Incwadi YeBhayibhile 33—Mika

Umbhali: NguMika

Indawo Eyabhalelwa Kuyo: KwaYuda

Ukugqitywa Kokubhalwa Kwayo: Ngaphambi kowama-717 B.C.E.

Ixesha Eligutyungelweyo: Malunga nowama-777–717 B.C.E.

 1. UMika wayeyindoda enjani?

CINGA ngendoda ekhulileyo, leyo iye yachitha iminyaka emininzi ithembekile kwinkonzo kaYehova. Cinga ngendoda ekhaliphileyo, leyo eyayinokuxelela abalawuli bohlanga lwayo oku, “Nina, bathiyi bokulungileyo, bathandi bokubi, . . . nina, bayidlileyo inyama yabantu bam; balobula ulusu lwabo.” Cinga ngendoda ethobekileyo, ezukisa uYehova, leyo ithetha ngomoya wakhe, ngenxa yamazwi ayo anamandla. Ngaba ubungayi kukunandipha ukuqhelana nendoda efana naleyo? Onjani yena uvimba wenkcazelo nesiluleko esiphilileyo obunokusidimbaza kuyo! Umprofeti uMika wayeyindoda enjalo. Sisakwazi ukufikelela kwisiluleko sakhe esibalaseleyo esikwincwadi ethiywe ngegama lakhe.—Mika 3:2, 3, 8.

 2. Yintoni eyaziwayo ngoMika nangethuba lokuprofeta kwakhe?

² Njengoko kunjalo ngabaprofeti abaninzi, kuncinane gqitha okuthethwayo ngoMika encwadini yakhe; yayisisigidimi esasibalulekile. Igama elithi Mika liyimo efinyeziweyo yelithi Mikayeli (elithetha, “Ngubani Na OnjengoThixo?”) okanye elithi Mikaya (elithetha, “Ngubani Na OnjengoYehova?”). Wakhonza njengomprofeti ebudeni bokulawula kukaYotam, uAhazi noHezekiya (777-717 B.C.E.), nto leyo ebonisa ukuba wayephila ngexesha lomprofeti uIsaya noHoseya. (Isa. 1:1; Hos. 1:1) Into yokuba waprofeta ithuba elingakanani akuqinisekwanga kakuhle ngayo, kodwa lalingekho ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Iziprofeto zakhe zokutshatyalaliswa kwelakwaSamari zimele ukuba zanikelwa ngaphambi kokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sixeko ngowama-740 B.C.E., yaye ukubhalwa kwaso sisonke kumele ukuba kwagqitywa ngasekupheleni kolawulo lukaHezekiya, ngowama-717 B.C.E. (Mika 1:1) UMika wayengumprofeti wasemaphandleni kwilali yaseMoreshete kwiShefela eyayinendyebo, esemzantsi ntshona weYerusalem. Ukubazi kwakhe kakuhle ubomi basemaphandleni kubonakaliswa luhlobo lwemizekeliso awayisebenzisayo ekucaciseni iingongoma zezibhengezo zakhe.—2:12; 4:12, 13; 6:15; 7:1, 4, 14.

 3. UMika wakhonza ngawaphi amaxesha abalulekileyo, kwaye kwakutheni ukuze uYehova amthume njengomprofeti?

³ UMika wayephila kumaxesha ayingozi nabalulekileyo. Iziganeko ezothusayo zazisandulela intshabalalo yobukumkani bakwaSirayeli nobakwaYuda. Ukonakala okungokokuziphatha nokunqula izithixo kwakwendele kuSirayeli, kwaye oku kwabangela ukuba olu hlanga lutshatyalaliswe yiAsiriya, ngokucacileyo ebudeni bemihla yokudla ubomi kukaMika. UYuda watyeka ekwenzeni okulungileyo ngethuba lokulawula kukaYotam waza waxelisa ubungendawo bukaSirayeli ngethuba lolawulo lwemvukelo luka-Ahazi waza ke waguquka ebudeni bolawulo lukaHezekiya. UYehova wathumela uMika ukuba abalumkise ngokungqongqo abantu Bakhe ngoko wayeza kubazisela kona. Iziprofeto zikaMika zazixhasa ezo zikaIsaya nezikaHoseya.—2 Kum. 15:32–20:21; 2 Kron. isahlu. 27-32; Isa. 7:17; Hos. 8:8; 2 Kor. 13:1.

