Umbono Wakho Ngomphefumulo Uyakuthinta Ukuphila Kwakho
“Umuntu waba-kanjalo umphefumulo ophilayo.”—GENESISE 2:7.
1, 2. Yini izinkolo eziningi eziyikholelwayo ngomuntu nangomphefumulo?
CISHE zonke izinkolo zifundisa ukuthi umuntu unomphefumulo ongafi. INew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi umphefumulo “udalwa uNkulunkulu futhi ufakwa emzimbeni ekukhulelweni.” Ithi futhi imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo “ingenye yezisekelo” zamasonto eLobukholwa. Ngokufanayo, “umqondo wamaMuslim” ngokusho kweNew Encyclopædia Britannica “uwukuthi umphefumulo wakheka ngasikhathi sinye nomzimba; ngemva kwalokho, uziphilele ukuphila kwawo wodwa, futhi ukuhlangana kwawo nomzimba kuyisimo sesikhashana.”
2 Izinkolo ezinjalo zikholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo ushiya umzimba lapho umuntu efa futhi uyaqhubeka uphila phakade, ungaphelela enjabulweni enkulu yasezulwini, uhlale isikhashana esihlanzweni, noma uhlushwe phakade esihogweni somlilo. Ukufa kubhekwa njengomnyango oya ekuphileni okuphakade endaweni yomoya. Njengoba omunye umbhali asho encwadini ethi We Believe in Immortality: “Ngibheka ukuFa njengesenzakalo esikhulu esihle kakhulu. Ngibheka ukuFa njengokukhushulwa esikhundleni okuvela phezulu.”
3. Iyini inkolelo yezinkolo ezihlukahlukene zaseMpumalanga?
3 AmaHindu, amaBuddha, nabanye bakholelwa enkolelweni yokuthuthela komphefumulo komunye umzimba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inkolelo yokuthi ekufeni umphefumulo uyaphinda uzalwe njengomunye umuntu noma enye into ephilayo. Uma umuntu ebelungile, kuthiwa umphefumulo wakhe uyobuye uzalwe njengomuntu osesikhundleni esiphakeme. Kodwa uma ebemubi, uyozalwa njengomuntu osesikhundleni esiphansi ngisho nanjengesilwane noma isinambuzane.
4, 5. Kungani kubalulekile ukwazi iqiniso ngomphefumulo?
4 Nokho, kuthiwani uma abantu bengenayo imiphefumulo engafi? Kuthiwani uma ukufa kungekhona “[u]kukhushulwa esikhundleni okuvela phezulu,” kungewona umnyango oholela ekuphileni okuphakade komoya noma ekuphindeni ukuzalwa kwabo bonke abafayo? Khona-ke inkolelo yokungafi komphefumulo ibiyomdukisa umuntu. Incwadi ethi Official Catholic Teachings ithi isonto ligcizelela inkolelo yokungafi komphefumulo ngoba ukungayikholelwa “kuyokwenza imithandazo yalo, amasiko alo omngcwabo nezenzo ezingokwenkolo ezenzelwa abafile kube okungasho lutho noma okungahlakaniphile.” Ngakho inkambo yomuntu yokuphila, yokukhulekela, nekusasa laphakade kuhilelekile.—IzAga 14:12; Mathewu 15:9.
5 Kubalulekile ukwazi iqiniso ngalenkolelo. UJesu wathi: “Abakhuleka [kuNkulunkulu] bafanele ukukhuleka ngomoya nangeqiniso.” (Johane 4:24) Iqiniso ngomphefumulo womuntu litholakala eZwini likaNkulunkulu, iBhayibheli. ImiBhalo ephefumlelwe iqukethe ukwambulwa kwezinjongo zikaNkulunkulu, ngakho-ke singaqiniseka ukuthi lisitshela iqiniso. (1 Thesalonika 2:13; 2 Thimothewu 3:16, 17) UJesu lapho ethandaza kuNkulunkulu wathi: “Izwi lakho liyiqiniso.”—Johane 17:17.
