Izinkuni Zokubasa—Ingabe Ikusasa Lazo Liyophelela Emlilweni?

Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eNigeria

ILANGA liyashona futhi liklwelisa isibhakabhaka saseAfrika. USampa uphekela umyeni wakhe nabantwana babo irayisi. Ukha amanzi ebhakedeni awathele ebhodweni lealuminum elifuswe yintuthu. Ngaphansi kwebhodwe kuqhumaqhuma umlilo omncane, obaselwe ngezinkuni ezintathu eziqatha.

Eduze kunqwatshelaniswe izinkuni ezengeziwe. USampa uzithenga kubantu abazilanda ezintabeni ngetilogo. Izinkuni zibalulekile. Ngaphandle kwezinkuni ngeke kubaswe. Ngaphandle komlilo ngeke ulipheke irayisi.

Indodana endala kaSampa ithi: “Uma singenazo izinkuni, asidli.” Ukhomba emizini yabantu abacebile esegqumeni. “Kuleziyazindlu, kunogesi. Kunezitofu ezisebenza ngogesi nezinye izitofu ezisebenza ngegas.” Uphendukela emlilweni, anyakazise amahlombe, futhi athi: “Thina sisebenzisa izinkuni.”

Kulokhu, baningi abanezimo ezifana nezomkhaya kaSampa. Kulabo nalabobantu abane emazweni asathuthuka, abathathu bathembele ezinkunini njengeziwukuphela komthombo wabo wamandla okupheka nokufudumala. Kodwa, kunokuntuleka okukhulu kwezinkuni.

NgokweFAO (UN Food and Agriculture Organization), izinga lenkinga yezinkuni zokubasa liyashaqisa ngempela. Abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyisigidi emazweni asathuthuka babhekene nokuntuleka kwezinkuni. Uma izimo ezikhona ziqhubeka, kalula nje lelinani lingaphindeka kabili ekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka. Ummeleli weFAO wathi: “Akusizi ngalutho ukulungiselela abampofu bomhlaba ukudla uma bentula izindlela zokukupheka.”

Kungani Zintuleka?

Kusukela ezikhathini zakudala, isintu siye sasebenzisa izinkuni ukuze sibase. Ngasiphi isizathu? Izinkuni zitholakala kalula. Akudingeki ukuba ube namathuluzi abizayo noma ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze uzitheze. Ngaphandle kokuba sezithezwe ngokweqile, ukutholakala kwazo kungasekelwa ukukhula kwezihlahla ezintsha. Ukupheka nokufudumeza ngezinkuni akudingi izitofu namaheater. Futhi ngokufanelekile, izinkuni ziyatholakala mahhala futhi zitholakala esihlahleni esiseduze. Bekuphakathi kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka adlule kuphela lapho izizwe zomhlaba ezinothile ziye zaphendukela kwezinye izinhlobo zamandla okubasa, ezinjengegas, amalahle, nowoyela. Zonke ezinye ziye zaqhubeka zisebenzisa izinkuni.

Ezinye izazi zithi imbangela yalenkinga namuhla ukwanda kwesintu okuphawulekayo. Njengoba abantu bekhula ngamanani, amahlathi ayagawulwa ukuze kwandiswe izindawo zokuhlala, kuthuthukiswe ezolimo, futhi kulungiselelwe izingodo zezimboni kanye nezokubasa. Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi okusheshayo kwenzeka entuthukweni yanoma yiliphi izwe. INyakatho Melika neYurophu yabhekana nesimo esinjalo.

Kodwa umphakathi wanamuhla ukhula ngezinga elishaqisayo. Kakade, sekunabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyizigidi ezinhlanu nengxenye kuleplanethi. Emazweni asathuthuka, imiphakathi iphindeka kabili njalo eminyakeni engu-20 kuya kwengu-30. Njengoba inani labantu landa, nesidingo sezinkuni siyanda ngokufanayo. Kunjengokungathi umphakathi usuye waba yisilo esikhulu esidla amahlathi esingasuthi, isilo esiqhubeka njalo sikhula futhi silamba nsuku zonke. Kanjalo ukutholakala kwezinkuni zokubasa kuyashwabadelwa ngaphambi kokuba kubuyiselwe. NgokweFAO, kakade abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu emazweni angu-26 abakwazi ukuthola izinkuni ezanele ukuze banakekele ngisho nezidingo zabo eziyisisekelo.