 4. Yintoni engqina ubunyaniso bencwadi kaMika?

⁴ Kukho ubungqina obuninzi obubonisa ubunyaniso bencwadi kaMika. Ibisoloko isamkelwa ngamaYuda njengenxalenye yemibhalo engcwele yesiHebhere. UYeremiya 26:18, 19 ubhekisela ngokuthe ngqo kumazwi kaMika athi: “IZiyon ibe yintsimi, iYerusalem ibe yimiwewe.” (Mika 3:12) Esi siprofeto sazalisekiswa ngokuchanileyo ngowama-607 B.C.E. xa ukumkani waseBhabhiloni wayichithayo iYerusalem, ‘ukuze ayitshabalalise.’ (2 Kron. 36:19) Isiprofeto esifanayo esimalunga nelakwaSamari, sokuba laliza kuba “yimfumba yamatye esisimi,” ngokukwanjalo sazalisekiswa. (Mika 1:6, 7) ElakwaSamari latshatyalaliswa ngama-Asiriya ngowama-740 B.C.E. xa athimba ubukumkani bangasentla bakwaSirayeli. (2 Kum. 17:5, 6) Kamva yoyiswa nguAlesandire Omkhulu ngenkulungwane yesine Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo yaza yaphanziswa ngamaYuda phantsi kukaJohn Hyrcanus I ngenkulungwane yesibini Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Ichaza ngoku kutshatyalaliswa kokugqibela kwelakwaSamari, iThe New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, yowe-1970, kwiphepha 822, ithi: “Umoyisi wayitshabalalisa, elinga ukucima bonke ubungqina bokuba isixeko esinqabisekileyo sasikhe sema phezu kwale nduli.”

 5. Ukumbiwa kwezinto zakudala kukungqinela njani ukuzalisekiswa kweziprofeto zikaMika?

⁵ Ubungqina bokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala bukongezelela koko kuthethwayo ekuxhaseni iinzaliseko zesiprofeto sikaMika. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwelakwaSamari ngama-Asiriya kuthethiwe ngako kumabali neziganeko zeminyaka ngeminyaka zaseAsiriya. Ngokomzekelo, ukumkani waseAsiriya, uSargon waqhayisa ngelithi: “Ndalingqinga ndaza ndaloyisa elakwaSamari (Sa-me-ri-na).”a Noko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba oyena mntu walugqibezelayo olu loyiso nguShalmaneser V, owangena ezihlangwini zikaSargon. Ngokuphathelele uShalmaneser, incwadi yengxelo yeziganeko yaseBhabhiloni ithi: “Walitshabalalisa elakwaSamari.”b Ukuhlasela kukaYuda ebudeni bolawulo lukaHezekiya, njengoko kwaxelwa kwangaphambili nguMika, kwabhalwa kwincwadi yeengxelo nguSaneribhe. (Mika 1:6, 9; 2 Kum. 18:13) Wayenomfanekiso omkhulu owawukrolwe eludongeni lwebhotwe lakhe eNineve owawufanekisela ukuhlaselwa kweLakishe. Uchaza oko kwilitye lakhe elikhazimlayo elinamacala amathandathu: “Ndangqinga izixeko zakhe ezomeleleyo ezingama-46 . . . Ndakhupha (kuzo) abantu abangama-200 150 . . . Yena ndamenza ibanjwa eYerusalem, ibhotwe lakhe, enkolonkoloza njengentaka evalelweyo.” Wakwadwelisa irhafu eyahlawulwa nguHezekiya kuye, nangona ebubaxa ubungakanani besixa esahlawulwayo. Akayikhankanyi intlekele eyehlela imikhosi yakhe.c—2 Kum. 18:14-16; 19:35.