Ingabe Wadalwa Enomphefumulo Ongafi?
6. Ukulandisa kukaGenesise kusitshelani ngokucacile ngokudalwa komuntu?
6 UGenesise 2:7 uyasitshela: “UJehova uNkulunkulu wambumba umuntu ngomhlabathi, waphefumulela emakhaleni akhe umoya wokuphila; umuntu waba-kanjalo umphefumulo ophilayo.” Ukulandisa akusho ukuthi uNkulunkulu wafaka kumuntu umphefumulo ongafi. Kulandisa ukuthi lapho amandla kaNkulunkulu enza umzimba ka-Adamu ube namandla, “waba-kanjalo umphefumulo ophilayo.” Ngakho umuntu ungumphefumulo. Akanawo umphefumulo.
7. Kungani abantu babekwa emhlabeni?
7 UNkulunkulu wadala uAdamu ukuba aphile emhlabeni, hhayi ezulwini. Umhlaba wawungeyona nje indawo yokuhlola ukuze kubonwe ukuthi uAdamu wayekufanelekela yini ukuya ezulwini. UNkulunkulu wakha umhlaba “ukuba kuhlalwe kuwo,” futhi uAdamu wayengumuntu wokuqala ukuba ahlale kuwo. (Isaya 45:18; 1 Korinte 15:45) Kamuva, lapho uNkulunkulu edala uEva njengomka-Adamu, injongo kaNkulunkulu ngabo yayiwukuba bagcwalise umhlaba ngabantu futhi bawenze ube yipharadesi njengekhaya laphakade lesintu.—Genesise 1:26-31; IHubo 37:29.
8. (a) Ukuba khona kuka-Adamu kwakunamuphi umbandela? (b) Ukuba uAdamu akonanga, wayeyoqhubeka ephila kuphi?
8 Akukho-ndawo lapho iBhayibheli lisho khona ukuthi ingxenye ka-Adamu yayingafi. Ngokuphambene, ukuba khona kwakhe kwakunombandela, kuxhomeke ekulaleleni umthetho kaNkulunkulu. Uma ayewuphula lowomthetho, kwakuyokwenzekani? Ingabe wayeyophila phakade endaweni yomoya? Lutho neze. Kunalokho, ‘wayeyokufa nokufa.’ (Genesise 2:17) Wayeyophindela lapho avela khona: “Ngokuba ungumhlabathi, uyakuphenduka umhlabathi.” (Genesise 2:7; 3:19) Ngaphambi kokuba adalwe uAdamu wayengekho, futhi wayeyoba ongekho ngemva kokufa. Ngakho kwakumelwe akhethe phakathi kokubili kuphela: (1) Ukulalela futhi aphile noma (2) ukungalaleli futhi afe. Ukuba uAdamu akonanga, wayeyoqhubeka ephila emhlabeni phakade. Wayengeke aye ezulwini.
9. Ngokufanelekile iBhayibheli likubiza ngokuthi kuyini ukufa, futhi ngani?
9 UAdamu akalalelanga, ngakho wafa. (Genesise 5:5) Ukufa kwakuyisijeziso sakhe. Kwakungewona umnyango oya ‘esenzakalweni esihle kakhulu’ kodwa kwakuwumnyango oya ekungabini khona. Kanjalo, ukufa akuyena umngane kodwa kuyilokho iBhayibheli elikubiza ngokuthi, “isitha.” (1 Korinte 15:26) Ukuba uAdamu wayenomphefumulo ongafi owawuyoya ezulwini ukuba wayelalelile, khona-ke ukufa kwakuyoba isibusiso. Kodwa kwakungesona. Kwakuyisiqalekiso. Futhi ngesono sika-Adamu, isiqalekiso sokufa senabela kubo bonke abantu ngoba bonke bayinzalo yakhe.—Roma 5:12.
