Incwadi YeBhayibhile 59—Yakobi

Umbhali: NguYakobi

Indawo Eyabhalelwa Kuyo: EYerusalem

Ukugqitywa Kokubhalwa Kwayo: Ngaphambi kowama-62 C.E.

 1. Yintoni ebangela ukungaqiniseki ekubeni uYakobi ungumbhali wencwadi ethiywe ngegama elithi Yakobi?

“USHIYWA ziingqondo.” (NW) Oko koko kwakucingwa zizalamane zikaYesu ngaye. Ebudeni bexesha lobulungiseleli bakhe basemhlabeni, “abazalwana bakhe bebengakholwa kuye,” yaye uYakobi, ndawonye noYosefu, uSimon noYuda, abazange babalwe njengabafundi bangaphambili bakaYesu. (Marko 3:21; Yoh. 7:5; Mat. 13:55) Ngoko, kungaziphi izizathu ekunokuthiwa, uYakobi ongumntakwabo Yesu ngonina wabhala incwadi yeBhayibhile ethiywe ngegama elithi Yakobi?

 2. Yintoni ekhokelela ekubeni kuthiwe ngumntakwabo Yesu ngonina owabhala incwadi kaYakobi?

² Ingxelo ibonisa ukuba uYesu ovusiweyo wabonakala kuYakobi, yaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo oku kwameyisela kwelokuba uYesu wayenguMesiya. (1 Kor. 15:7) IZenzo 1:12-14 zithi kwanangaphambi kwePentekoste, uMariya nabazalwana bakaYesu babehlanganisana ukuze bathandaze nabapostile kwigumbi eliphezulu eYerusalem. Kodwa ngaba asinguye omnye wabapostile owayebizwa ngokuba nguYakobi owabhala le ncwadi? Akunjalo, kuba zisuka nje umbhali wayo uyazixela, engatsho ukuba ungumpostile, kodwa esithi ‘ungumkhonzi weNkosi uYesu Kristu.’ Ngaphezu koko, amazwi entshayelelo kaYuda, ngokufana nalawo kaYakobi, akhankanya uYuda kwanaye ‘njengomkhonzi kaYesu Kristu, umzalwana ke kaYakobi.’ (Yak. 1:1; Yuda 1) Ngokusuka koku ngokuqinisekileyo sinokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba uYakobi noYuda, abantakwabo Yesu ngonina, ngabo ababhala ezi ncwadi zeBhayibhile zithiywe amagama abo.

 3. Ziziphi iimfaneleko uYakobi awayenazo zokubhala?

³ Ngokucacileyo uYakobi wayekufanelekela ukubhala incwadi yokululeka ibandla lamaKristu. Wayehlonelwa gqitha njengomveleli kwibandla laseYerusalem. UPawulos uthetha ‘ngoYakobi, umzalwana weNkosi’ njengomnye ‘wabaziintsika’ ebandleni ndawonye noKefas noYohane. (Gal. 1:19; 2:9) Ukubalasela kukaYakobi kuboniswa ngokuthi uPetros kwangoko athumele ilizwi ‘kuYakobi nabazalwana’ emva kokukhululwa kwakhe entolongweni. Yaye ngaba yayingengoYakobi kusini na owasetyenziswa njengesithethi “kubapostile nakumadoda amakhulu” xa uPawulos noBharnabhas baya eYerusalem ukuya kufuna isigqibo ngokuphathelele ulwaluko? Esi sigqibo nencwadi kaYakobi zombini ziqala ngendlela yokubulisa efanayo, ‘Siyabulisa’—enye into ebonakalisa ukuba zibhalwe ngumntu omnye.—IZe. 12:17; 15:13, 22, 23; Yak. 1:1.

