Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ojahidada Ne-TV

I-Toronto Star ibika ukuthi i-American Academy of Pediatrics itusa ukuba izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili zingayibukeli ithelevishini. Ukucwaninga ngokukhula kobuchopho bomntwana kubonisa ukuthi abantwana nojahidada badinga ukuxhumana ngokuqondile nabazali nabanye abanakekeli. Ukubuka i-TV kungase “kuphazamise ukuxhumana okusiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono abo obuntu, angokomzwelo nawokucabanga.” Nokho, akubona bonke ochwepheshe abavumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Canadian Pediatric Society ithi ukubuka izinhlelo ezinhle ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabazali isikhathi esingengaphezu kwemizuzu engu-30 ngosuku kunikeza ingane “ithuba lokufundiswa umzali.” Nokho, zombili lezi zinhlangano ziyavuma ukuthi izingane ezincane akumelwe zibe namathelevishini noma ama-computer emakamelweni azo futhi i-TV akumelwe isetshenziswe njengomzanyana. Njengoba ukubuka i-TV kungase kuyithonye impilo yezingane, kusikiselwa ukuba “izingane zikhuthazwe ukuba zidlale ngaphandle, zifunde izincwadi noma zidlale ama-puzzle noma eminye imidlalo.”

Ukukhungatheka Emsebenzini

Kungani abanye abantu beba nezinhliziyo ezincane noma baze balwe emsebenzini? Ngokwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseToronto, uSam Klarreich, isizathu kungase kungabi nje ukucindezeleka kuphela kodwa nokungakwazi ukubekezelela ukukhungatheka. Ukholelwa ukuthi lesi simo senzeka kwezinye izisebenzi ezinomuzwa wokuthi “zicelwa ukuba zizikhandle ngokweqile kuyilapho umvuzo ungalingani nalokho kuzikhandla,” kubika iphephandaba i-Globe and Mail. UKlarreich uxwayisa ngokuthi intukuthelo ethatha isikhathi eside “iyisimo esilimazayo kakhulu ngokomzwelo” esingabangela unhlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo. Ukhuthaza izisebenzi ukuba zifunde ukwamukela ukukhungatheka nokuhlala phansi nabaqashi bazo zixoxe ngesizotha ngokuthi ungakanani umsebenzi ezingase zikwazi ukuwenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uKlarreich weluleka abaqashi ukuba baqaphele izisebenzi ezibonakala zikhandlekile futhi bazisize kakhudlwana, baziphungulele omunye umsebenzi noma basikisele ukuba zithathe usuku lokuphumula.

Ukucula Kukwenza Uzizwe Kangcono

Iphephandaba laseJalimane i-Stuttgarter Nachrichten libika ukuthi ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukucula kukhulula amakhemikhali engqondweni akwenza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ujabule. Abacwaningi bathi ukucula kwenza “ama-molecule emizwelo” anyakaze ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke, “kuthiwa ukucula akuyivezi nje kuphela imizwa kodwa kuyayakha,” kusho lo mbiko. Othisha bomculo baphawula ukuthi abantu abaningi namuhla banomuzwa wokuthi ukucula “kuyisidala” noma amazwi abo awamahle, ngakho-ke ukucula bakushiyela kwabezokuzijabulisa. Kodwa lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu bayazuza uma becula bona ngokwabo.

Ukuntshontshwa Kwezitshalo

I-Siegener Zeitung ibika ukuthi ezifundazweni eziningana zaseJalimane, abalimi bakhononda ngezinga eliphezulu lokuntshontshwa kwezitshalo. Amasela asina azibethele kokhukhumba, abagcwalise amabhakede futhi agcwalise amaveni amancane ngenqwaba yama-asparagus. Kwesinye isenzakalo antshontsha izithombo ze-strawberry ezingu-7 000. Nakuba abanye bengase bantshontshe ukudla ngenxa yezimo zezimali eziya ziba zimbi, abanye bakubheka njengomdlalo. Abalimi babika ukuthi babona “yonke inhlobo yemoto” eduze namasimu okwakwebiwe kuwo. Amasimu avame ukuba kude nalapho kuhlala khona abanikazi bawo, futhi amasela aba nesibindi nakakhulu kula masimu. Omunye umxhumanisi wasikisela ukuba abalimi bamboze izitshalo zabo ngomanyolo ukuze amasela aphele amandla.

Abathanda Ukuzihlanganisa Nabantu Bangase Baphile Isikhathi Eside

Ngokokuhlola okusha okwenziwa yiHarvard University, abantu abadala abenza izinto ezibahlanganisa nabantu, njengokuya esontweni, ezitolo zokudla, emidlalweni nakumabhayisikobho, baphila isilinganiso seminyaka emibili nesigamu ngaphezu kwalabo abangonkom’ idla yodwa. Sekuyisikhathi eside kucatshangwa ukuthi ukwenza izinto ezinjalo kusiza abantu, kusho uThomas Glass waseHarvard, owayehola lolu cwaningo. Nokho, wanezela ukuthi lolu cwaningo lunikeza “mhlawumbe ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda esisabutholile kuze kube manje bokuthi ukuba nenjongo ekuphileni uma usumdala kuyakwandisa ukuphila.” UGlass waphawula ukuthi ukwenza okwengeziwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini, kwandisa ukuphila cishe kubo bonke.