 6. Yintoni ekwenza kungathandabuzeki nje kwaphela ukuphefumlelwa kukaMika?

⁶ Into eyenza ukuba ukuphefumlelwa kwale ncwadi kungathandatyuzwa nje kwaphela sisiprofeto esibalaseleyo sikaMika 5:2, esixela kusengaphambili indawo awayeza kuzalelwa kuyo uMesiya. (Mat. 2:4-6) Kukwakho nezicatshulwa ezifana neenkcazelo ezikwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike.—Mika 7:6, 20; Mat. 10:35, 36; Luka 1:72, 73.

 7. Yintoni esenokuthethwa ngamandla okuthetha kaMika?

⁷ Ngoxa uMika esenokuba wayevela kwiilali zakwaYuda, ngokuqinisekileyo wayenobuchule bokuthetha. Wambi amazwi angawona asulungekileyo aseLizwini likaThixo afumaneka encwadini yakhe. Isahluko 6 sibhalwe ngohlobo lwencoko yababini enomtsalane. Ukuguquka kwequbuliso kuyitsala ngamandla ingqalelo yomfundi njengoko uMika ethetha ngale ingongoma aze ngokukhawuleza ayishiye esiya kwenye, ukusuka ekuqalekiseni ukusa ekusikeleleni, nokubuyela emva kwakhona. (Mika 2:10, 12; 3:1, 12; 4:1) Kukho izafobe ezicacileyo ezininzi: Ekuphumeni kukaYehova, “ziya kunyibilika iintaba phantsi kwakhe, zicandeke izihlambo, njengomthwebeba phambi komlilo, njengamanzi ephalazwe exandekeni.”—1:4; bona kwanesesi-7:17.

 8. Yintoni equlethwe kwicandelo ngalinye kwamathathu kaMika?

⁸ Le ncwadi isenokwahlulahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu, candelo ngalinye liqalisa ngebinzana elithi “Khanive” kwaye liyakhalimela, linezilumkiso zezohlwayo namadinga eentsikelelo.

OKUQULETHWE YEKAMIKA

 9. Ziziphi izohlwayo ezivakaliswa nxamnye nelakwaSamari noYuda?

⁹ Icandelo 1 (1:1–2:13). UYehova uyaphuma etempileni yakhe esiza kohlwaya elakwaSamari ngokunqula kwalo izithixo. Uza kulenza libe “yimfumba yamatye” aze ‘awaphose amatye alo emfuleni,’ ngoxa etyumza yonke imifanekiso yalo eqingqiweyo. Aliyi kuphiliswa. NoYuda unetyala kwaye uya kuhlaselwa ukusa “esangweni leYerusalem.” Abo baceba izinto ezibubutshinga bayagwetywa kwaye baya kukhala kalusizi: “Kwenzekile; sibhuqiwe sabhuqwa.”—1:6, 12; 2:4.

10. Ibonakala njani inceba kaYehova?

¹⁰ Ngequbuliso kuvela inceba kaYehova njengoko, egameni likaYehova, umprofeti evakalisa oku: “Ndiya kukuhlanganisa okunene Yakobi, . . . ndiya kubenza babe banye, njengempahla emfutshane yaseBhotsera, njengomhlambi ophakathi kwedlelo lawo; baya kuxokozela ngokuba baninzi kwabantu.”—2:12.

11. (a) Bubuphi ububi babalawuli bakwaYakobi nabakwaSirayeli ngoku obubhencwayo? (b) Uthini uMika ngomthombo wenkalipho yakhe?