 4. Yintoni ebonisa ukuba incwadi kaYakobi yabhalwa kungexesha lingakanani ngaphambi kowama-62 C.E.?

⁴ Umbhali-mbali uJosephus usixelela ukuba yayinguMbingeleli Omkhulu uHananiya, umSadusi, owabulala uYakobi ngokumxuluba ngamatye. Oku kwakusemva kokufa kwerhuluneli yaseRoma uFesto, malunga nowama-62 C.E., yaye ngaphambi kokuba ilandela lakhe, uAlbinus, lingene ezihlangwini zakhe.a Kodwa uYakobi wayibhala nini le ncwadi? UYakobi le ncwadi wayibhala eseYerusalem eyibhalela “izizwe ezilishumi elinazibini eziziintsali,” ngokoqobo, “ezo zichithachithakeleyo.” (Yak. 1:1, umbhalo osemazantsi we-NW) Kwakuya kuthabatha ixesha ukuba ubuKristu busasazeke emva kokuthululwa komoya oyingcwele ngowama-33 C.E., kwakhona, kwakuya kuthabatha ixesha, ukuvela kweemeko ezothusayo ezikhankanywe kule ncwadi. Ukongezelela, le ncwadi yalatha ukuba amaKristu ayengasengomaqela mancinane kodwa ayelungelelaniswe angamabandla ‘anamadoda amakhulu’ akhulileyo ngolwazi nawayenokuthandazela aze abaxhase ababuthathaka. Ukongezelela, kwakusekudlule ixesha elaneleyo lokuba kunyebelezele umoya wokuyekelela umxakatho nokugcinwa kwezithethe ngokungqongqo. (2:1-4; 4:1-3; 5:14; 1:26, 27) Ngoko ke, kusenokwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uYakobi wayibhala le ncwadi kamva, mhlawumbi kungexesha lingakanani ngaphambi kowama-62 C.E., ukuba ingxelo kaJosephus engeziganeko ezisondelelene nokufa kukaFesto ichanile kuquka nemithombo ethi uFesto wafa malunga nowama-62 C.E.

 5. Yintoni ebubungqina besibakala sokuba incwadi kaYakobi iyinyaniso?

⁵ Malunga nesibakala sokuba incwadi kaYakobi iyinyaniso, oko kuqulethwe ngumbhalo-ngqangi iVatican No. 1209, owaseSinayi, nowakwa-Alesandire. Ubuncinane oko kwakuqulethwe nangamacwecwe amandulo alishumi angaphambi kweBhunga laseCarthage lowama-397 C.E.b Ikwacatshulwa ngokubanzi ngababhali bangaphambili beencwadi zonqulo. Ukuvisisana nzulu komongo wayo nenxalenye yeZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo kucace gqitha kwincwadi kaYakobi.

 6. (a) Ziziphi iimeko ezabangela uYakobi abhale incwadi yakhe? (b) Kunokuba aphikisane nazo, uYakobi wongezelela njani kwiingxoxo zikaPawulos ezingokholo?

⁶ Kwakutheni ukuze uYakobi abhale le ncwadi? Ukuqwalaselwa kakuhle kwale ncwadi kubonisa ukuba iimeko zangaphakathi zazibangela ingxaki phakathi kwabazalwana. Imilinganiselo yobuKristu yayisingelwa phantsi, ewe, yayide yatyeshelwa, kangangokuba bambi baba ngabakrexezikazi abangokomoya ngenxa yokuba nobuhlobo nehlabathi. Bephikele ukuyila iimpikiswano abacinga ukuba zikho, bambi bade bathi incwadi kaYakobi ekhuthaza ukholo oluphelekwa yimisebenzi izisingela phantsi iincwadi zikaPawulos eziphathelele usindiso oluphuma elukholweni nolungaphumi emisebenzini. Noko ke, umongo wayo utyhila ukuba uYakobi wayebhekisela kukholo oluxhaswa yimisebenzi, kungekhona nje amazwi kuphela, ngoxa uPawulos ngokucacileyo ethetha imisebenzi yoMthetho. Enyanisweni, uYakobi wongezelela kwiingxoxo zikaPawulos, ethabatha unyawo ekucaciseni indlela ukholo olubonakaliswa ngayo. Isiluleko sikaYakobi sisebenziseka ngokupheleleyo ngokugubungela kwaso iingxaki zemihla ngemihla zamaKristu.

 7. UYakobi uzixelisa njani iindlela zokufundisa zikaYesu, kwaye ngawuphi umphumo?

⁷ Imizekeliso yobomi bamihla le, kuquka izilwanyana, imikhombe, abalimi notyani, zizenza zibe namandla iingxoxo zikaYakobi ezingokholo, umonde nonyamezelo. Ukuxelisa iindlela zokufundisa zikaYesu ngokuphumelelayo kwenza ukuba esi siluleko sibe namandla ngokugqithiseleyo. Le ncwadi ichukumisa ubani ngokusebenzisa kukaYakobi ingqiqo ebukhali kwiintshukumisa eziphembelela abantu ngabanye.