10. Iyiphi inkinga engathi sína ephakamayo ekukholelweni ukuthi uAdamu wayenomphefumulo ongafi?
10 Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba uAdamu wayedalwe enomphefumulo ongafi owawuyohlushwa phakade esihogweni somlilo uma ona, kungani engaxwayiswanga ngalokhu? Kungani atshelwa ukuthi wayeyokufa futhi aphindele othulini kuphela? Yeka ukuthi kwakuyoba okungalungile kanjani ukulahlela uAdamu ekuhlushweni kwaphakade ngenxa yokungalaleli, kodwa engaxwayiswa ngakho! Nokho, uNkulunkulu ‘akanakonakala.’ (Duteronomi 32:4) Sasingekho isidingo sokuxwayisa uAdamu ngesihogo somlilo lapho kwakuya khona imiphefumulo engafi yababi. Isihogo esinjalo sasingekho, nemiphefumulo engafi yayingekho. (Jeremiya 19:5; 32:35) Akukho kuhlushwa kwaphakade othulini lomhlabathi.
Ukusebenzisa KweBhayibheli Igama Elithi “Umphefumulo”
11. (a) EBhayibhelini igama lesiZulu elithi “umphefumulo” livela kuliphi igama lesiHeberu nelesiGreki? (b) IKing James Version ilihumusha kanjani igama lesiHeberu nelesiGreki asho “umphefumulo”?
11 EmiBhalweni YesiHeberu, igama lesiNgisi elithi “soul” (ngesiZulu “umphefumulo”) livela egameni lesiHeberu elithi neʹphesh, elivela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-750. Elifana nalo emiBhalweni YesiGreki lithi psy·kheʹ, elivela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-100. INew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures ngokungaguquki ihumusha lamagama ngokuthi “umphefumulo.” Amanye amaBhayibheli kungenzeka asebenzisa amagama ahlukahlukene. Ezinye zezindlela iKing James Version ehumusha ngazo igama elithi neʹphesh ziwukuthi: isifiso sokudla, isilwane, umzimba, ukuphefumula, isidalwa, isidumbu, isifiso, inhliziyo, ukuphila, indoda, ingqondo, umuntu, ubuqu, umphefumulo, into. Futhi ihumusha elithi psy·kheʹ ngokuthi: inhliziyo, ukuphila, ingqondo, umphefumulo.
12. IBhayibheli lilisebenzisa kanjani igama lesiHeberu nelesiGreki asho “umphefumulo”?
12 IBhayibheli libiza izidalwa zasolwandle ngokuthi neʹphesh: ‘Yonke [imiphefumulo, NW] ephilayo esemanzini.’ (Levitikusi 11:10) Leligama lingabhekisela ezilwaneni zasezweni: “Umhlaba mawuveze izilwane eziphilayo [imiphefumulo ephilayo, NW] ngezinhlobo zazo, izinkomo, nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo nezilo.” (Genesise 1:24) Amakhulu ezikhathi igama elithi neʹphesh lisho abantu. “Bonke abantu [imiphefumulo, NW] abaphuma okhalweni lukaJakobe babengabantu [imiphefumulo, NW] abangamashumi ayisikhombisa.” (Eksodusi 1:5) Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwelithi psy·kheʹ ngalendlela sikweyoku-1 Petru 3:20 (NW). Ilandisa ngomkhumbi kaNowa, “okwasindiswa ngawo abantu abambalwa, okungukuthi, imiphefumulo eyisishiyagalombili, emanzini.”
