye yendalo, kodwa ebeya kuqondwa engoyena wahlukileyo xa ethelekiswa nabo badalwayo. Ukuba oko kunjalo, ibe ukuba imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye iyinyaniso, kutheni le nto uYise nomoya oyingcwele kungatshiwo nje ukuba nabo bangabamazibulo kuyo yonke indalo? Kodwa iBhayibhile eli binzana ilisebenzisa kuphela kuNyana. Ngokwentsingiselo eqhelekileyo igama elithi “owamazibulo,” libonisa ukuba uYesu ungoyena mkhulu kwintsapho kaYehova yoonyana. (2) Ngaphambi kwencwadi yamaKolose 1:15, igama elithi “owamazibulo” libonakala ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezingama-30 eBhayibhileni, ibe kwimeko nganye lisetyenziswa kwizidalwa eziphilileyo kusebenza intsingiselo enye—izibulo liyinxalenye yeqela. “Izibulo likaSirayeli” lingomnye woonyana bakaSirayeli; “izibulo likaFaro” lingomnye wentsapho kaFaro; “izibulo lenkomo” nalo liyinxalenye yezo nkomo. Ngoko, yintoni ebangela abathile bafakele intsingiselo eyahlukileyo kweli gama kumaKolose 1:15? Ngaba yindlela iBhayibhile elisebenzisa ngayo okanye kungenxa yenkolelo abasele bebambelele kuyo nabafuna ubungqina ngayo? (3) Ngaba amaKolose 1:16, 17 amkhuphela ecaleni uYesu njengowadalwayo xa esithi “zadalelwa kuye zonke izinto, . . . zonke izinto zidalwe nguye, zidalelwe yena”? Igama lesiGrike apha eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “zonke izinto” lithi panʹta, uhlobo oluguqulweyo lwelithi pas. KuLuka 13:2, iTE eli binzana iliguqulela ngokuthi “onke amanye”; iJB ifundeka ngokuthi “nakuphi na okunye”; iNE ithi “nawaphi na angamanye.” (Bona kwanoLuka 21:29 kwiNE namaFilipi 2:21 kwiTE.) Ngokuvisisana nayo yonke into eyiyenye iBhayibhile eyithethayo ngoNyana, iNW inikela intsingiselo efanayo kwigama elithi panʹta kumaKolose 1:16, 17 ukuze, ngokuyinxenye, afundeke ngolu hlobo, “ngaye zonke ezinye izinto zadalwa . . . Zonke ezinye izinto ziye zadalwa ngaye ibe zidalelwa yena.” Ngale ndlela yena uboniswa engowadalwayo, eyinxalenye yendalo kaThixo.
ISityhi. 1:1; 3:14: “Isityhilelo sikaYesu Kristu, awamnika sona uThixo, . . . isithunywa sebandla eliseLawodike sibhalele uthi: Utsho uAmen, iNgqina elithembekileyo, eliyinyaniso, ingqalo [ar·kheʹ, ngesiGrike] yayo indalo kaThixo.” (IKJ, Dy, CC, RS, neNW, kwanezinye zifundeka ngendlela efanayo.) Ngaba le ndlela kuguqulelwe ngayo ichanile? Bambi banembono yokuba into ekusingiselwe kuyo yeyokuba uNyana ‘wayengumqalisi wendalo kaThixo,’ bathi ‘wayengowona mthombo.’ Kodwa iGreek-English Lexicon kaLiddell noScott, ibhala igama elithi “ingqalo” njengentsingiselo yokuqala yelithi ar·kheʹ. (Oxford, 1968, iphe. 252) Isigqibo esisengqiqweni sesokuba lowo ucatshulwe kwiSityhilelo 3:14 uyindalo, ungowokuqala kwindalo kaThixo, ibe wayenesiqalo. Thelekisa IMizekeliso 8:22, apho, njengoko abagqabazi abaninzi beBhayibhile bevuma njalo, uNyana kubhekiselwe kuye njengobulumko obumntwisiweyo. Ngokutsho kweRS, NE, neJB, lowo kuthethwa ngaye apho kuthiwa “wadalwa.”)
Ngokuprofetayo, ethetha ngoMesiya, uMika 5:2 uthi “oziphumo zakhe zisusela kumandulo, zisusela kwimihla yasephakadeni.” IDy ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ukuza kwakhe kususela ekuqaleni, kususela kwimihla engunaphakade.” Ngaba oko kumenza afane noThixo? Kuyaphawuleka ukuba, endaweni yokuthi “ephakadeni,” iRS eli gama lesiHebhere ilichaza ngokuthi “imihla yantlandlolo”; iJB, ithi “imihla yakudala”; iNW, ithi “ixesha elingasikelwe mda.” Xa oku kujongwa ngokweSityhilelo 3:14, ekuxutyushwe ngaso ngasentla, uMika 5:2 akangqini ukuba uYesu wayengenaso isiqalo.
Ngaba iBhayibhile ifundisa ukuba akakho kwabo kuthiwa baqukwe kuBathathu Emnye omkhulu ngakumbi okanye omncinane kunomye, ngaba ifundisa ukuba bonke bayalingana, bonke bangoosomandla?
Marko 13:32: “Kodwa akukho bani uwaziyo loo mhla nelo lixa, azazi nezithunywa ezisemazulwini, akazi noNyana lo, kuphela nguYise.” (Kakade ke, bekungayi kuba njalo ukuba uYise, uNyana noMoya Oyingcwele, bebelingana, bebumba uThixo oziqu zithathu. Ibe ukuba, njengoko abathile besitsho njalo, uNyana wayethintelwe yimo yakhe yobuntu ukuba abe ngowaziyo, kusala lo mbuzo uthi, Kutheni le nto uMoya Oyingcwele wawungazi nje?)
Mat. 20:20-23: “Unina woonyana bakaZebhedi, . . . athi [kuYesu], Yitsho baze aba nyana bam bobabini bahlale, omnye ngasekunene kwakho, omnye ngasekhohlo, ebukumkanini bakho. Uphendule ke uYesu wathi, . . . Okunene indebe yam niya kuyisela, nobhaptizo endibhaptizwa ngalo mna niya kubhaptizwa kwangalo; kodwa kona ukuhlala ngasekunene kum, nangasekhohlo kum, asikwam ukupha ngako; kophiwa abo kulungiselelwe bona nguBawo.” (Hayi indlela ekumangalisa ngayo oko, ukuba, njengoko kusitshiwo, uYesu unguThixo! Ngaba uYesu apha wayephendula nje ‘ngokwemo yakhe yobuntu’? Ukuba, njengoko abantu abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye besitsho, uYesu ngokwenyaniso “wayengumntu okwanguThixo”—kokubini enguThixo yaye ekwangumntu, engekho kwimo enye—ngaba ngokwenyaniso bekuya kuba kukungaguquguquki ukubhenela kwingcaciso enjalo? Akabonisi na uMateyu 20:23 ukuba uNyana akalingani noYise, nokuba uYise uzigcinele amalungelo athile?)
Mat. 12:31, 32: “Konke ukona nokunyelisa bokuxolelwa abantu; kodwa kona ukunyelisa uMoya oyiNgcwele abasayi kukuxolelwa abantu. Nothe wathetha ilizwi elichasene noNyana womntu uya kuxolelwa; kodwa othe wathetha elichasene noMoya oyiNgcwele, akasayi kuxolelwa yena, nakweli phakade, nakwelo lizayo.” (Ukuba uMoya Oyingcwele ebengumntu yaye enguThixo, esi sibhalo besiya kuyiphikisa ngokupheleleyo imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye, kuba besiya kuthetha ukuba ngandlela ithile uMoya Oyingcwele mkhulu kunoNyana. Kunoko, into eyayithethwa nguYesu ibonisa ukuba uYise, ongowakhe lo “Moya,” mkhulu kunoYesu, uNyana womntu.)
