Ukwenza Ukukhulelwa Kwakho Kuphephe

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EMEXICO

NGOKOMBIKO we-United Nations Population Fund, minyaka yonke kufa abesifazane abangaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi ngezinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) iphawula ukuthi minyaka yonke abesifazane abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-60 baba nezinkinga zempilo ezingathí sina ezidalwa ukukhulelwa nokuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabo iba namaxhwala noma nezifo ezophila nazo ukuphila konke. Emazweni asathuthuka abesifazane abaningi babambeke emjikelezweni ongapheli wokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, ukungazinaki bona, obashiya bekhathele bephelile futhi begula. Yebo, ukukhulelwa kungakulimaza—kuze kube ngisho nayingozi. Kukhona yini owesifazane angakwenza ukuze enze ukukhulelwa kwakhe kuphephe?

Ukunakekela Impilo Ngaphambi Kokukhulelwa

Ukuhlela. Kungase kudingeke ukuba amadoda nabafazi baxoxe ngokuthi bafuna ukuba nezingane ezingaki. Emazweni asathuthuka kuyinto evamile ukubona abesifazane abanezingane ezisezincane bencelisa usana bebe bekhulelwe futhi. Ukuhlela okuhle nokucabangelana kungase kunikeze ithuba lokuba kube nesikhawu ekwelamaniseni izingane, okungamphumuza owesifazane, akwazi ukululama ngemva kokubeletha.

Ukudla okunomsoco. Ngokwe-Coalition for Positive Outcomes in Pregnancy, owesifazane, ngaphambi kokuba akhulelwe, udinga okungenani izinyanga ezine ukuze umzimba uzihlanze ezintweni eziyingozi abechayeke kuzo futhi wakhe nenqolobane eyanele yokudla okunomsoco. Ngokwesibonelo, amathuba okuba ingane izalwe ine-spina bifida, isimo esibangelwa iphutha lokungavaleki kahle kwe-neural tube, ancipha kakhulu lapho umama okhulelwe ene-folic acid eyanele. Njengoba i-neural tube yehlule ivaleka phakathi nosuku lwama-24 nolwama-28 ngemva kokuba owesifazane ebambile—isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba abesifazane abaningi baqaphele ukuthi bakhulelwe—abanye besifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa badla izinto ezizothasisela i-folic acid.

Esinye isakhi esibaluleke kakhulu okusansimbi. Ngempela owesifazane udinga okusansimbi ngokuphindwe kabili lapho ekhulelwe. Uma lokho okugcinwe umzimba wakhe kunganele—okuyinto evamile kwabesifazane abaningi emazweni asathuthuka—angase abe nenkinga yokuntula igazi ebangelwa ukungabi nokusansimbi okwanele. Lesi simo singaba sibi nakakhulu uma ezokhulelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngoba owesifazane angase angabi nesikhawu sokwandisa inqolobane yakhe yokusansimbi phakathi nalokho kukhulelwa kaningi.a

Iminyaka yobudala. Amathuba okufa kwamantombazane akhulelwe aneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-16 makhulu ngamaphesenti angu-60 kunamantombazane aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 maningana amathuba okuba bathole izingane ezizalwa zinezinkinga, njenge-Down’s syndrome. Omama abakhulelwa besebancane kakhulu noma sebebadala kakhulu bavame ukuhlushwa yinkinga yobuthi egazini. Le nkinga, ebonakala ngokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngemva kwesonto lama-20 owesifazane ekhulelwe, ngokudumba kanye nokuba nesilinganiso esiphakeme samaprotheni emchamweni, yandisa amathuba okufa kokubili osaneni nakunina.

Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zomgudu womchamo, zesibeletho nezamathumbu zingagunya ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi zingandisa amathuba okubeletha kungakabi yisikhathi nawokuba nobuthi egazini. Kungcono kabi ukuba noma yisiphi isifo esithathelwanayo selashwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Ukunakekela Impilo Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Ukuyinakekela ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ukuya kudokotela njalo ngesikhathi uzithwele kuyayinciphisa ingozi yokufa komama. Ngisho nasemazweni lapho imitholampilo nezibhedlela kungafinyeleleki khona kalula, bangase babe khona ababelethisi abaqeqeshwe kahle.