OKUQULETHWE YEKAYAKOBI

 8. Yintoni eya kuba ngumphumo wokunyamezela ngomonde, kodwa yintoni eya kuba ngumphumo womnqweno ombi?

⁸ Ukunyamezela ngomonde ‘njengabenzi belizwi’ (1:1-27). UYakobi uqalisa ngamazwi okhuthazo: “Kubaleleni ekuthini kuluvuyo olukhulu, bazalwana bam, xa nithe nagaxeleka ezilingweni ngezilingo.” Ngokunyamezela ngomonde, baya kwenziwa bagqibelele. Ukuba ubani uswele ubulumko, ufanele aqhubeke ebucela kuThixo, engathandabuzi, njengamaza olwandle alatyuziswa ngumoya, kodwa ekholwa. Abathobekileyo baya kuphakanyiswa, kodwa abazizityebi baya kuthi shwaka njengentyatyambo etshabalalayo. Unoyolo umntu okunyamezelayo ukulingwa, ngokuba wothi ‘asamkele isithsaba sobomi, ebabeke ngedinga iNkosi abo bayithandayo.’ UThixo akalingi mntu ngobubi obuza kubangela ukuba akhahleleke phantsi. Ngumnqweno ophosakeleyo kabani othi wakuba uthabathile uzale isono, kuze oku, kuzale ukufa.—1:2, 12, 22.

 9. Yintoni ebandakanyekileyo ekubeni “ngabenzi belizwi,” yaye luluphi uhlobo lonqulo olwamkelekileyo kuThixo?

⁹ Zivela phi zonke izipho ezihle? ‘KuYise wezikhanyiso’ ongenakuze aguquguquke. UYakobi uthi, “uthandile, wasizala ngelizwi lenyaniso, ukuze sibe yintlahlela yazo izidalwa zakhe.” Ngoko ke, amaKristu afanele enze msinya ukuva, enze kade ukuthetha, enze kade ukuqumba, yaye afanele akushenxise konke ukungcola nobubi obungokokuziphatha aze amkele ukuhlwayela kwelizwi losindiso. “Yibani ke ngabenzi belizwi, ningabi ngabaphulaphuli kodwa.” Kuba lowo uzijonga kumthetho wenkululeko onjengesipili aze agcine ukuwenza “yena uya kuba noyolo ekwenzeni kwakhe.” Unqulo lomntu ongalubambiyo ulwimi lwakhe alunto yanto. Kodwa “unqulo lona oluhlambulukileyo, olungadyobhekileyo phambi koThixo uBawo, lulo olu: kukuvelela iinkedama nabahlolokazi embandezelweni yabo; kukuzigcina engenabala kulo ihlabathi.”—1:17, 18, 22, 25, 27.

10. (a) Ziziphi izenzo zokukhetha ezimele ziphetshwe? (b) Imisebenzi nokholo zinxulumene njani?

¹⁰ Ukholo lugqibelela ngemisebenzi elungileyo (2:1-26). Abazalwana banocalucalulo, bekhetha izityebi kunamahlwempu. Kodwa ngaba akuyonyaniso ukuba ‘uThixo unyule amahlwempu eli hlabathi, ukuba abe zizityebi zokholo, neendlalifa zobukumkani’? Ngaba abo bazizityebi ababacinezeli abanye? Abazalwana bafanele bawuzalise umthetho wakomkhulu othi, “Uze umthande ummelwane wakho ngoko uzithanda ngako,” baze bakuphephe ukukhetha. Kwakhona mababe nenceba, kuba ngokuphathelele uMthetho, lowo ukhubeka komncinanana unetyala lawo wonke. Ukholo ngaphandle kwemisebenzi lufile, njengokuxelela umzalwana okanye udade osweleyo ukuba ‘othe aze ahluthe’ ngaphandle kokumnika uncedo olusebenzisekayo. Ngaba ukholo lunokubonakaliswa ngaphandle kwemisebenzi? Ngaba ukholo luka-Abraham aluzange lugqibelele ngemisebenzi yakhe ngokumnikela uIsake esibingelelweni? Ngokukwanjalo, ihenyukazi elinguRahabhi ‘lavakaliswa lililungisa ngenxa yemisebenzi.’ Ngoko ukholo olungenamisebenzi lufile.—2:5, 8, 16, 19, 25, NW.

11. (a) Kungokusebenzisa yiphi imizekeliso athi uYakobi alumkise ngokuphathelele ulwimi? (b) Ubulumko nokuqonda kunokubonakaliswa njani?