Yoh. 14:28: “[UYesu wathi:] Ukuba benindithanda, ngenavuyayo kuba ndathi, Ndiya kuBawo; ngokuba uBawo mkhulu kunam.”
1 Kor. 11:3: “Kodwa ke ndithanda ukuba nazi, ukuba intloko yomntu wonke oyindoda nguKristu, intloko ke yomfazi yindoda, intloko ke kaKristu nguThixo.” (Ngoko, licacile elokuba uKristu akangoThixo ibe uThixo ukwisigxina esiphakamileyo kunesikaKristu. Kumele kuphawulwe ukuba oku kwabhalwa malunga nowama-55 C.E., kwiminyaka enokuba ngama-22 emva kokubuyela kukaYesu ezulwini. Ngoko inyaniso echazwe apha isebenza kulwalamano oluphakathi koThixo noKristu ezulwini.)
1 Kor. 15:27, 28: “Kuba [uThixo] izinto zonke wazithobela phantsi kweenyawo zakhe [uYesu]. Ke xa athi, Izinto zonke zithotyiwe, kuyabonakala ukuba akabalwa lowo wazithobela phantsi kwakhe zonke izinto. Xa ke zithe zathotyelwa phantsi kwakhe zonke izinto, uya kwandula noNyana ngokwakhe athotyelwe phantsi kwalowo wazithobela phantsi kwakhe zonke izinto, ukuze uThixo abe zizinto zonke kubo bonke.”
Igama lesiHebhere elithi Shad·daiʹ nelesiGrike elithi Pan·tokraʹtor omabini aguqulelwa ngokuthi “uSomandla.” Omabini la magama angaweelwimi zamandulo ngokuphindaphindiweyo asetyenziswa kuYehova, uBawo. (Eks. 6:3; ISityhi. 19:6) Akukho nalinye kula magama elikhe lisetyenziswe kuNyana okanye kumoya oyingcwele.
Ngaba iBhayibhile ifundisa ukuba ngamnye wabo kuthiwa bayinxalenye kaBathathu Emnye unguThixo?
UYesu wathi emthandazweni: “Bawo, . . . Bubo ke obu ubomi obungunaphakade, ukuba mabakwazi wena ukuphela koThixo oyinyaniso, naye uYesu Kristu omthumileyo.” (Yoh. 17:1-3, akekeliswe sithi.) (Iinguqulelo ezininzi apha zisebenzisa ibinzana elithi “ukuphela koThixo oyinyaniso” xa zithetha ngoBawo. INE ifundeka ngokuthi “wena nguwe wedwa onguThixo oyinyaniso.” Akanakuba ‘ngokuphela koThixo,’ lowo ‘unguThixo oyinyaniso yedwa,’ ukuba kukho abanye ababini abanguThixo nabalingana naye, ngaba kunganjalo? Nabaphi na abanye ekubhekiselwa kubo ‘njengoothixo’ kumele ukuba bangabobuxoki okanye bayimbonakaliso nje yoThixo oyinyaniso.)
1 Kor. 8:5, 6: “Kuba kambe, nokuba kukho ekuthiwa bangoothixo, nokuba kusezulwini, nokuba kuphezu komhlaba (kwanjengokuba kukho oothixo abaninzi, neenkosi ezininzi), kuthi thina mnye uThixo, uYise, eziphuma kuye izinto zonke; nathi sikholo yena. Inye iNkosi, uYesu Kristu, ezingayo zonke izinto; nathi sikho ngaye.” (Oku kubonisa uYise ‘enguThixo omnye’ wamaKristu ibe ekudidi olwahlukileyo kuYesu Kristu.)
1 Pet. 1:3: “Makabongwe uThixo, uYise weNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu.” (Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nasemva kokunyukela kukaYesu ezulwini, iZibhalo zibhekisela kuBawo ‘njengoThixo’ kaYesu Kristu. KuYohane 20:17, emva kokuvuka kukaYesu, yena ngokwakhe wathetha ngoYise ‘njengoThixo wam.’ Kamva, xa wayesezulwini, njengoko kubhalwe kwiSityhilelo 3:12, kwakhona wasebenzisa kwaibinzana elifanayo. Kodwa eBhayibhileni uBawo akaze abhekisele kuNyana ‘njengoThixo wam,’ noYise okanye uNyana akabhekiseli kumoya oyingcwele ngokuthi “Thixo wam.”)
Ukuze ubone amagqabaza ngezibhalo ezisetyenziswa ngabathile ukuzama ukungqina ukuba uKristu unguThixo, bona iphepha 398-402, phantsi komxholo othi “UYesu Kristu.”
KwiTheological Investigations, uKarl Rahner, S.J., uvuma ngelithi: “Θεός [uThixo] sekunjalo akaze asetyenziswe ukumela uMoya,” ibe: “ὁ θεός [ngokoqobo elithetha uThixo] akaze asetyenziswe kwiTestamente Entsha ukubhekisela kuπνεῦμα ἅγιον [kumoya oyingcwele].”—(Baltimore, Md.; 1961), eyaguqulelwa iphuma kwisiJamani, Umqu. I, iphe. 138, 143.
Ngaba naziphi na izibhalo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye ukuxhasa inkolelo yabo zinikela isiseko esiqinileyo saloo mfundiso?
Umntu okufuna ngokwenene ukwazi inyaniso engoThixo akayi kuphengulula iBhayibhile enethemba lokufumana isibhalo anokusicacisa njengesifanela oko sele ekukholelwa. Ufuna ukwazi okuthethwa liLizwi likaThixo. Usenokufumana izibhalo ezithile anoluvo lokuba zinokuqondwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa xa ezi zibhalo zithelekiswa namanye amazwi aseBhayibhileni nangombandela ofanayo intsingiselo yazo iya kucaca. Kwasekuqaleni kumele kuphawulwe ukuba uninzi lwezibhalo ezisetyenziswa ‘njengobungqina’ bukaBathathu Emnye eneneni zikhankanya abantu ababini kuphela, kungekhona abathathu; ngoko nokuba ingcaciso yabantu abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye ngesibhalo ibichanile, ezi bezingayi kuyingqina into yokuba iBhayibhile ifundisa uBathathu Emnye. Qwalasela oku kulandelayo:
(Ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe ngenye indlela, zonke izibhalo ezicatshulwe kwicandelo elilandelayo ziphuma kwiBX.)
Izibhalo ekuthi kuzo igama elisetyenziswa kuYehova libhekiswe kuYesu Kristu okanye ekubangwa ukuba lisebenza kuYesu
UAlfa no-Omega: Eli gama lelikabani ngokufanelekileyo? (1) KwiSityhilelo 1:8, kuthiwa umnini walo nguThixo, uSomandla. Kwindinyana 11 ngokutsho kweBX, elo gama lisetyenziswe kulowo ongcaciso yakhe emva koko imbonisa enguYesu Kristu. Kodwa abaphengululi bathi bahlonyelwe ngokungemthetho uAlfa no-Omega abakhankanywe kwindinyana 11, ibe ke abaveli kwiTE, RS, NE, JB, NAB, Dy. (2) Kwiinguqulelo ezininzi zeSityhilelo neziya kwisiHebhere kuyavunywa ukuba lowo uchazwe kwindinyana 8 unguYehova ibe ke zilibuyisele apho igama lobuqu likaThixo. Bona iNW, uhlelo lowe-1984 oluneeMbekiselo. (3) ISityhilelo 21:6, 7 sibonisa ukuba amaKristu angaboyisi bokomoya aza kuba ‘ngoonyana’ balowo waziwa njengoAlfa no-Omega. Oko akuze kukhankanywe xa kuthethwa ngolwalamano oluphakathi kwamaKristu athanjiswe ngomoya noYesu Kristu. UYesu wathetha ngawo ‘njengabazalwana’ bakhe. (Heb. 2:11; Mat. 12:50; 25:40) Kodwa abo ‘bazalwana’ bakaYesu kuthethwa ngabo ‘njengoonyana bakaThixo.’ (Gal. 3:26; 4:6) (4) KwiSityhilelo 22:12, iTEV ifakela igama elithi Yesu, ngoko amagama athi Alfa no-Omega nakwindinyana 13 enziwa abonakale ebhekisela kuye. Kodwa igama elithi Yesu alibonakali apho ngesiGrike, ibe ezinye iinguqulelo azinalo. (5) KwiSityhilelo 22:13, uAlfa no-Omega kwakhona kuthiwa ‘ungowokuqala nowokugqibela,’ binzana elo elibhekiselwa kuYesu kwiSityhilelo 1:17, 18. Ngokufanayo, igama elithi “mpostile” lisetyenziswa kuYesu Kristu nakubalandeli bakhe abathile. Kodwa oko akungqini ukuba bangumntu omnye okanye bayalingana ngezikhundla, ngaba kunjalo? (Heb. 3:1) Ngoko ubungqina balatha kwisigqibo sokuba ibinzana elithi “Alfa no-Omega” lisebenza kuThixo uSomandla, uBawo, kungekhona kuNyana.