13. IBhayibheli lilisebenzisa ngaziphi izindlela igama elithi “umphefumulo”?
13 IBhayibheli lisebenzisa igama elithi “umphefumulo” ngezinye izindlela eziningi. U-2 Samuweli 11:11 uthi: “Kuphila kwakho nokuphila komphefumulo wakho.” Lapha umphefumulo kuthiwa unokuphila. UDuteronomi 12:20 uthi: “Umphefumulo wakho ufisa ukudla inyama.” Kulendaba umphefumulo kuthiwa uyadla. UNumeri 30:2 ukhuluma ngomuntu ‘obopha umphefumulo wakhe ngesibopho esithile.’ Ngokuqinisekile akuwona umphefumulo ongafi owawuboshwa. IHubo 119:28 lithi: “Umphefumulo wami uyakhala ngosizi.” Ngakho umphefumulo ungakhala nokukhala. IBhayibheli futhi libonisa ukuthi umphefumulo awuwona ongafi. Uyafa. “Umphefumulo owonayo uyakufa.” (Hezekeli 18:4) “Ukhululile umphefumulo wami ekufeni.” (IHubo 116:8) “Mayife imiphefumulo yethu.” (Joshuwa 2:14) “Bahlose ukubulala umphefumulo wami.” (IHubo 31:13) “Umphefumulo wami ukhethe ukuklinywa nokufa.—Jobe 7:15.
14. IBhayibheli ngokucacile libonisa ukuthi umphefumulo uyini?
14 Ngokucacile, ukusebenzisa kweBhayibheli elithi neʹphesh nelithi psy·kheʹ kubonisa ukuthi umphefumulo ungumuntu, noma endabeni yezilwane, uyisidalwa. Awuyona ingxenye ethile yomuntu engafi. Ngempela, elithi neʹphesh lisetshenziswa ngisho nakuNkulunkulu ngokwakhe: “Othanda ubudlwangudlwangu umphefumulo wa[K]he uyamzonda.”—IHubo 11:5.
Izazi Eziningi Ziyavuma
15. Izincwadi eziningi zolwazi zithini ngokuqondene nemfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo?
15 Izazi eziningi ziyavuma ukuthi iBhayibheli alikhulumi ngomphefumulo ongafi. IConcise Jewish Encyclopedia ithi: “IBhayibheli alikhulumi ngemfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo, futhi ayiveli ngokucacile ezincwadini zakuqala zorabi.” IJewish Encyclopedia ithi: “Inkolelo yokuthi umphefumulo uyaqhubeka ukhona ngemva kokubhujiswa komzimba iyindaba yokuqagela kwefilosofi noma kwemfundiso yenkolo kunokuba kube ukholo oluyisisekelo, ngenxa yalokho akukho ndawo lapho ifundiswa khona ngokucacile emiBhalweni Engcwele.” I-Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible iyaphawula: “Inephesh . . . ayiqhubeki iphila izimele ingekho emzimbeni, kodwa ifa nawo. . . . Akukho mbhalo weBhayibheli ogunyaza inkulumo yokuthi ‘umphefumulo’ uyahlukaniswa nomzimba ngesikhathi ufa.”
16. Ezinye izazi zithini ngokuqondene nomphefumulo?
16 Futhi, iExpository Dictionary of Bible Words ithi: “Khona-ke, ‘umphefumulo’ eT[estamenteni] E[lidala] awubonisi ingxenye ethile yabantu engabonakali eqhubekayo ngemva kokufa. [Elithi neʹphesh] ngokuyisisekelo lisho ukuphila njengoba kujatshulelwa ngokuyingqayizivele izidalwa ezinobuntu. . . . Incazelo eyisisekelo yelithi [psy·kheʹ] iqinisekiswa igama elinencazelo efana neyalo eTestamenteni Elidala, kunencazelo yalo empucukweni yamaGreki.” Futhi iEerdmans Bible Dictionary ithi eBhayibhelini, igama elithi umphefumulo “alisho ingxenye yomuntu, kodwa umuntu ewonke. . . . Ngalomqondo abantu abanayo imiphefumulo—bayimiphefumulo.”—Omalukeke sizenzele.