Ukuhlolwa njalo ngaphambi kokubeletha kungenza izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe zibone izimo ezingenza kudingeke ukuba unakekelwe ngokukhethekile. Lezi zihlanganisa ukubona uma ukhulelwe ingane engaphezu kweyodwa, ukubona umfutho wegazi ophakeme, inkinga yenhliziyo neyezinso, nesifo sikashukela. Kwamanye amazwe owesifazane okhulelwe angase anikezwe umjovo we-tetanus toxoid kugonyelwa usana ukuba lungangenwa isifo somhlathi-ngqi lapho seluzelwe. Angase futhi ahlolwe uma enamagciwane esifo se-streptococcus sohlobo B phakathi nesonto lama-26 nelama-28 ezethwele. La magciwane, uma ekhona kupopopo, angase asuleleke enganeni ngesikhathi ibelethwa.

Ozoba umama kufanele akulungele ukunikeza izisebenzi zezempilo lonke ulwazi analo eziludingayo, kuhlanganise nomlando wempilo yakhe. Kufanele futhi akhululeke ukubuza imibuzo. Kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka opha, noma evuvukala ebusweni kungazelelwe, ephathwa ikhanda elibi noma eliphikelelayo noma ezwa ubuhlungu eminweni, uma amehlo akhe efiphala noma engaboni kahle ngokungazelelwe, eba namahlaba anamandla esiswini, enenkinga yokubuyisa okungapheli, ukugodola noma ukushisa komzimba, umbungu uqala ukunyakaza ngendlela engavamile nangamandla, ukucucuza, ubuhlungu uma echama noma ukungabi nawo umchamo ngokungavamile.

Utshwala nezidakamizwa. Uma umama ephuza utshwala noma esebenzisa izidakamizwa (kuhlanganise nogwayi) wandisa amathuba okuba ingane yakhe iphazamiseke emqondweni noma ikhubazeke emzimbeni, iziphathe ngendlela exakile. Kuyaziwa ngisho nokuthi izingane zomama abayimilutha yezidakamizwa ziba nezimpawu zokuqalekela izidakamizwa. Nakuba abanye bekholelwa ukuthi ukuphuza ingilazi yewayini ngokwethukela akuyona ingozi, ngokuvamile ochwepheshe batusa ukuba ungabuthinti nhlobo utshwala ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Omama abakhulelwe kufanele futhi baqaphele ingozi yokuhogela intuthu kagwayi.

Imithi. Akufanele uphuze imithi ngaphandle kokuba uyalezwe ngokuqondile udokotela owaziyo ukuthi ukhulelwe futhi oye wazicabangela zonke izingozi ezingaba khona. Izithasiselo ezithile zamavithamini nazo zingaba yingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uvithamini A emningi ngokweqile, angabangela ukukhubazeka embungwini.

Ukuzimuka. Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele agweme ukweqisa. Ngokwe-Krause’s Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy, amathuba okuba usana oluzalwe lunesisindo esiphansi kunesivamile lufe maningi ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-40 kunawosana oluzalwe lunesisindo esifanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzitshela ukuthi udlela abantu ababili kumane kukwenze ukhuluphale ngokweqile. Ukuzimuka ngokufanele—okuba sobala kusukela enyangeni yesine ukhulelwe—kubonisa ukuthi umama okhulelwe udla okwanele izidingo zakhe esezandile.b

Inhlanzeko nezinye izinto ezidinga ukucatshangelwa. Owesifazane okhulelwe angageza kubhavu noma eshaweni ngendlela evamile, kodwa akufanele achathe ngaphambili. Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele agweme abantu abanezifo ezithathelwanayo zohlobo lwama-virus, njenge-German measles. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukuze avikele ukungena kobuthi egazini, kumelwe agweme ukudla inyama engavuthiwe kahle akugweme ngokuphelele nokuthinta indle yamakati. Izinqubo zenhlanzeko eziyisisekelo, njengokugeza izandla nokugeza ukudla okungaphekiwe zibalulekile. Ngokuvamile ukuya ocansini lapho ukhulelwe akuyona ingozi, ngaphandle kwasemasontweni okugcina okukhulelwa noma uma kwenzeka wopha, uba nenkwantshu noma uma uke waphuphunyelwa isisu ngaphambili.