UMsindisi: Ngokuphindaphindiweyo iZibhalo zibhekisela kuThixo njengoMsindisi. KuIsaya 43:11 uThixo ude athi: “Akukho msindisi ingendim.” Ekubeni uYesu kukwabhekiselwa kuye njengoMsindisi, ngaba uThixo noYesu bayafana? Akunjalo konke konke. UTito 1:3, 4 uthetha ‘ngoMsindisi wethu uThixo,’ aze ke athethe ngabo bobabini ngokuthi “uThixo uYise, nakuYesu Kristu, uMsindisi wethu.” Ngoko, bobabini aba bantu bangabasindisi. UYuda 25 (TE) ubonisa ulwalamano olukhoyo, esithi: “KuThixo okukuphela kwakhe, uMsindisi wethu ngaye uYesu Kristu iNkosi yethu.” (Likekeliswe sithi.) (Bona kwaneZenzo 13:23.) KuBagwebi 3:9, igama elifanayo lesiHebhere (moh·shiʹa‛, eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “umsindisi” okanye “umkhululi”) nelisetyenziswe kuIsaya 43:11 libhekiselwa kuOteniyeli, umgwebi wakwaSirayeli, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo oko akuzange kumenze uOteniyeli abe nguYehova, ngaba kwamenza wangonjalo? Ukufunda uIsaya 43:1-12 kubonisa ukuba indinyana 11 ithetha ukuba uYehova wayekuphela kwaLowo walungiselela usindiso, okanye inkululeko, kuSirayeli; yaye kwakubonisa ukuba usindiso aluzange lufumaneke nakuwuphi na woothixo beentlanga ezazimngqongile.
UThixo: KuIsaya 43:10 uYehova uthi: “Phambi kwam akubunjwanga thixo, nasemva kwam akuyi kubakho namnye.” Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba, ngenxa yokuba uYesu Kristu ngokuprofetayo ebizwa ngokuthi ‘unguThixo oligorha’ kuIsaya 9:6, uYesu umele ukuba unguYehova? Kwakhona, umongo woku uphendula ngokuthi, Akunjalo! Akukho nokuba lube lunye uhlanga kwiiNtlanga ezinqula izithixo olwayila uthixo ngaphambi kukaYehova, kuba kwakungekho namnye owayephambi kukaYehova. Ibe zazingayi kuthi nakwixesha elizayo ziyile nawuphi na uthixo ongowokwenene nophilileyo owayenokwazi ukuprofeta. (Isa. 46:9, 10) Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba uYehova akaze abangele kubekho nawuphi na ngokufanelekileyo ekubhekiselwa kuye njengothixo. (INdu. 82:1, 6; Yoh. 1:1, NW) KuIsaya 10:21 uYehova kuthethwa ngaye ‘njengoThixo oligorha,’ kanye njengokuba kuthethwa ngoYesu kuIsaya 9:6; kodwa kuphela nguYehova okhe abizwe ngokuthi ‘unguThixo uSomandla.’—Gen. 17:1.
Ukuba igama elithile okanye ibinzana elichazayo lifunyanwa kwiindawo eziliqela eZibhalweni, akumele kuze kugqitywe ngobungxamo ukuba limele ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha libhekisela kwakumntu omnye. Ukuqiqa ngolo hlobo bekuya kukhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba uNebhukadenetsare wayenguYesu Kristu, kuba bobabini babebizwa ngokuthi “kumkani wookumkani” (Dan. 2:37; ISityhi. 17:14); nokuba abafundi bakaYesu eneneni babenguYesu Kristu, kuba bonke babebizwa ngokuthi ‘balukhanyiselo lwehlabathi.’ (Mat. 5:14; Yoh. 8:12) Ngalo lonke ixesha simele siwuqwalasele umongo nazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko eziseBhayibhileni apho kufumaneka kwaibinzana elinye.
Ukusebenzisa kwababhali beBhayibhile abaphefumlelweyo kuYesu Kristu izicatshulwa ezikwiZibhalo zesiHebhere ngokucacileyo ezisebenza kuYehova
Kutheni uYohane 1:23 ecaphula uIsaya 40:3 aze amsebenzise koko uYohane uMbhaptizi awakwenzayo ekulungiseleleni uYesu Kristu indlela, ngoxa uIsaya 40:3 ngokucacileyo exubusha ngokulungiselela indlela phambi kukaYehova? Kungenxa yokuba uYesu wayemela uYise. Weza egameni likaYise ibe wayenesiqinisekiso sokuba uYise wayesoloko enaye kuba wayesenza izinto ezazikholisa uYise.—Yoh. 5:43; 8:29.
Kutheni le nto amaHebhere 1:10-12 ecaphula INdumiso 102:25-27 aze ayisebenzise kuNyana, ngoxa indumiso isithi oku kubhekisela kuThixo? Kungenxa yokuba uNyana ungulowo ekwathi ngaye uThixo wenza imisebenzi yendalo echazwe apho ngumdumisi. (Bona amaKolose 1:15, 16; IMizekeliso 8:22, 27-30.) Kumele kuphawulwe kumaHebhere 1:5b ukuba loo ngcaphulo ithatyathwe kweyesi-2 kaSamuweli 7:14 yaza yasetyenziswa kuNyana kaThixo. Nangona eso sibhalo ekuqaleni sasisebenza kuSolomon, ukusebenza kwaso kamva kuYesu Kristu akuthethi ukuba uSolomon noYesu bayinto enye. UYesu “mkhulu kunoSolomon” ibe uphumeza umsebenzi owafanekiselwa kwangaphambili nguSolomon.—Luka 11:31.
IZibhalo ezibakhankanya kunye uYise, uNyana noMoya oyiNgcwele
UMateyu 28:19 neyesi-2 yabaseKorinte 13:14 ziyimizekelo yoku. Akukho nasinye kwezi zibhalo esithi uYise, uNyana noMoya oyiNgcwele bayalingana okanye baphila ngonaphakade ngokufanayo okanye esithi bonke banguThixo. Ubungqina obungokweZibhalo obusele bunikelwe kwiphepha 42-46 buyayiphikisa into yokuba iingcamango ezinjalo zinokufundwa ezibhalweni.
ICyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, kaMcClintock noStrong, nangona iyithethelela imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye, ivuma oku ngoMateyu 28:18-20: “Noko ke, esi sibhalo xa sijongwa nje ngokwaso, besingayi kubungqina ngokupheleleyo ubuntu bezinto ezintathu ezikhankanyiweyo, okanye ukulingana kwazo okanye ubuthixo bazo.” (Eyabuya yashicilelwa ngowe-1981, Umqu. X, iphe. 552) Ithetha ngezinye izibhalo ezikwakhankanya aba bathathu banye, le Cyclopedia iyavuma ukuba, xa zijongwa nje ngokwazo, “azanelanga” ukungqina uBathathu Emnye. (Thelekisa eyoku-1 kuTimoti 5:21, apho uThixo noKristu nezithunywa zezulu bekhankanywa kunye.)
Izibhalo ekuthi kuzo kusetyenziswe izibizo ezikwisininzi zibhekiswe kuThixo kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere
KwiGenesis 1:1 igama elithi “uThixo” liguqulelwe kwelithi ’Elo·himʹ, elikwisininzi ngokwesiHebhere. Abantu abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye oku bakuchaza kubonisa uBathathu Emnye. Kwakhona bacacisa iDuteronomi 6:4 iyethetha ukumanyana kwamalungu kaBathathu Emnye xa isithi, “INKOSI uThixo [liphuma kwelithi ’Elo·himʹ] wethu yiNKOSI enye.”
Isininzi sesibizo apha esikwisiHebhere sisininzi esibonisa ubungangamsha okanye ohloniphekileyo. (Bona iNAB, Uhlelo lukaJoseph Ongcwele, iSichazi-mazwi seBhayibhile iphe. 330; kwaneNew Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967 Umqu. V, iphe. 287.) Asidluliseli ngcamango yokubakho kwabantu abaninzi kuthixo omnye. Ngendlel’ efanayo, kuBagwebi 16:23 xa kuthethwa ngoThixo wobuxoki onguDagon, kusetyenziswa igama elinye elithi ’elo·himʹ; isenzi esimlandelayo sikwisinye, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba oku kubhekiselwa nje kuthixo omnye. KwiGenesis 42:30, uYosefu kuthethwa ngaye ‘njengeNkosi’ (’adho·nehʹ, isininzi esibonakalisa ohloniphekileyo) yaseYiputa.
Ulwimi lwesiGrike alunaso ‘isininzi esibonakalisa ubungangamsha okanye ohloniphekileyo.’ Ngoko, kwiGenesis 1:1 abaguquleli beLXX basebenzisa igama elithi ho The·osʹ (uThixo, kwisinye) njengegama elifanayo nelithi ’Elo·himʹ. KuMarko 12:29, apho kuphindwa impendulo kaYesu nalapho acaphula khona iDuteronomi 6:4, ngendlela efanayo kusetyenziswe igama lesiGrike elikwisinye nelithi ho The·osʹ.
KwiDuteronomi 6:4, isiHebhere sisebenzisa iTetragrammaton izihlandlo ezibini, yaye ke ngokufaneleke ngakumbi imele afundeke ngolu hlobo: “UYehova uThixo wethu nguYehova mnye.” (BX) Uhlanga lukaSirayeli, ekwakubhekiswa kulo loo mazwi, lwalungakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye. AmaBhabhiloni namaYiputa ayenqula oothixo abaziziqu ezithathu, kodwa loo nto yacaciswa kuSirayeli ukuba uYehova wahlukile.
Izibhalo apho umntu asenokufikelela kwizigqibo ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeka kwinguqulelo yeBhayibhile esetyenzisiweyo
Ukuba isicatshulwa ngokwegrama sinokuguqulelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, yiyiphi indlela echanileyo? Yileyo evumelanayo nayo yonke iBhayibhile. Ukuba umntu uyawatyeshela amanye amacandelo eBhayibhile aze akhe inkolelo yakhe kumazwi akholana naye endinyana ethile, ngoko into ayikholelwayo eneneni ibonakalisa, kungekhona iLizwi likaThixo, kodwa ibonakalisa iingcamango ezizezakhe mhlawumbi nezomnye umntu ongafezekanga.
IBX ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ekuqalekeni ube ekho uLizwi, waye uLizwi ekuye uThixo, waye uLizwi enguThixo. Yena lowo ebekho ekuqalekeni kuThixo.” (TE, KJ, Dy, JB, NAB zisebenzisa amazwi afanayo.) Noko ke, iAT ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ekuqalekeni uLizwi wayekho, ibe uLizwi wayekunye noThixo, yaye uLizwi wayenguthixo. Lo yena wayekunye noThixo ekuqalekeni.” Phawula ukuba igama elithi “thixo” libhalwe ngoonobumba abancinane, nto leyo emisa lo thixo njengowahlukileyo komnye “uThixo” ekubhekiselwa kuye kwezi ndinyana.
Yiyiphi inguqulelo kaYohane 1:1, 2 evumelana nomongo? UYohane 1:18 uthi: “Akukho namnye wakha wambona uThixo.” Indinyana 14 ngokucacileyo ithi “uLizwi waba yinyama, wahlala phakathi kwethu, sabubona ubuqaqawuli bakhe.” Kwakhona indinyana 1, 2 zithi ekuqalekeni “wayekunye noThixo.” Ngaba ubani unokuba kunye nothile aze kwangaxeshanye abe kwanguloo mntu? KuYohane 17:3, uYesu uthi uYise “ukuphela koThixo oyinyaniso”; ngoko, uYesu ‘njengokobuthixo’ ubonakalisa nje iimpawu zikaYise ezingokobuthixo.—Heb. 1:3.
Ngaba inguqulelo ethi “wayengokobuthixo” iyavisisana nemithetho yegrama yesiGrike? Zimbi iincwadi ezineembekiselo ziphikisa ngamandla zisithi le ndinyana yesiGrike imele iguqulelwe ngokuthi, “uLizwi wayenguThixo.” Kodwa asingabo bonke abavumelana noko. Kwinqaku lakhe elithi “Qualitative Anarthrous Predicate Nouns: Mark 15:39 and John 1:1” (Izibizo Ezikwimo Yentsusa Ezingahlonyelelwanga Neziphuhlisa Ubunjani: kuMarko 15:39 nakuYohane 1:1), uPhilip B. Harner wachaza ukuba amagatya anjalo njengelo likuYohane 1:1, “anesibizo esikwimo yentsusa esingahlonyelelwanga esandulela isenzi, ngokuyintloko anentsingiselo ephuhlisa ubunjani. Abonisa ukuba ulogos ukuhlobo lukatheos.” Uthi: “Mhlawumbi eli gatya linokuguqulelwa ngokuthi, ‘uLizwi wayekuhlobo olufana nolukaThixo.’” (Journal of Biblical Literature, 1973, pp. 85, 87) Ngaloo ndlela, kule ndinyana, isibakala sokuba igama elithi the·osʹ xa liphinda livela okwesibini livela ngaphandle kwedefinite article (ho) yaye ukubekwa kwalo phambi kwesenzi kwisivakalisi sesiGrike kunento okuyibonisayo. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba abaguquleli abagxininisa kwelokuba inguqulelo kaYohane 1:1 ithi, “ULizwi wayenguThixo,” abathandabuzi ekusebenziseni i-indefinite article (a, an) kwinguqulelo yabo yezinye izicatshulwa apho isibizo esikwisinye esikwimo yentsusa esingahlonyelelwanga sibakho phambi kwesenzi. Ngaloo ndlela kuYohane 6:70 kubhekiselwa kuYuda Sikariyoti ‘njengomtyholi,’ yaye kuYohane 9:17 uYesu uchazwa ‘njengomprofeti.’
UJohn L. McKenzie, S.J., kwiDictionary of the Bible, uthi: “UYh 1:1 ngokuchanileyo umele aguqulelwe ngokuthi ‘ulizwi wayenoThixo [= uYise], ibe ulizwi lo wayengokobuthixo.’”—(Izibiyeli zifakelwe nguye. Yapapashwa ngaphandle kwenkcaso nangemvume.) (New York, 1965), iphe. 317.