Nokho, akubona bonke abahlala emazweni antula kakhulu abathinteka ngokulinganayo. Labo abangakhona ukwenza kanjalo bamane baphendukele kwezinye izindlela zamandla okubasa, njengophalafini noma ibhodlela legas. Inkinga yezinkuni iyinkinga yabampofu, abandayo ngenani.

Ithonya Kubantu

Eminyakeni yamuva nje inani lezinkuni liye laphindeka kabili, kathathu, futhi kwezinye izindawo kane. Namuhla, amanani ayaqhubeka enyuka njengoba izindawo ezisondelene namadolobha ziqedwe ngokuphelele. Amadolobha amaningi eAsia naseAfrika manje azungezwe izindawo eziphundlwe amahlathi cishe ngokuphelele. Amanye amadolobha kumelwe alande izinkuni emabangeni angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-160.

Amanani anyukayo enezela emthwalweni walabo abampofu kakhulu kakade. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ezingxenyeni zaseMelika Ephakathi neNtshonalanga Afrika, imikhaya yabantu abasebenzayo ikhokha imali engamaphesenti angu-30 yomholo wayo ngezinkuni zokubasa. Konke okunye—ukudla, izembatho, izindlu, ezokuhamba, imfundo—kumelwe kongelwe kokusele. Kubo isisho esithi “okungena ngaphansi kwebhodwe kubiza kakhulu kunalokho okungena ebhodweni,” siyiqiniso.

Baphumelela kanjani? Lapho izinkuni zintuleka noma zibiza khona, abantu banciphisa ukudla okuphekwayo abakudlayo. Bathenga ukudla okushibhile noma okuncane, okuphumela ekunciphiseni ukudla okusesilinganisweni okudingwa umzimba. Futhi bakupheka kancane ukudla kwabo. Amagciwane nezilokazane eziphila ngabantu azifi, futhi umzimba umunca izakhi ezimbalwa. Bayahluleka ukubilisa amanzi abo okuphuza. Bathungatha noma yini engavutha.

Izigidi zabantu ziye zaphendukela ezintweni zokubasa zezinga eliphansi, njengotshani, izinhlanga, noma amalongwe. Lapho izinkuni zibiza khona futhi amalongwe engabizi, kubonakala kunengqondo ngokomnotho ukubasa amalongwe kunokuwasebenzisa njengomquba ensimini. Ngokuvamile akukho ukukhetha kulendaba. Kodwa umphumela uwukuthi inhlabathi incishwa izivundisi ezibalulekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inhlabathi ilahlekelwa ukuvunda futhi yome.

Nakuba ngokuvamile labo abahlala emaphandleni kungadingeki ukuba bakhokhele izinkuni zabo, ukuntuleka kwazo kunezela kakhulu esikhathini esisetshenziswayo zithezwa. Ezingxenyeni zaseNingizimu Melika, abesifazane basebenzisa amaphesenti ayishumi osuku lwabo betheza izinkuni. Kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika, usuku olugcwele lokutheza lulungiselela izinkuni zezinsuku ezintathu kuphela. Ngezinye izikhathi imikhaya yabela ingane eyodwa ukuba isebenze isikhathi esigcwele ithungatha okokubasa.

Ngokuvame kakhulu, izindawo zasemaphandleni ziyalahlekelwa ukuze zihlangabezane nezimfuneko zedolobha. Izinkuni ziyagawulwa futhi zithengiswe ngokushesha kunendlela ezikhula ngayo. Ngakho ukutholakala kwazo kuyancipha, futhi imikhaya ithuthela emadolobheni noma isebenzise isikhathi esiningi izithezela izinkuni.

Ngakho, izigidi zabantu zisebenzisa isikhathi nemali eningi ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zazo eziyisisekelo zamandla zokubasa. Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela? Kwabampofu kusho ukudla kancane, ukugodola, nokuphila ngaphandle kokukhanyisa ebusuku.