¹¹ Icandelo 2 (3:1–5:14). Wandula ke uMika aqhubeke esithi: “Khanive, zintloko zakwaYakobi, nani baphathi bendlu kaSirayeli.” Umgwebo oqatha walathiselwa kwabo “bathiyi bokulungileyo, bathandi bokubi” abacinezela abantu. Baye “bawaphula amathambo abo.” (3:1-3) Abaqukwe kunye nabo ngabaprofeti bobuxoki abanganikeli lukhokelo lokwenyaniso, ababangela abantu bakaThixo ukuba babhadule. Kufuneka inkalipho engaphezu kweyomntu ukuze kuvakaliswe esi sigidimi! Kodwa uMika enentembelo uyachaza: “Mna ndizele ngamandla ngomoya kaYehova, ndizele kokusesikweni nobugorha, ukuze ndimxelele uYakobi ukreqo lwakhe, uSirayeli isono sakhe.” (3:8) Ukubhenca kwakhe ububi babalawuli abanetyala legazi kufikelela incopho ekrakra: “Iintloko zayo zigweba ngenxa yesicengo, nababingeleli bayo bayayala ngenxa yomvuzo, nabaprofeti bayo bavumisa ngenxa yemali.” (3:11) Ngoko ke iZiyon iya kulinywa njengentsimi, neYerusalem ibe yimiwewe.

12. Sisiphi isiprofeto esizukileyo esivakaliswayo esiya kwenzeka “ekupheleni kwemihla”?

¹² Kwakhona siguquka ngendlela engalindelekanga, isiprofeto siguqukela “ekupheleni kwemihla” sinikela inkcazelo ezukileyo nechukumisayo yokubuyiselwa konqulo lukaYehova entabeni yakhe. (4:1) Iintlanga ezininzi ziya kunyuka zisiya kufunda ngeendlela zikaYehova, kuba umyalelo nelizwi lakhe ziya kuphuma eZiyon naseYerusalem. Aziyi kuba safunda kulwa, kodwa elowo uya kuhlala phantsi komdiliya naphantsi komkhiwane wakhe. Aziyi koyika. Izizwe ziya kulandela uthixo wazo, kodwa abanquli bokwenyaniso baya kuhamba egameni likaYehova uThixo wabo, kwaye uya kubalawula njengoKumkani ngonaphakade. Noko ke, iZiyon imele kuqala ithinjelwe eBhabhiloni. Kusekubuyiselweni kwayo kuphela aya kuthi uYehova azicole iintshaba zayo.

13. Luhlobo luni lomlawuli oza kuvela eBhetelehem, yaye aza kufana nantoni “amasalela akwaYakobi”?

¹³ Ngoku uMika uxela kwangaphambili ukuba umlawuli wakwaSirayeli, “oziphumo zakhe zisusela kumandulo” uya kuza evela eBhetelehem-efrata. Uya kulawula ‘njengomalusi onamandla kaYehova’ aze abe mkhulu, kungekuphela nje kwaSirayeli, kodwa “ese eziphelweni zehlabathi.” (5:2, 4) IAsiriya ehlaselayo ayiyi kuba nampumelelo, kuba iya koyiswa lize ilizwe layo libe yinkangala. “Amasalela akwaYakobi” aya kuba “njengombethe ophuma kuYehova” phakathi kwabantu nanjengengonyama ukukhalipha phakathi kwezizwe. (5:7) UYehova uya kulususa unqulo lobuxoki aze aphindezele enomsindo kwiintlanga ezingathobeliyo.

14. (a) Icandelo 3 likaMika liqalisa ngokusebenzisa wuphi umzekeliso? (b) Abantu bakwaSirayeli basilele ukuhlangabezana naziphi izinto ezifunwa nguYehova?