Ngokuvisisana nokungasentla, iMo ithi, “uLogos wayengokobuthixo”; iNTIV neNW zithi, “ulizwi wayenguthixo.” Kwinguqulelo yakhe yesiJamani uLudwig Thimme oku ukuvakalisa ngale ndlela: “ULizwi wayeluhlobo oluthile loThixo.” Ukubhekisela kuLizwi (owathi waba nguYesu Kristu) ‘njengothixo’ kuyavisisana nokusetyenziswa kwelo gama kuzo zonke iZibhalo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiNdumiso 82:1-6 abagwebi abangabantu bakwaSirayeli kwakubhekiselwa kubo ‘njengoothixo’ (’elo·himʹ ngesiHebhere; the·oiʹ ngesiGrike, kuYohane 10:34) ngenxa yokuba babengabameli bakaYehova ibe babefanele bathethe umthetho wakhe.
Bona kwanesihlomelo seNW uhlelo lowe-1984 oluneeMbekiselo, iphe. 1579.
IRS ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “UYesu wathi kubo, ‘Inene, inene, ndithi kuni, engekabikho uAbraham, bendingundinguye [e·goʹ ei·miʹ ngesiGrike].’” (INE, KJ, TEV, JB, NAB zonke zifundeka ngokuthi “Ndinguye endinguye,” zimbi zide zisebenzise oonobumba abakhulu ukudlulisela ingcamango yokuba elo ligama elisetyenziswa emntwini. Ngaloo ndlela zizabalazela ukunxibelelanisa eli binzana nelikwiEksodus 3:14, apho, ngokutsho kweenguqulelo zabo, uThixo abhekisela kuye siqu ngegama elithi “Ndinguye endinguye.”) Noko ke, kwiBX inxalenye yokugqibela kaYohane 8:58 ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Engekabikho uAbraham, mna ndikho kade.” (Ingcamango efanayo idluliselwe ngamazwi akwiTE, AP, AT, Mo, CBW neSE.)
Yiyiphi inguqulelo evumelanayo nomongo? Umbuzo wamaYuda (kwindinyana 57) owawuphendulwa nguYesu wawunento yokwenza nobudala, kungekhona negama lakhe. Ngokusengqiqweni impendulo kaYesu yayingobudala bakhe, ubude bexesha lokubakho kwakhe. Into ebangel’ umdla yeyokuba, akukho mgudu ukhe wenziwa wokusebenzisa igama elithi e·goʹ ei·miʹ njengegama lomoya oyingcwele.
IA Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research, ebhalwe nguA. T. Robertson ithi: “Isenzi [ei·miʹ] . . . Maxa wambi sichaza ubukho xa sikwimo yesivisa njengoko nasiphi na isenzi sinokuba njalo, njengakwigama elithi [e·goʹ ei·miʹ] (Yo. 8:58).”—Nashville, Tenn.; 1934, iphe. 394.
Bona kwanesihlomelo seNW, uhlelo lowe-1984 oluneeMbekiselo, iphe. 1582, 1583.
IBX ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Zilumkeleni ngoko, nawo wonke umhlambi, athe uMoya oyiNgcwele wanimisa ukuba ngabaveleli bawo, ukuba nilaluse ibandla likaThixo, awazizuzelayo ngelilelakhe igazi.” (IKJ, Dy, NAB zisebenzisa amazwi afanayo.) Noko ke, kwiTE nakwiNW inxalenye yokugqibela yale ndinyana ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “ngegazi lowakhe uNyana.” (iTEV zifundeka ngendlela efanayo. Nangona iRS eyashicilelwa ngowe-1953 ifundeka ngokuthi “ngegazi elilelakhe,” uhlelo lowe-1971 lufundeka ngokuthi “ngegazi lowakhe uNyana.” IRo neDa zifundeka nje ngokuthi “ngegazi elilelakhe.”)
Yiyiphi inguqulelo okanye iinguqulelo ezivumelana neyoku-1 kaYohane 1:7, ethi: “Lithi negazi likaYesu Kristu, uNyana wakhe, lisihlambulule kuso sonke isono”? (Bona kwaneSityhilelo 1:4-6.) Njengoko kuchaziwe kuYohane 3:16, ngaba uThixo wathumela okuphela koNyana amzeleyo, okanye ngaba wathumela yena siqu njengomntu, ukuze sibe nokuzuza ubomi? Yayiligazi, kungekhona elikaThixo, kodwa yayileloNyana wakhe elaphalazwayo.
Bona kwanesihlomelo seNW, uhlelo lowe-1984 oluneeMbekiselo, iphe. 1580.
IBX ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Abangababo ooyise; awaphuma kubo uKristu ngokwenyama, uThixo ongophezu konke, engowokubongwa kude kube ngunaphakade. Amen.” (IKJ, Dy, TE neAP zifundeka ngokufanayo.) Noko ke, kwiNW inxalenye yokugqibela yale ndinyana ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Awaphuma kubo uKristu ngokwenyama: uThixo, ongaphezu kwabo bonke, makazukiswe ngonaphakade. Amen.” (IRS, NE, TEV, NAB, Mo zonke zisebenzisa amagama afana nasetyenziswa yiNW.)
Ngaba le ndinyana ithi uKristu ‘ungaphezu kwabo bonke’ ibe ke ngoko enguThixo? Okanye ngaba ibhekisela kuThixo nakuKristu njengabantu abangafaniyo ize ithi uThixo ‘ungaphezu kwabo bonke’? Yiyiphi inguqulelo yamaRoma 9:5 evumelana namaRoma 15:5, 6, ethi kuqala yahlule uThixo kuKristu Yesu ize ke ibongoze umfundi ukuba ‘azukise uThixo, uYise weNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu’? (Bona kwaneyesi-2 yabaseKorinte 1:3 namaEfese 1:3.) Qwalasela okulandelayo kumaRoma isahluko 9. Indinyana 6-13 zibonisa ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwenjongo kaThixo kuxhomekeke kungekhona kwilifa elingokwenyama kodwa ekuthandeni kukaThixo. Indinyana 14-18 zibhekisela kwisigidimi sikaThixo esasisiya kuFaro, njengoko sibhalwe kwiEksodus 9:16, ukubalaselisa isibakala sokuba uThixo uphezu kwabo bonke. Kwindinyana 19-24 ukongama kukaThixo kucaciswa ngokubhekele phaya ngokuthelekisa umbumbi nezitya zodongwe azenzayo. Ke ngoko, hayi indlela afaneleke ngayo amazwi akwindinyana 5, athi: “UThixo, ongaphezu kwabo bonke, makazukiswe ngonaphakade. Amen”!—NW.
IThe New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology ithi: “AmaRoma 9:5 kuphikiswana ngawo. . . . Bekuya kuba lula, kuze kube nokwenzeka ngokugqibeleleyo nangokwegrama ukusebenzisa elo binzana kuKristu. Ngoko le ndinyana ibiya kufundeka ngokuthi, ‘uKristu onguThixo phezu kwabo bonke, makazukiswe ngonaphakade. Amen.’ Nakuba kunjalo, uKristu ebengayi kwenziwa olingana ngokupheleleyo noThixo, kodwa ebeya kuchazwa nje kuphela njengokwimo engokobuthixo, kuba igama elithi theos alinayo iarticle. . . . Ingcaciso enokuba yechanileyo yeyokuba la mazwi aluzuko olubhekiswa kuThixo.”—(Grand Rapids, Mich.; 1976), yaguqulelwa iphuma kwisiJamani, Umqu. 2, iphe. 80.
Bona kwaneSihlomelo seNW, uhlelo lowe-1984 oluneeMbekiselo, iphe. 1580, 1581.