¹¹ Ukulawula ulwimi ukuba lufundise ubulumko (3:1-18). Abazalwana bafanele bakulumkele ukuba ngabafundisi, hleze bafumane umgwebo oqatha ngokwenene. Sonke siyakhubeka kaninzi. Njengokuba umkhala ulawula umzimba wehashe nomphini omncinane wokubhexa ulawula umkhombe omkhulu, ngokunjalo ilungu elincinane, ulwimi, lunamandla amakhulu. Lunjengomlilo onokutshisa ihlathi elikhulu! Izilwanyana ezidlongodlongo zinokululanyiswa nokudanjiswa ngokulula kunolwimi. Ngalo abantu badumisa uYehova, kanti baqalekisa abo bangoowabo. Oku akufanelekanga. Ngaba umthombo umpompoza amanzi akrakra namnandi? Ngaba umthi womkhiwane ungavelisa iziqhamo zomnquba? oweediliya, amakhiwane? amanzi amtyuba, amanzi amnandi? UYakobi uyabuza: “Ngubani na olumkileyo, owaziyo kakuhle phakathi kwenu?” Makayibonakalise imisebenzi yakhe ngehambo entle aze awaphephe amayelenqe, ukuqhayisa okungokwemvelo okuchasene nenyaniso. Kuba “bona ubulumko baphezulu ukuqala bunyulu, buze bube boboxolo; buyancendezela, buthozamé kakuhle, buzele yinceba neziqhamo ezilungileyo; abunankani abunaluhanahaniso.”—3:13, 17.

12. (a) Ziziphi iimeko ezingalunganga ezikhoyo ebandleni, yaye zivela phi? (b) Sisiphi isimo sengqondo esimele siphetshwe yaye luluphi uphawu olufanele luhlakulelwe ukuze kuzuzwe inkoliseko kaYehova?

¹² Zibaleke iziyolo zenyama, ubuhlobo nehlabathi (4:1-17). “Zivela phi na iimfazwe nokulwa phakathi kwenu?” UYakobi uyawuphendula lo mbuzo wakhe esithi: “Eziyolweni zenu”! Iintshukumisa zabanye azilunganga. Abo bebeya kuba ngabahlobo behlabathi ‘bangabakrexezikazi,’ kwaye baba ziintshaba zikaThixo. Ngoko ke, uyala esithi: “Mchaseni ke uMtyholi, wonibaleka. Sondelani kuye uThixo, wosondela kuni.” UYehova uya kubaphakamisa abathobekileyo. Ngoko abazalwana bafanele bayeke ukugwebana. Yaye ngenxa yokuba kungekho mntu onokuqiniseka ngobomi bakhe ukusuka kolunye usuku ukuya kolulandelayo, bafanele bathi: “Ukuba iNkosi ithe yathanda, saphila, siya kwenza le nto, nalaa nto.” Bubungendawo ikratshi, kwaye kusisono ukwazi okulungileyo uze ungakwenzi.—4:1, 4, 7, 8, 15.

13. (a) Kutheni kusithiwa mazilile izityebi? (b) UYakobi uyicacisa njani imfuneko yokuba nomonde nonyamezelo, yaye ngawuphi umphumo?

¹³ Banoyolo abo banyamezela besenza ubulungisa! (5:1-20). UYakobi uvakalisa esithi ‘lilani nenze isijwili, nina zityebi. Ukubola kobutyebi benu kuya kuba lingqina ngakuni. UYehova wemikhosi ukuvile ukuzibika kwabavuni eniye nabacinezela. Niye nahlala kubunewunewu nakwiziyolo zenyama, yaye niye namgweba naza nambulala olilungisa.’ Noko ke, ngenxa yokusondela kokufika kweNkosi, abazalwana bafanele babe nomonde, njengomlimi elindele isivuno sakhe, yaye wondeleni umzekelo wabaprofeti, “ababethetha egameni leNkosi.” Banoyolo abo banyamezeleyo! Abazalwana bafanele bakhumbule unyamezelo lukaYobhi nesigqibo sikaYehova sokuba, “iNkosi [uYehova] inemfesane enkulu, inenceba.”—5:1-6, 10, 11.

14. Sisiphi isiluleko sokuqukumbela esinikelwayo ngokuphathelele ukuxelelana izono nangokuphathelele umthandazo?

¹⁴ Mabayeke ukufunga. Kunoko, ‘uewe wabo makabe nguewe’ aze ‘uhayi wabo abe nguhayi.’ Bafanele baxelelane ngokuphandle izono zabo baze bathandazelane. Njengokuba kuboniswe yimithandazo kaEliya, “sinamandla kakhulu isikhungo selungisa.” Ukuba ubani ukhukulisiwe enyanisweni, lowo umguqulayo “woba usindise umphefumlo ekufeni, wagubungela inkitha yezono.”—5:12, 16, 20.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE YINGENELO