Imikhumbi Emidala Kunayo Yonke Eyacwila

Umagazini wesiFulentshi i-Sciences et avenir ubika ukuthi izazi zezinto zasolwandle ziye zathola imikhumbi emibili yabantu basePhoenicia eyacwila cishe ngo-750 B.C.E. Umkhumbi ongamamitha angu-15 nomunye ongawu-18, esogwini lwakwa-Israel endaweni ejule cishe ngamamitha angu-500, yiyo emidala kunayo yonke eyake yatholwa olwandle. Le mikhumbi yayisuke ethekwini laseTyre ithwele imigqomo yobumba yewayini, mhlawumbe ilibangise eGibithe noma edolobheni laseCarthage eliseNyakatho Afrika. Njengoba ecashunwe kuyi-International Herald Tribune, owathola le mikhumbi, uRobert Ballard, waphawula: “Ukujula kakhulu okusolwandle, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya kwelanga, umfutho omkhulu kubonakala sengathi kulondoloza umlando kakhulu kunalokho esasikucabanga.” Abacwaningi bathi lokhu okutholakele “kungasiza ekuvuleni umkhakha omusha wocwaningo ngezinto zakudala ezisolwandle.”

Into Ehamba Phambili Ekwenza Uphumule

Ekuhloleni kwakamuva, abantu abangu-1 000 emazweni angu-30 ahlukene babuzwa ukuthi iyiphi into abayikhethayo ukuze banciphise ukucindezeleka. Emhlabeni wonke, amaphesenti angu-56 alabo okwaxoxwa nabo abonisa ukuthi umculo uhamba phambili, kubika ingosi yezindaba i-Reuters. ENyakatho Melika, bangamaphesenti angu-64 abathi umculo uhamba phambili, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangamaphesenti angu-46 abase-Asia esathuthuka. Sekukonke, ukubuka i-TV kwaba okwesibili, kwalandelwa ukugeza kubhavu noma eshaweni. UTom Miller, umqondisi wokuhlola okwenziwa yi-Roper Starch Worldwide, wathi: “Uma ucabanga ngezindleko zomculo nokutholakala kwawo emsakazweni, kuyi-TV, imishini yokudlala ama-CD, i-Internet neminye imigudu eminingi, akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye ezweni balalela umculo ukuze baphumule.”

Ubumpofu—Inkinga Yomhlaba Wonke

Umongameli we-World Bank, uJames D. Wolfensohn, muva nje uzwakalise ukukhathazeka ngobumpofu obandayo ezweni. UWolfensohn uphawule ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha emhlabeni isaphila ngobumpofu obukhulu, kubika iphephandaba i-Jornada laseMexico City. Wanezela ukuthi isigamu sabantu abasemhlabeni baphila ngemali engaphansi kwamaRandi ayishumi ngosuku; futhi abantu abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane baphila ngengaphansi kwamaRandi amahlanu. Nakuba eziqhenya ngentuthuko eyenziwa yi-World Bank ekulweni nobumpofu, uWolfensohn wanikeza izibalo ezibonisa ukuthi le nkinga yandé kakhulu futhi isekude nokunqotshwa. Wathi: “Kufanele siqaphele ukuthi ubumpofu buyinkinga yomhlaba wonke.”

Uma Ungabaza, Kulahle

Okunye ukukhunta, njengalokho okutholakala kuyi-blue cheese kuphephile ukukudla. Kodwa okunye kungaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanempilo ebuthakathaka, kuxwayisa i-UC Berkeley Wellness Letter. Isikhunta esisesinkweni nasemikhiqizweni yokusanhlamvu siphakathi kwesinobuthi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile isikhunta esibonakalayo sinemicu esazimpande engena ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthi obukhishwa yisikhunta ngeke bubulawe ukupheka. I-Wellness Letter itusa lokhu:

◼ Faka ukudla esiqandisini uma kungenzeka, futhi ukusebenzise ngaphambi kokuba kukhunte.

◼ Zilahle izithelo ezincane ezikhuntile njengama-berry noma amagilebhisi. Geza isithelo lapho usuzosidla kuphela, ngoba umswakamo ubangela isikhunta.

◼ Izindawo ezincane ezinesikhunta zezithelo noma imikhiqizo eqinile, emikhulu njengama-apula, amazambane, u-cauliflower, noma u-anyanisi, zingase zisikwe kahle. Izithelo ezithambile ezinesikhunta, njengamapentshisi noma amakhabe kumelwe zilahlwe.

◼ Ungase usindise ingxenye kashizi oqinile onesikhunta ngokusika ingxenye engaphandle ekhuntile okungenani ngamasentimitha amabili kuya kwamathathu. Kodwa wulahle ushizi othambile uma ukhuntile ne-yogurt, kanye nesinkwa, inyama, ukudla okusalile, amantongomane nebhotela lamantongomane, usulubha nojamu okhuntile.

Indlela Yokosa Enempilo

Iphephandaba laseCanada i-National Post lithi: “Inyama engavuthwangwa ibilokhu ibangela ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kokudla, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva, ukupheka ukudla kuvuthwe kakhulu—ikakhulukazi ukushisa nokosa inyama ebomvu, inyama yenkukhu nenhlanzi ngemuva kwendlu—kuhlanganiswa nosongo lokuphila oluthatha isikhathi eside.” Uma inyama iphekwe ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu, kwakheka izakhi ezibanga umdlavuza ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-heterocyclic amine (HCA). Lo mbiko usikisela ukuthi ukusebenzisa uketshezi lokuyithambisa oluhlanganisa “izakhi ezine-asidi, njengojuzi kalamula, wewolintshi noma uviniga,” kungase kwenze ukosa kuphephe. Lapho behlola kaningana, abacwaningi be-American Institute for Cancer Research “bathola ukuthi ukudla okufakwe uketshezi lokuthambisa kwakunama-HCA angaphansi ngo-92% kuya ku-99% kunalokho okwakungafakwanga—futhi kwakungenzi mehluko ukuthi yayifakwe kulolo ketshezi imizuzu engu-40 noma izinsuku ezimbili.”