IBX ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Yibani nale ngcinga kuni, wayenayo kuye uKristu Yesu: Yena wathi, esebumeni bukaThixo, akathi ukulingana noThixo kulixhoba.” (IDy KJ, RS, AP zinamazwi afanayo. IJB ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “akazange abambelele ekulinganeni kwakhe noThixo.”) Noko ke, kwiNW icandelo lokugqibela leso sicatshulwa lifundeka ngolu hlobo: “owathi, nangona wayekho ebumeni bukaThixo, akazange akucinge ukuzirhwaphilizela [har·pag·monʹ ngesiGrike] into yokuba umele alingane noThixo.” (IRS, NE, TEV, NAB zonke zidlulisela ingcamango efanayo.)
Yiyiphi ingcamango evumelana nomongo? Indinyana 5 iluleka amaKristu ukuba axelise uKristu kumbandela oxutyushwayo apha. Ngaba ayenokubongozwa ukuba akugqale ‘kungekuko ixhoba,’ kodwa kulilungelo lawo, “ukulingana noThixo”? Ngokuqinisekileyo kwakungena kuba njalo! Noko ke, anokuxelisa lowo ‘ungazange akucinge ukuzirhwaphilizela ukulingana noThixo.’ (NW) (Thelekisa iGenesis 3:5.) Inguqulelo enjalo ikwavumelana noYesu Kristu ngokwakhe, owathi: “UBawo mkhulu kunam.”—Yoh. 14:28.
IThe Expositor’s Greek Testament ithi: “Asifumani nasiphi na isicatshulwa apho [uhar·paʹzo] okanye amagama aphuma kuye [kuquka nelithi har·pag·monʹ] anentsingiselo ‘yokuba nento,’ ‘ukuyigcina’. Ubonakala ngokungaguquguqukiyo ethetha ‘ukuhlutha,’ ‘ukuxhakamfula ngamandla.’ Ngaloo ndlela akuvumelekanga ukushenxa kwintsingiselo yokwenyaniso ethi ‘ukunqakula’ kuyiwe kweyahluke ngokupheleleyo ethi, ‘ukubamba ngokuqinileyo.’”—(Grand Rapids, Mich.; 1967), eyahlelwa nguW. Robertson Nicoll, Umqu. III, iphe. 436, 437.
IKJ ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Kuye [uKristu] kukho konke ukuphelela komzimba kaThixo oziqu zithathu [the·oʹte·tos, ngesiGrike].” (Kudluliselwa ingcamango efanayo ziinguqulelo ezinjengezi NE, RS, JB, NAB, Dy.) Noko ke, iNW ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Kukuye ekuthi konke ukuphelela kophawu lobuthixo kuhlale ngokomzimba.” (IAT, We neCKW zifundeka ngokuthi “ubume bukaThixo,” kunokuthi “uThixo oziqu zithathu.” Thelekisa eyesi-2 kaPetros 1:4.)
Kuyavunywa ukuba, asinguye wonk’ ubani onikela ingcaciso efanayo yamaKolose 2:9. Kodwa yiyiphi evumelana nayo yonke loo ncwadi iphefumlelweyo iya kumaKolose? Ngaba uKristu kuye siqu wayenento eyeyakhe ngenxa yokuba enguThixo, eyinxalenye kaBathathu Emnye? Okanye ngaba ‘ukuphelela’ okukuye kuyinto eyaba yeyakhe ngenxa yesigqibo somnye umntu? AmaKolose 1:19 (KJ, Dy) athi konke ukuphelela kwahlala kuKristu ngenxa yokuba “kwakumkholisa uYise” ukuba oku kube njalo. INE ithi oku kwakungenxa “yokhetho lukaThixo.”
Khawuqwalasele umongo osondeleyo wamaKolose 2:9: Kwindinyana 8, abafundi balunyukiswa ngokulahlekiswa ngabo bamela intanda-bulumko nezithethe zabantu. Bakwaxelelwa ukuba kuKristu ‘kufihlwe kuye bonke ubutyebi bobulumko nobokwazi’ ibe babongozwa ngelokuba ‘bahambe kuye’ baze ‘bendele bakhelwe kuye, baqiniswe ngokholo.’ (Indinyana 3, 6, 7) Kukuye, kungekhona kubaseki okanye kubafundisi bentanda-bulumko yabantu, ekuthi kuhlale ‘ukuzaliseka’ okuthile okuxabisekileyo. Ngaba umpostile uPawulos apho wayesithi ‘ukuzaliseka’ okwakukuKristu kwakwenze uKristu ukuba abe nguThixo? Akazange athethe oko ngokutsho kwamaKolose 3:1, apho uKristu kuthiwa ‘uhleli ngasekunene kukaThixo.’—Bona iKJ, AP, Dy, TEV, NAB.
Ngokutsho kweGreek-English Lexicon, kaLiddell noScott uthe·oʹtes (oyintloko yesivakalisi, ekuthatyathwe kuye igama elithi the·oʹte·tos) uthetha “ubuthixo, imo yobuthixo.” (Oxford, 1968, iphe. 792) Ekubeni ngokwenyaniso ‘engowobuthixo,’ okanye ‘ekwimo yobuthixo,’ oko akumenzi uYesu njengoNyana kaThixo alingane aze abe ngongunaphakade njengoYise, kanye njengokuba isibakala sokuba bonke abantu “benobuntu” okanye “bekwimeko yobuntu” oko kungabenzi babe ngabalinganayo okanye babe ngoontanga.
IBX ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Silinde ithemba elinoyolo, nembonakalo yobuqaqawuli boThixo omkhulu, uMsindisi wethu uYesu Kristu.” (Amazwi afanayo afumaneka kwiTE, NE, TEV, AP, JB) INW ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ngoxa silindele ithemba elivuyisayo nembonakaliso yobuqaqawuli yoThixo omkhulu noMsindisi wethu, uKristu Yesu.” (INAB iyiguqulela ngokufanayo.)
Yiyiphi inguqulelo evumelana noTito 1:4, obhekisela “kuThixo uYise, nakuYesu Kristu uMsindisi wethu”? Nangona iZibhalo zikwabhekisela kuThixo njengoMsindisi, ngokucacileyo esi sibhalo sahlula phakathi kwakhe noKristu Yesu, lowo uThixo alungiselela usindiso ngaye.
Bambi bama ngelithi uTito 2:13 ubonisa ukuba uKristu unguThixo yaye ukwanguMsindisi. Into ebangel’ umdla yeyokuba, iBX, TE, AP, RS, NE, TEV, neJB ziguqulela uTito 2:13 ngendlela esenokucaciswa njengevumela loo mbono, kodwa azilandeli kwaloo mgaqo ekuguquleleni kwazo eyesi-2 yabaseTesalonika 1:12. UHenry Alford, kwiThe Greek Testament, uthi: “Ndingavuma ukuba [inguqulelo emahlula ngokucacileyo uThixo kuKristu, kuTito 2:13] ihlangabezana nazo zonke izinto ezifunekayo ngokwegrama yesivakalisi: oko kukuthi ngokokwakheka nangokomongo ichane ngakumbi, ibe ivisisana ngakumbi nendlela yabaPostile yokubhala.”—(Boston, 1877), Umqu. III, iphe. 421.
Bona kwaneSihlomelo seNW, uhlelo lowe-1984 oluneeMbekiselo, iphe. 1581, 1582.
IBX ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Kodwa ngaye yena uNyana uthi, Itrone yakho, Thixo, isa ephakadeni lasephakadeni.” (ITE, AP, KJ, NE, TEV, Dy, JB, NAB ziguqulela ngendlela efanayo.) Noko ke, iNW ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Kodwa ngokubhekisele kuNyana uthi: ‘UThixo uyitrone yakho ngonaphakade kanaphakade.’” (IAT, Mo, TC, By zonke zidlulisa ingcamango efanayo.)
