Isiko Lasendulo LamaNdiya AseMelika

KUNGAKHATHALISEKI ukuthi uya kuphi ezweni, uzothola ukuthi indawo ngayinye inezayo izinto zobuciko ezenziwe ngendlela engokwesiko. Imidwebo, imifanekiso eqoshiwe, imifanekiso ebazwe ngokhuni, izitsha zobumba, noma ezinye izinto ngokuvamile zingatholakala ezitolo zezipho nezezinto eziyigugu. Ingabe wake wayithenga enye yalezi zinto ukuze uhlobise ikhaya lakho? Uma kunjalo, kungani ungahloli ubone ukuthi leyonto yenziwe kuphi ngempela. Ungamangali uma uthola ukuthi yenziwe kwelinye izwe.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izingcweti ziqopha izinhlamvu zokuqala zamagama azo ngaphansi kwezinto ezizenzile ukuze zibonise ukuthi zenziwe obani. Nokho, namuhla cishe uzothola ipheshana elinamathelayo noma isigxivizo esibonisa ukuthi leyonto ikhiqizwe ngobuningi, ayenziwanga ngobuciko besandla. Lezi zinto ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi ezifanayo ziya zithandwa kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi wobuciko ongokwesiko owenziwe ngesandla kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuwuthola. Nokho, ingabe zisengatholakala yini izinto ezenziwe ngendlela engokwesiko, ezindaweni esihlala kuzo?

Ukuvakashela Indawo Egcinelwe AmaNdiya AseMelika

Sathola ukuthi, ngokuqinisekile zingatholakala, lapho sivakashela abangane bethu abangamaNdiya aseMelika abasaqhubeka benza imisebenzi yabo yobuciko engokwesiko. Bangabesizwana samaNdiya saseSanta Clara Pueblo, esaziwa ikakhulukazi ngezitsha zaso zobumba ezenziwe bushelelezi kahle—ezinye zezitsha zobumba ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinto zabo ezenziwe ngendlela engokwesiko zihluke kakhulu ezintweni ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi ezitholakala ezitolo eziningi eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States.

Abangane bethu, uJoe no-Anita, bebelokhu benza izitsha zobumba ngendlela engokwesiko iminyaka eminingi. U-Anita waqala ukwenza izitsha zobumba nonina lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha. Enye yezinto zika-Anita iseSmithsonian Institution eWashington, D.C., embukisweni wobuCiko BamaNdiya AseMelika.

Safika emzini kaJoe no-Anita lapho nje belungela ukuqala ukwenza iqoqo elisha lezitsha zobumba. Ngakho-ke manje sase sizokwazi ukuzibonela mathupha ukuthi zenziwa kanjani. Sasike sazenza izitsha zobumba ngesikhathi esidlule. Kodwa sasizenze ngendlela yesimanje sisebenzisa izinto zokubumba, ubumba oluxutshwe namanzi, neziko. Lokho esase sizokubona kwakuyindlela yasendulo, eyayidluliselwa kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye. Abukho ubuchwepheshe besimanje kulenqubo. Yonke into iqalwa phansi.

Ukuqoqa Izithako

Okokuqala, uJoe no-Anita kwadingeka ukuba baqoqe izithako. Sahamba ngeveni yabo saya emthambekeni wegquma lapho bethola khona ubumba. Njengoba lomthambeka usendaweni egcinelwe isizwe samaNdiya, lolu bumba lungathathwa amalunga alesi sizwana kuphela, acishe abe ngu-2400 eSanta Clara Pueblo. Iningi lawo lenza izitsha zawo zobumba ngendlela engokwesiko ehlehlela emuva esikhathini sawo-1500. Lapho sifika emthambekeni, uJoe wathatha ipiki lakhe futhi waqonda emfantwini wedwala onobumba.

Lomfantu uhamba uvundle ezansi negquma. UJoe kwakudingeka ukuba alale ngohlangothi futhi ambe ngepiki kulomfantu, akhiphe izigaxa zobumba ezingalingana nezitini. Lokhu kungaba ingozi, ngoba lapho kuya kujula, kuba namathuba engeziwe okuba idwala lishone phakathi. Ngemva kokuba uJoe eseqedile ukukhipha amakhilogremu aphakathi kwangu-60 no-70 alokho abhekisela kukho ngokuthi ubumba lohlobo oluphambili kakhulu, sase silungele ukuhamba. Kodwa angikwazanga ukuzibamba, ngakho ngabuza ukuthi kungani bengakhiphi amakhulu ambalwa amakhilogremu obumba ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze kungadingeki ukuba babuye kaningi. U-Anita wasitshela: “Leyo akuyona indlela amaNdiya enza ngayo izinto.” Akhipha emhlabathini lokho azokusebenzisa ngaleso sikhathi kuphela. Kungamosheka ubumba oluningi uma luyekwa luhlale lungasetshenziswa luze luqine.