Ukubeletha Ngaphandle Kwezinkinga

Owesifazane ozinakekelayo ngesikhathi ekhulelwe akuvamile ukuba abe nezinkinga lapho ebeletha. Njengokulindelekile, usuke esehlelile ukuthi ukhetha ukubelethela ekhaya noma esibhedlela. Ngokwezinga elifanele usuke esazi futhi ukuthi yini ezokwenzeka nokuthi angabambisana kanjani nombelethisi onekhono noma udokotela, naye ozobe azi ngezinto ezithandwa yilo wesifazane azikhethe ngokuqonda—lapho izimo zivuma khona—ezindabeni ezinjengokuthi ukhetha ukubeletha ekusiphi isimo somzimba, angathanda yini ukusikwa ukuze kukhuliswe umlomo wesizalo, ukuba kusetshenziswe izindlawu zokubelethisa, iziqedanhlungu, nomshini obhekele impilo yosana. Kumelwe futhi kuvunyelwane nangezinye izindaba ezinjengokuthi: Uma ukubelethela ekhaya kuba nezinkinga, kuyoyiwa kusiphi isibhedlela noma umtholampilo? Yikuphi ngokuthé ngqo okuyokwenziwa uma kwenzeka opha kakhulu? Njengoba omama abaningi befa ngenxa yokopha lapho bebeletha, kumelwe ukuba izinto ezingase zisetshenziswe esikhundleni segazi zibe zimi ngomumo ukuze zisetshenziswe ezigulini ezingakwamukeli ukumpontshelwa igazi. Kumelwe kucatshangelwe kusengaphambili nokuthi yini eyokwenziwa uma kudingeka abelethe ngokuhlinzwa.

IBhayibheli lithi abantwana bayisibusiso esivela kuNkulunkulu, “bayifa.” (IHubo 127:3) Lapho owesifazane enolwazi oluningi ngokukhulelwa kwakhe, kumhambela kangconywana. Ngokuzinakekela ngaphambi kokuba akhulelwe nalapho esekhulelwe nangokucabangisisa ngokwanele ngezici ezihlukahlukene zokubeletha, owesifazane uyobe enza konke angakwenza ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwakhe kuyoba okuphephile.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 14]

AMACEBISO KWABESIFAZANE ABAKHULELWE

● Ngokuvamile ukudla kwansuku zonke kowesifazane okhulelwe kufanele kuhlanganise izithelo, imifino (ikakhulukazi eluhlaza kakhulu, ephuzi nebomvu), ubhontshisi, usoya, udali, nophizi omkhulu, okusanhlamvu (kuhlanganise ukolweni, ummbila, amabele, nebhali—kutuswa ukuba kube okungagayiwe noma kube okunothisiwe), ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni (inhlanzi, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, amaqanda, ushizi nobisi, kutuswa olwenguliwe). Kutuswa ukuba ulinganisele ngokuphathelene namafutha, ushukela ocolisakele, nosawoti. Phuza amanzi amaningi. Gwema iziphuzo ezine-caffeine kanye nokudla okunezivimbela kubola nezinto ezithasiselwe (njengezinongo noma odayi bokudla). Ukudla isitashi sezingubo, inhlabathi, nezinye izinto ezingadliwa kungenza umzimba ungondleki futhi kufake ubuthi.

● Qaphela izinto ezingaba yingozi endaweni okuyo, njengokuchayeka ngokweqile emisebeni yama-X-ray namakhemikhali ayingozi. Linganisela ekusebenziseni kwakho izifutho nezinye izinto zasendlini. Gwema ukuba umzimba wakho ushise ngokweqile ngokuzichaya emazingeni okushisa aphakeme noma ngokuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile. Gwema ukuma isikhathi eside nokusebenza ngokuzikhandla ngokweqile. Bopha ibhande lokuphepha emotweni ngendlela elungele umuntu okhulelwe.