Yiyiphi inguqulelo evisisana nomongo? Iindinyana ezandulelayo zithi uThixo nguye othethayo, akubhekiswa kuye; ibe indinyana elandelayo isebenzisa ibinzana elithi “uThixo, uThixo wakho,” ibonisa ukuba lowo kuthethwa ngaye asingoThixo Osenyangweni, kodwa ungumnquli waloo Thixo. AmaHebhere 1:8 acaphula INdumiso 45:6, ngaphambili eyayibhekiswa kukumkani ongumntu wakwaSirayeli. Licacile elokuba, umbhali weBhayibhile wale ndumiso akazange acinge ukuba lo kumkani ungumntu wayenguThixo onguSomandla. Kunoko, INdumiso 45:6, kwiRS, ifundeka ngokuthi “Itrone yakho yobuthixo.” (INE ithi, “Itrone yakho injengetrone kaThixo.” IJP [indinyana 7] ithi: “Itrone yakho oyinikwe nguThixo.”) USolomon, mhlawumbi owayengukumkani ekwakuthethwa ngaye ngaphambili kwiNdumiso 45, kwakusithiwa uhleli “etroneni kaYehova.” (1 Kron. 29:23) Ngokuvisisana nesibakala sokuba uThixo ‘eyitrone,’ okanye enguMthombo noMxhasi wobukumkani bukaKristu, uDaniyeli 7:13, 14 noLuka 1:32 babonisa ukuba uThixo igunya elinjalo ulijizeka yena.
AmaHebhere 1:8, 9 acaphula INdumiso 45:6, 7, umphengululi weBhayibhile onguB. F. Westcott athi ngawo: “ILXX. ibangela kubekho iindlela ezimbini zokuyiguqulela: [uho the·osʹ] unokujongwa njengesibizi kuzo zombini ezi meko (Itrone yakho, Thixo, . . . ngenxa yoko, Thixo, uThixo wakho . . .) okanye unokujongwa njengoyintloko yesivakalisi (okanye osisivisa) kwimeko yokuqala (UThixo uyitrone yakho, okanye Itrone yakho nguThixo . . .), ibe xa kuhlonyelwe eli binzana [ho the·osʹ sou] kwimeko yesibini ithi (Ngenxa yoko, uThixo, kwanoThixo wakho . . .). . . . Akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba [u’Elo·himʹ] kulwimi lwangaphambili abhekisele kukumkani. Ngoko ke kumele kucingwe ukuba iphosakele inkolelo ethi [uho the·osʹ] usisibizi kwiLXX. Ngaloo ndlela ngelicacileyo kubonakala ikokona kulungileyo ukulibhala ngolu hlobo igatya lokuqala: UThixo uyitrone yakho (okanye, Itrone yakho nguThixo), oko kukuthi ‘Ubukumkani bakho busekelwe kuThixo, uLwalwa olungenakushenxiswa.’”—The Epistle to the Hebrews (London, 1889), iphe. 25, 26.
IBX ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ngokuba bathathu abo bangqinayo [emazulwini: uYise, noLizwi, noMoya oyiNgcwele; abo bathathu banye. Bathathu abo bangqinayo emhlabeni]: uMoya, namanzi, negazi; abo bathathu basingise ntweni-nye.” (IKJ neDy nazo zinaso esi sicatshulwa sikaBathathu Emnye.) Noko ke, iTE ayinawo la magama athi “[emazulwini: uYise, noLizwi, noMoya oyiNgcwele; abo bathathu banye. Bathathu abo bangqinayo emhlabeni].” (IAP, RS, NW, NE, TEV, JB, NAB nazo azinaso esi sicatshulwa sikaBathathu Emnye.)
Ethetha ngesi sicatshulwa sikaBathathu Emnye, umhlabi madlala woncwadi uF. H. A. Scrivener wabhala oku: “Akufuneki ukuba sithandabuze ekuvakaliseni inkolelo yethu yokuba amazwi ekuphikiswana ngawo akazange abhalwe nguYohane Ongcwele: nokuba ngaphambili afakwa kwimibhalo yesiLatini eAfrika esuswa eludinini, apho ayebekwe khona njengawonqulo nakuludwe olwamkelekileyo lokucacisa amagama anzima kwindi. 8: nokuba ukusuka kwisiLatini athwethwela kwimibhalo-ngqangi emibini okanye emithathu yamva yesiGrike, ibe ukususela ngoko athwethwela kanye kwisiGrike esasishicilelwe, ndawo leyo ayengenalungelo lokuba kuyo.”—A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament (Cambridge, 1883, uhle. lwesithathu), iphe. 654.
Bona kwanombhalo osemazantsi wezi ndinyana kwiJB, nesihlomelo seNW, uhlelo oluneeMbekiselo lowe-1984, iphe. 1580.
Ezinye izibhalo ezithethwa ngabantu abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye bevakalisa ingcamango yabo
Phawula ukuba inxalenye yokuqala yezi ndinyana ibhekisela kuphela kuNyana; ezinye zibhekisela kuYise nakuNyana; ayikho ebhekisela kuYise, kuNyana, nakuMoya Oyingcwele ize ithi babumba uThixo omnye.
Ngento awayithethayo apha, ngaba uYesu wayethetha ukuba wayeza kuzivusa kwelabafileyo? Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba uYesu unguThixo, ngenxa yokuba IZenzo 2:32 zisithi ngokweAP, “Yena lo uYesu uThixo wamvusa”? Akunjalo konke konke. Imbono enjalo ibiya kungqubana namaGalati 1:1, athi ukuvuka kukaYesu kwabangelwa nguYise, kungekhona nguNyana. Esebenzisa kwa-amazwi athetha ngento efanayo, kuLuka 8:48 uYesu ucatshulwa njengothi komnye umfazi: “Ukholo lwakho lukuphilisile.” Ngaba waziphilisa ngokwakhe? Akunjalo; yayingamandla avela kuThixo ngoKristu awathi amphilisa ngenxa yokuba wayenokholo. (Luka 8:46; Ize. 10:38) Ngokukwanjalo, ngokuthobela kwakhe ngokugqibeleleyo njengomntu, uYesu wanikela isizinzi esifanelekileyo sokuba uYise amvuse kwabafileyo, ngaloo ndlela emvuma uYesu njengoNyana kaThixo. Ngenxa yekhondo lobomi likaYesu lokuthembeka, ngokufanelekileyo kwakunokuthiwa uYesu wayebophelelekile ngokuvuka kwakhe.
UA. T. Robertson kwiWord Pictures in the New Testament uthi: “Khumbula [uYohane] 2:19 apho uYesu wathi: ‘Ndiya kuyivusa ngeentsuku ezintathu.’ Wayengathethi ukuba wayeza kuzivusa ngokwakhe kwabafileyo engaxhomekekanga kuYise njengothunywashe osebenzayo (Roma 8:11).”—(New York, 1932), Umqu. V, iphe. 183.
Xa wayesithi, “Mna noBawo sibanye,” ngaba uYesu wayethetha ukuba babelingana? Bambi abantu abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye bathi wayelingana. Kodwa kuYohane 17:21, 22, uYesu wathandaza ngolu hlobo ngabalandeli bakhe: “Ukuze nabo babe banye,” ibe wongezelela ngelithi, “ukuze babe banye, njengokuba thina sibanye.” Wasebenzisa kwaigama elinye lesiGrike (hen) kwigama elithi “banye” kuzo zonke ezi meko. Licacile elokuba abafundi bakaYesu abathi xa bebonke babe yinxalenye kaBathathu Emnye. Kodwa baba banye ngenjongo noYise noNyana, kwauhlobo olunye lobunye olumanyanisa uThixo noKristu.
Abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye ngokubambelela kuye bazenza babe kweyiphi imeko?