¹⁴ Icandelo 3 (6:1–7:20). Ngoku kuboniswa umbono onomtsalane wenkundla yamatyala ngencoko ephakathi kwabantu ababini. UYehova ‘ubambene’ noSirayeli, kwaye ubiza iinduli neentaba ukuba zibe ngamangqina. (6:1) Ucela umngeni uSirayeli ukuba anikele ubungqina nxamnye naye, yaye ubalisa imisebenzi yakhe yobulungisa awayenzayo ngenxa yabo. Yintoni efunwa nguYehova kumntu wasemhlabeni? Asiyonyambalala yamadini ezilwanyana, kodwa, kunoko, ‘kukuthi enze okusesikweni, athande inceba, ahambe noThixo wakhe ngokuthozamileyo.’ (6:8) Oku koko kanye kungekhoyo kwaSirayeli. Kunokuba kubekho okusesikweni nenceba kukho ‘izikali zokungendawo,’ ugonyamelo, ubuxoki nenkohliso. (6:11) Kunokuba bahambe noThixo ngokuthozamileyo, bahamba ngamacebo angendawo okunqula izithixo zikaOmri noAhabhi, ababelawula kwaSamari.

15. (a) Yintoni alusizi ngenxa yayo umprofeti? (b) Nguwuphi umqukumbelo ofanelekayo enawo incwadi kaMika?

¹⁵ Umprofeti ulusizi ngokonakala okungokokuziphatha kwabantu bakhe. Ewe, ‘noyena uthe tye ugqithisele nakuthango lweminga.’ (7:4) Kukho ubuqhinga phakathi kwabahlobo abasenyongweni naphakathi kwabendlu enye. UMika akaphelelwa lithemba. “Ndiya kuqwalasela kuYehova; ndiya kulindela kuThixo wokusindiswa kwam; uya kundiva uThixo wam.” (7:7) Uyabalumkisa abanye ukuba bangakuvuyeleli ukohlwaya kukaYehova abantu Bakhe, kuba intlangulo iza kufika. UYehova uya kubalusa aze abondle abantu bakhe aze abonakalise “imisebenzi ebalulekileyo” kubo, ezenza zoyike iintlanga. (7:15) Equkumbela incwadi yakhe, uMika uphinda intsingiselo yegama lakhe ngokudumisa uYehova ngenxa yenceba Yakhe evuyisayo. Ewe, ‘Ngubani na uThixo onjengoYehova?’—7:18.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE YINGENELO

16. (a) Sangqineka njani isiprofeto sikaMika siyingenelo ngomhla kaHezekiya? (b) Sinaziphi iziluleko ezinamandla ukulungiselela umhla wangoku?

¹⁶ Phantse kwiminyaka engama-2 700 eyadlulayo, ukuprofeta kukaMika kwangqineka kukokona ‘kuyingenelo ekukhalimeleni,’ kuba uKumkani uHezekiya wakwaYuda wasabela kwisigidimi sakhe waza wakhokelela uhlanga ekuguqukeni nasekuhlaziyweni konqulo. (Mika 3:9-12; Yer. 26:18, 19; thelekisa eyesi-2 yooKumkani 18:1-4.) Namhlanje esi siprofeto siphefumlelweyo sikwayingenelo nangakumbi. Khanive, nonke nina bazibiza ngokuba ningabanquli bakaThixo, izilumkiso ezicacileyo zikaMika nxamnye nonqulo lobuxoki, unqulo lwezithixo, ukuxoka nogonyamelo! (Mika 1:2; 3:1; 6:1) UPawulos uyazingqina ezi zilumkiso kweyoku-1 yabaseKorinte 6:9-11, apho athi amaKristu okwenyaniso aye acocwa nokuba akukho namnye obandakanyeka kuqheliselo olunjalo oya kubudla ilifa uBukumkani bukaThixo. Ngokulula nangokucacileyo, uMika 6:8 uthi oko akufunayo uYehova kukuba umntu ahambe Naye ngokusesikweni, ngenceba nangokuthozamileyo.