Ngemva kwalokho, saya komunye umthambeka wegquma siyothatha isihlabathi esimhlophe. Lokhu kwakulula kakhulu—kwakuwukumane nje sikhe sigcwalise ibhakede elilodwa noma amabili. Sabe sesibuyela ekhaya.

Inqubo

Ubumba luqale lucwiliswe emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lube seluhlungwa kathathu noma kane. Isihlabathi naso siyasefwa izikhathi eziningana. Ngemva kwalokho, uJoe ukuhlanganisa kokubili ndawonye lokhu kuze kulingane kahle. Akukho sikali esisetshenziswayo kulezi zinto. Kudingeka okuhlangenwe nakho. Kumelwe kube nesilinganiso esithile sesihlabathi obumbeni ukuze sisize ukuba isitsha sobumba singalahlekelwa isimo saso lapho sishiswa. Ukuthela esiningi kakhulu noma esincane kakhulu kungabangela ukuba isitsha sibe nofa noma siphuke. U-Anita wasitshela ukuthi lapho eqala ukwenza isitsha sobumba ngokwakhe, wayeye ahambise ubumba kunina ukuze unina aluzwe abese emazisa ukuthi lwalunesihlabathi esanele yini. Ngokushesha wafunda ukuzizwela ngokwakhe.

Esebenzisa izinyawo zakhe ezingafakwe lutho, uJoe waxova ubumba nesihlabathi ndawonye kwaze kwaba yilapho sekuhlangene kahle. Manje base belungele ukwenza izitsha zobumba. Azikho izinto zokubumba ezazisetshenziswa. Isitsha ngasinye sihlukile futhi silolongwa ngesandla. U-Anita uchitha amahora amaningi elolonga isitsha sakhe ngaphambi kokuba asibekele eceleni ukuze some. Lapho sesizokoma futhi sesithe ukuqina saba sezingeni elibizwa ngokuthi ukuqina kwesikhumba, kungadwetshwa kuso noma kuqoshwe ngesandla imifanekiso noma imigqa. Sibe sesiyekwa ukuba some ngokuphelele, okungase kuthathe isikhathi esifinyelela kwesingaba isonto elilodwa, kuye ngokwezinga lomswakama. Manje sesilungele ukuhlikihlwa. Lokhu kwenza ubumba lulolongeke futhi kulwenze lulungele ukwenziwa bushelelezi.

Lwenziwa bushelelezi ngesandla kusetshenziswa itshe elibushelelezi lasesiqwini somfula. Kudingeka ukuba kwenziwe ngezinga elifanele. Ukwenziwa bushelelezi ngokweqile noma kancane kakhulu, kwenza isitsha singacwebezeli ngemva kokuba sesishisiwe. Asipendwa. Inqubo yokwenza bushelelezi yiyo esenza sicwebezele kahle.

Inqubo Yokushisa Eyingqayizivele

Manje isinyathelo sokugcina: ukushisa izitsha zobumba. Ukuze benze lokhu, babasa umlilo egcekeni labo. Akukho ziko lesimanje elisetshenziswayo lapha! Uhhavini wenziwa ngokunqwabelanisa izingcezu zezinkuni zibheke phezulu futhi kubekwe izinkuni ezengeziwe phezu kwalezi ezinqwatshelanisiwe, zimiswe njengohhavini ovuleke ohlangothini ukuze kufakwe izitsha zobumba. Kube sekokhelwa ngomlilo. Ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho bayakwazi ukubona lapho umlilo ususezingeni lokushisa elifanele lokuba bafake izitsha zobumba.

Lapho isitsha sobumba sishiswa, umbala waso ongokwemvelo uba bomvu. Khona-ke, ngomzuzwana ofanele, uJoe wenza okuthile okungavamile. Unqwabelanisa ubulongwe behhashi emlilweni! Yilokhu okuguqula izitsha zobumba zibe mnyama. Lapho umoya-mpilo okuhhavini uncipha, i-iron oxide ebomvu esobumbeni iguquka ibe i-iron oxide emnyama ngenxa yezithako zamakhemikhali. Yebo, ngaso sonke isikhathi ungakwazi ukuzwa ngephunga lapho othile eshisa izitsha zobumba ezimnyama kuleyo ndawo!

Izitsha eseziqediwe zingokuthile ongaziqhenya ngakho, futhi abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke bayabuthanda ubuhle bazo. Ekuqaleni, lezi zitsha zazisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezingokoqobo, njengokugcina izithako ezihlukahlukene zasekhaya. Kwezinye izingxenye zezwe, zisasetshenziswa ngalendlela. Kodwa lesi sitsha sobumba esihle esisithengile sizosetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ikhaya lethu nokumemezela ngeqholo ukuthi sike savakashela eSanta Clara Pueblo, lapho amasiko asendulo amaNdiya aseMelika esagcinwa khona.—Inikelwe.

[Izithombe ekhasini 25]

Izigaxa zobumba ezilingana nesitini ziyambiwa

Ubumba lulolongwa ngesandla

Izitsha zobumba zishiswa kuhhavini ongokwesiko