Oku kubenza babe kwimeko eyingozi gqitha. Abunakukhanyelwa ubungqina bokuba le mfundiso kaBathathu Emnye ayifumaneki eBhayibhileni, ibe ayivisisani noko kufundiswa yiBhayibhile. (Bona amaphepha awandulelayo.) Immela kakubi gqitha uThixo oyinyaniso. Kanti, uYesu Kristu wathi: “Kodwa kuza ilixa, nangoku selikho, xa abanquli abayinyaniso baya kumnqula uBawo ngoMoya nangenyaniso; kuba uBawo ufuna abanjalo ukumnqula. UThixo unguMoya; abo ke bamnqulayo bamelwe kukumnqula ngoMoya nangenyaniso.” (Yoh. 4:23, 24) Ngaloo ndlela uYesu walenza lacaca elokuba abo banonqulo olungelulo ‘olokwenyaniso,’ olungavisisaniyo nenyaniso eyandlalwe kwiLizwi likaThixo, abangabo “abanquli abayinyaniso.” Ethetha neenkokeli zonqulo ezizezamaYuda zenkulungwane yokuqala, uYesu wathi: “Niwuphangile ke igunya umthetho kaThixo ngenxa yesithethe senu. Bahanahanisindini, watyapha ukuprofeta ngani uIsaya, esithi, Aba bantu basondela kum ngomlomo wabo, bandibeke ngemilebe yomlomo wabo; kanti intliziyo yabo ikude lee kum; bafumana ke bendihlonela, befundisa iimfundiso eziyimithetho yabantu.” (Mat. 15:6-9) Oko kusebenza ngendlela enamandla alinganayo kwabo bakwiNgqobhoko namhlanje abamela izithethe zabantu kuneenyaniso ezicacileyo zeBhayibhile.
Sithetha ngoBathathu Emnye, iSivumo Sokholo Sika-Athanasiya (ngesiXhosa) sithi iziqu zakhe “azinakuqondwa.” Abantu abafundisa le mfundiso badla ngokuthi “yimfihlelo.” Ngokucacileyo uThixo onjalo onguBathathu Emnye asinguye lowo uYesu wayecinga ngaye xa wathi: “Thina sinqula esikwaziyo.” (Yoh. 4:22) Ngaba ngokwenene uyamazi uThixo omnqulayo?
Ngamnye wethu ujongene nale mibuzo inzulu: Ngaba ngokwenene siyayithanda inyaniso? Ngaba silufuna ngokwenene ulwalamano oluhle noThixo? Asinguye wonke ubani oyithanda ngokwenene inyaniso. Abaninzi baye bakhetha ukuthandwa zizalamane nezinxulumani zabo ngaphezu kokuthanda inyaniso noThixo. (2 Tes. 2:9-12; Yoh. 5:39-44) Kodwa, njengoko uYesu wathi kumthandazo onyanisekileyo oya kuYise wasezulwini: “Bubo ke obu ubomi obungunaphakade, ukuba mabakwazi, wena ukuphela koThixo oyinyaniso, naye uYesu Kristu omthumileyo.” (Yoh. 17:3) Ibe INdumiso 144:15 ngokunyanisileyo ithetha oku: “Hayi, uyolo lwabantu abaThixo unguYehova!”
Xa Ubani Esithi—
‘Ngaba uyakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye?’
Usenokuphendula uthi: ‘Leyo yinkolelo ethandwa gqitha kwixesha lethu. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba oku asikuko oko kwafundiswa nguYesu nabafundi bakhe? Ngoko, sinqula Lowo uYesu wathi makanqulwe.’ Mhlawumbi usenokongeza uthi: (1) ‘Xa uYesu wayefundisa, nangu umyalelo awathi yayingowona mkhulu . . . (Marko 12:28-30).’ (2) ‘UYesu akazange athi uyalingana noThixo. Wathi . . . (Yoh. 14:28).’ (3) ‘Ngoko ivela phi imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye? Phawula oko iintyilalwazi (encyclopedias) ezidumileyo ezikuthethayo ngoko. (Bona iphepha 39, 40.)’
Okanye unokuthi: ‘Hayi, andikholelwa. Uyabona, kukho izibhalo zeBhayibhile endingenakuzivumelanisa naloo nkolelo. Nasi esinye sazo. (Mat. 24:36, TE) Mhlawumbi ungandicacisela sona.’ Mhlawumbi usenokongeza uthi: (1) ‘Ukuba uNyana uyalingana noYise, kwenzeka njani ukuba uYise azi izinto uNyana na angazaziyo?’ Ukuba baphendula ngelithi oku kwakunjalo kuphela ngoxa wayekwimo yabantu, usenokwandula ubuze uthi: (2) ‘Kodwa kutheni le nto umoya oyingcwele ungazi nje?’ (Ukuba umntu ubonisa umdla wokwenene enyanisweni, mbonise okuthethwa ziZibhalo ngoThixo.) (INdu. 83:18; Yoh. 4:23, 24)
Enye indlela: ‘Siyakholelwa kuYesu Kristu kodwa asikholelwa kuBathathu Emnye. Kutheni? Kungenxa yokuba sikholelwa koko umpostile uPetros wayekukholelwa ngoKristu. Phawula awakuthethayo . . . (Mat. 16:15-17).’
Icebiso elongezelelekileyo: ‘Ndifumanisa ukuba asinguye wonke ubani ocinga into efanayo xa ethetha ngoBathathu Emnye. Mhlawumbi bendinokuwuphendula kakuhle umbuzo wakho ukuba bendinokuyazi into osingisele kuyo.’ Mhlawumbi usenokongeza uthi: ‘Ndiyayivuyela loo ngcaciso. Kodwa into endiyikholelwayo kuphela yileyo ifundiswa yiBhayibhile. Ngaba wakha walibona igama elithi “uBathathu Emnye,” eBhayibhileni? . . . Kodwa ngaba kuyathethwa ngoKristu eBhayibhileni? . . . Ewe kuyathethwa, ibe siyakholelwa kuye. Enye yeembekiselo ezingoKristu ilapha kuMateyu 16:16. (Mfunde.) Kungeso sizathu le nto ndimkholelwa.’
Okanye usenokuphendula uthi (ukuba umntu utsalela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kuYohane 1:1): ‘Ndiqhelene naloo ndinyana. Kwiinguqulelo ezithile zeBhayibhile kuthiwa uYesu “unguThixo” (obhalwe ngonobumba omkhulu), ibe ezinye zithi “unguthixo” (obhalwe ngoonobumba abancinane). Kutheni kunjalo nje?’ (1) ‘Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yokuba indinyana elandelayo ithi “wayekuThixo”?’ (2) ‘Ngaba kwakhona kungenxa yoko kufunyanwa apha kuYohane 1:18?’ (3) ‘Ngaba wakha wazibuza enoba uYesu uyamnqula na uthile onguThixo? (Yoh. 20:17)’
‘Ngaba uyakholelwa ukuba uKristu unobuthixo?’
Usenokuphendula uthi: ‘Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo ndiyakholelwa. Kodwa mhlawumbi andicingi ngento efana noyicingayo xa ubhekisela “kubuthixo bukaKristu.’” Mhlawumbi usenokongeza uthi: (1) ‘Kutheni ndithetha oko nje? Kaloku, kuIsaya 9:6 uYesu Kristu uchazwa “njengoThixo oligorha,” kodwa kuphela nguYise ekukhe kubhekiselwe kuye eBhayibhileni njengoThixo uSomandla.’ (2) ‘Ibe phawula ukuba kuYohane 17:3 uYesu uthetha ngoYise “njengokuphela koThixo oyinyaniso.” Ngoko, ngokukhulu, uYesu uyimbonakaliso nje yoThixo oyinyaniso.’ (3) ‘Yintoni efunekayo kuthi ukuze sikholise uThixo? (Yoh. 4:23, 24)’