17. Unikela luphi ukhuthazo uMika kwabo bakhonza uThixo phantsi kweentshutshiso nobunzima?

¹⁷ UMika wasivakalisa esi sigidimi ebantwini ababeziintlaba zahlukane kangangokuba ‘iintshaba zomntu zazingabendlu yakhe.’ AmaKristu okwenyaniso ngokufuthi ashumayela kwiimeko ezifanayo, yaye wambi ade ahlangabezane nokungcatshwa nentshutshiso ekrakra evela kwizalamane zeentsapho zawo. Kufuneka ngawo onke amaxesha alindele ngomonde kuYehova, ‘uThixo wosindiso lwawo.’ (Mika 7:6, 7; Mat. 10:21, 35-39) Xa betshutshiswa okanye xa bejamelana nesabelo esinzima, abo ngenkalipho bathembele kuYehova, njengoMika, baya ‘kuzala ngamandla ngomoya kaYehova,’ ekuvakaliseni isigidimi Sakhe. UMika waprofeta esithi inkalipho enjalo yayiza kubonakala ngokukhethekileyo ‘kumasalela akwaYakobi.’ Aba babeza kuba ‘njengengonyama phakathi kweentlanga, phakathi kwezizwe ezininzi,’ yaye kwangaxeshanye babeza kuba njengombethe namathontsi emvula aphuma kuYehova. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezi mpawu zazibonakala ‘kumasalela akwaSirayeli (akwaYakobi)’ awaba ngamalungu ebandla lamaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala.—Mika 3:8; 5:7, 8; Roma 9:27; 11:5, 26.

18. Sisiphi isiprofeto sikaMika esiqhagamshelana nolawulo loBukumkani bukaThixo ngoKristu Yesu?

¹⁸ Ukuzalelwa kukaYesu eBhetelehem, okwakuzalisekisa isiprofeto sikaMika, akuqinisekisi ukuphefumlelwa kwale ncwadi nguThixo kuphela kodwa kukhanyisa umongo wale ndinyana njengesiprofeto sokuza koBukumkani bukaThixo obulawulwa nguKristu Yesu. UYesu ungulowo uvela eBhetelehem (Indlu Yesonka) esiza neengenelo ezinik’ ubomi kubo bonke ababonisa ukholo kwidini lakhe. Ungulowo ‘walusa enamandla kaYehova’ noba mkhulu aze azise uxolo ukusa eziphelweni zomhlaba kumhlambi kaThixo obuyiselweyo nomanyanisiweyo.—Mika 5:2, 4; 2:12; Yoh. 6:33-40.

19. (a) Luluphi ukhuthazo olushukumisa ukholo olunikelwa kwabo baphila “ekupheleni kwemihla”? (b) UMika uluphakamisa njani ulongamo lukaYehova?

¹⁹ Ukhuthazo olukhulu lufumaneka kwisiprofeto sikaMika esiphathelele ‘ukuphela kwemihla’ xa “iintlanga ezininzi” zifuna umyalelo kaYehova. “Ziwakhande, amakrele azo abe ngamakhuba, nezikhali zazo zibe zizitshetshe zokuthena imidiliya. Uhlanga aluyi kuphakamisela kuhlanga ikrele lalo, bangabi safunda ukulwa. Baya kuhlala elowo phantsi komdiliya wakhe, naphantsi komkhiwane wakhe, kungabikho uboyikisayo; kuba umlomo kaYehova wemikhosi uthethile.” Zilushiya lonke unqulo lobuxoki, zithelela uMika ekuqinisekiseni oku: “Thina ke sihamba egameni likaYehova uThixo wethu, ngonaphakade kanaphakade.” Ngokwenyaniso isiprofeto sikaMika sishukumisa ukholo ekunikeleni umbono wangaphambili wezi zinto zibalulekileyo zenzekayo. Kwakhona, sibalasele ekuphakamiseni uYehova njengoMongami noKumkani ngonaphakade. Hayi indlela achwayitisa ngayo amazwi athi: “UYehova [uya kuba] ngukumkani kubo entabeni yeZiyon, kususela ngoku kude kuse ephakadeni”!—Mika 4:1-7; 1 Tim. 1:17.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]