Lokho Okwenziwayo

Eminyakeni ethile edlule ukungathi sína kwenkinga yezinkuni kwaqala ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. IBhange Lomhlaba nezinye izinhlangano zanikela ngemali emikhankasweni yokusekelwa kwamahlathi. Nakuba lemikhankaso ingazange iphumelele yonke, kwafundwa okuningi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabonisa ukuthi ikhambi enkingeni yezinkuni kwakungekhona nje ukutshala izihlahla ezengeziwe. Enye inkinga kwakungukuthi ngezinye izikhathi abahlelayo babehluleka ukucabangela imizwa yabantu bendawo. Ngakho, kwelinye izwe laseNtshonalanga Afrika, izakhamuzi zabulala imbewu ngoba yayitshalwe emadlelweni angokwesiko.

Enye inkinga yayiwukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwamahlathi kuyindaba yesikhathi eside. Kungase kuthathe iminyaka engafinyelela kwengu-25 ngaphambi kokuba izihlahla zikwazi ukukhiqiza izinkuni zokubasa ngendlela yokukwazi ukuzivuselela. Lokhu kusho ukubambezeleka phakathi kokonga nenzuzo. Kusho futhi ukuthi ukutshala akwenzi lutho ukuze kwanelise izidingo zamanje.

Imikhankaso yokuvuselela amahlathi iyaqhubeka emazweni amaningi. Kodwa ingabe iyozanelisa izidingo zesikhathi esizayo? Izazi zamahlathi azivumi. Izihlahla zigawulwa ngokushesha kunendlela ezitshalwa kabusha ngayo. Umcwaningi weWorldwatch Institute uyabhala: “Ngeshwa, ukuzimisela kwabezombangazwe nokusetshenziswa kwamandla engcebo okudingekayo ukuze kuqedwe lomjikelezo obangelwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuyantuleka kwamaningi Amazwe Asathuthuka asezindaweni ezishisayo. Okwamanje, kutshalwa [ihekthare] elilodwa kuphela lezihlahla esikhundleni sama[hekthare] ayishumi aqothulwayo. Leligebe likhulu kakhulu eAfrika, lapho isilinganiso sokuqothulwa kwezihlahla singamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye ngokuqhathaniswa nesisodwa sezitshalwayo. [Ngonyaka] ka-2000 ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhankaselwayo zezinkuni Zamazwe Asathuthuka kuyodinga ukwanda okuphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi nantathu esilinganisweni samanje sokutshalwa kwezihlahla ezingenakusetshenziselwa izimboni.”

Amathemba Esikhathi Esizayo

Namuhla abantu abaningi abaqotho bahileleke ngenkuthalo ekuzameni ukuxazulula inkinga yokuntuleka kwezinkuni. Nokho, ngokuvamile ukulinganisela kwabo kwangesikhathi esizayo akucacile. Abacwaningi be-Earthscan bayabhala encwadini yabo ethi Fuelwood—The Energy Crisis That Won’t Go Away: “Yonke leyomikhankaso ihlangene [yokulwa nenkinga yezinkuni] ayinakukwazi ukuyenza ibe lula ngokuphelele imithwalo ukuntuleka kwezinto zokubasa nokuphakama kwamanani ezinkuni okuyoyiletha kwabampofu.” Incwadi yokufundisa yeFAO ethi The Fuelwood Crisis and Population—Africa iyaphawula: “Noma yimuphi umzamo wokuxazulula lenkinga awunakuba nalo ithuba lokuphumelela kuze kube yilapho ukwanda komphakathi kulawulwa khona.” Nokho, yona kanye lencwadi ibonisa ukuthi umphakathi uyoqhubeka nokwanda “ngoba abazali bakusasa baningi kakhulu kunabazali banamuhla. Abazali bakusasa sebezelwe kakade.”

Ngokuphambene nokubikezela okunjalo okufiphele, isiprofetho seBhayibheli sibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi uNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke uhlose ukubuyiselwa okuphelele kwePharadesi kulomhlaba. (Luka 23:43) Izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphathelene nezinkuni, umphakathi, nobumpofu azikho ngaphezu kwamandla akhe ukuba azixazulule.—Isaya 65:17-25.

Ingabe Ikusasa Lazo Liyophelela Emlilweni? Lutho neze! Ngokushesha isiprofetho esiphathelene noMdali wethu onothando siyogcwaliseka: “Uyavula isandla sakho, usuthise ukufisa kwakho konke okuphilayo.”—IHubo 145:16.

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 14]

‘Akusizi lutho ukulungiselela ukudla uma bentula izindlela zokukupheka’