15. UYakobi uzisebenzisa njani iZibhalo zesiHebhere? Zekelisa.

¹⁵ Nangona uYakobi elikhankanya kabini kuphela igama likaYesu (1:1; 2:1), uzisebenzisa gqitha iimfundiso zeNkosi, njengoko uthelekiso olusondeleyo lwencwadi kaYakobi neNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni lubonisa. Kwangaxeshanye, igama likaYehova livela izihlandlo ezili-13 (New World Translation), yaye amadinga akhe agxininiswa njengemivuzo yamaKristu angabagcini bokholo. (4:10; 5:11) UYakobi ucaphula ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere ekwenzeni kwakhe imizekeliso aze acaphule ngokuthe ngqo ukuze acacise isiluleko sakhe esisebenzisekayo. Uchaza umthombo wamazwi akhe esithi: “ngokwesibhalo esithi,” “saza sazaliseka isibhalo esithi” nokuthi “isibhalo esi sifumana sisitsho na, ukuthi”; yaye uyaqhubeka esebenzisa ezi zibhalo kubomi bobuKristu. (2:8, 23; 4:5) Ukucacisa iingongoma zesiluleko nokwakha ukholo kwiLizwi likaThixo ngokuvisisanayo, uYakobi ubhekisela ngokufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi ka-Abraham yokholo, kwimbonakaliso kaRahabhi yokholo ngemisebenzi, kunyamezelo lukaYobhi lokuthembeka, nakwintembelo kaEliya emthandazweni.—Yak. 2:21-25; 5:11, 17, 18; Gen. 22:9-12; Yosh. 2:1-21; Yobhi 1:20-22; 42:10; 1 Kum. 17:1; 18:41-45.

16. Ziziphi iziluleko nezilumkiso ezinikelwa nguYakobi, yaye ubulumko obunjalo obusebenzisekayo buvela phi?

¹⁶ Esona siluleko sixabisekileyo sikaYakobi sesokuba ngabenzi belizwi size singabi ngabaphulaphuli nje kuphela, ukuhlala silungqina ukholo ngemisebenzi yobulungisa, ukuba novuyo ngoxa sinyamezela izilingo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukuqhubeka sicela ubulumko kuThixo, ukusoloko sisondela kuye ngomthandazo, nokuzalisa umthetho wakomkhulu othi, “Uze umthande ummelwane wakho ngoko uzithanda ngako.” (Yak. 1:22; 2:24; 1:2, 5; 4:8; 5:13-18; 2:8) Unikela izilumkiso ezinamandla nxamnye nemfundiso engachananga, ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngendlela eyenzakalisayo, ukukhetha ebandleni, ukuthanda iziyolo zenyama nokuthembela kubutyebi obonakalayo. (3:1, 8; 2:4; 4:3; 5:1, 5) Ukwenza kucace uYakobi ukuba úkuba sisihlobo nehlabathi kukukrexeza ngokomoya yaye kububutshaba noThixo, yaye unikela inkcazelo yonqulo olucocekileyo emehlweni kaThixo ngokuthi: “kukuvelela iinkedama nabahlolokazi embandezelweni yabo; kukuzigcina engenabala kulo ihlabathi.” (4:4; 1:27) Sonke esi siluleko, esisesisebenzisekayo nekulula ukusiqonda ngolu hlobo, sikoko kanye kunokulindelwa kule ‘ntsika’ yebandla lamaKristu lamandulo. (Gal. 2:9) Isigidimi sayo sobubele sihlala silukhokelo kumaKristu kula maxesha anobunzima, kuba ‘sibubulumko baphezulu,’ obuthi buvelise “isiqhamo ke sobulungisa.”—3:17, 18.

17. Sisiphi isizathu esinamandla esinikelwayo sokunyamezela kwimisebenzi yokuthembeka?

¹⁷ UYakobi wayexhalabele ukunceda abazalwana bakhe bafikelele usukelo lwabo lobomi kuBukumkani bukaThixo. Ngoko ubabongoza esithi: “Nyamezelani nani, zizimaseni iintliziyo zenu, ngokuba ukufika kweNkosi kusondele.” Banoyolo ukuba bahlala benyamezela izilingo kuba ukuba ngokholekileyo kuThixo kuthetha ukwamkela “isithsaba sobomi, ebabeke ngedinga iNkosi abo bayithandayo.” (5:8; 1:12) Ngaloo ndlela idinga likaThixo lesithsaba sobomi—enoba bubomi bokungafi emazulwini okanye ubomi obungunaphakade emhlabeni—ligxininiswa njengesizathu esinamandla sokunyamezela ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokuthembeka. Ngokuqinisekileyo le ncwadi emangalisayo iya kubakhuthaza bonke ukuba bafikelele usukelo lobomi obungunaphakade ezulwini okanye kwihlabathi elitsha likaYehova elilawulwa yiMbewu yoBukumkani, iNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu.—2:5.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]