17. Yini izincwadi ezimbili zamaKatolika eziyivumayo ‘ngomphefumulo’?
17 Ngisho neNew Catholic Encyclopedia iyavuma: “Amagama angokweBhayibheli asho umphefumulo ngokuvamile asho umuntu ophelele.” Iyanezela: “Akukho kuhlukaniswa komzimba nomphefumulo eT[estamenteni] E[lidala]. . . . Igama elithi [neʹphesh], nakuba lihunyushwa yigama lethu elithi umphefumulo, alikaze lisho umphefumulo njengento ehlukile emzimbeni noma kumuntu. . . . Igama elithi [psy·kheʹ] igama leT[estamente] E[lisha] elifana nelithi [neʹphesh]. . . . Umqondo wokuthi umphefumulo uyasinda ngemva kokufa kungaba nzima ukuwuthola eBhayibhelini.” Futhi uGeorges Auzou, uProfesa WemiBhalo Engcwele OngumKatolika waseFrance, ubhala lokhu encwadini yakhe ethi La Parole de Dieu (IZwi LikaNkulunkulu): “Umqondo ‘womphefumulo,’ osho okuthile okungokoqobo okungabonakali, okusesimweni esingokomoya, okuhlukile ‘emzimbeni,’ . . . awukho eBhayibhelini.”
18. (a) Enye iencyclopedia ithini ngokusebenzisa kweBhayibheli igama elithi “umphefumulo”? (b) Izazi zenkolo zawutholaphi umbono wento ethile esindayo ekufeni komzimba?
18 Kanjalo, iEncyclopedia Americana iyaphawula: “Umqondo weTestamente Elidala ngomuntu ungukuthi umphefumulo nomzimba uyinto eyodwa, hhayi inhlanganisela yakho. Nakuba igama lesiHeberu elithi [neʹphesh] njalo lihunyushwa ngokuthi ‘umphefumulo,’ bekuyoba okungafanelekile ukulifunda ngomqondo wesiGreki. . . . [Ineʹphesh] ayibhekwa neze njengesebenza ngokuhlukile emzimbeni. ETestamenteni Elisha igama lesiGreki elithi [psy·kheʹ] ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi ‘umphefumulo’ kodwa futhi akufanele liqondwe kalula nje njengelisho lokho okwakucatshangwa izazi zefilosofi ezingamaGreki ngalo. . . . IBhayibheli aliyinikezi incazelo ecacile ngendlela umuntu asinda ngayo ngemva kokufa.” Iyenezela: “Izazi zenkolo kuye kwadingeka ukuba ziphendukele ezingxoxweni zezazi zefilosofi ukuze zithole izindlela ezanele zokuchaza ukuqhubeka komuntu ephila ngemva kokufa.”
Akulona IBhayibheli Kodwa Ifilosofi
19. Ifilosofi yamaGreki ihlobene kanjani nenkolelo yokungafi komphefumulo?
19 Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izazi zenkolo ziye zamukela imibono yezazi zefilosofi ezingamaqaba ukuze zakhe imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo. IDictionnaire Encyclopédique de la Bible yesiFulentshi (Isichaza-mazwi SeBhayibheli Esiyiencyclopedia) ithi: “Umqondo wokungafi uwumkhiqizo wokucabanga kwamaGreki.” IJewish Encyclopedia iyavuma: “Ukukholelwa ekungafini komphefumulo kwafika kumaJuda ngokuthintana nombono wamaGreki futhi ngokuyinhloko ngefilosofi kaPlato, umsekeli wayo omkhulu,” owaphila ekhulwini leminyaka lesine ngaphambi kukaKristu. UPlato wayekholelwa ukuthi: “Umphefumulo awufi futhi awunakubhujiswa, futhi imiphefumulo yethu ngokuqinisekile iyophila kwelinye izwe!”—The Dialogues of Plato.
20. Kunini lapho ifilosofi yobuqaba yangena khona ebuKristwini futhi kanjani?
20 Lefilosofi yobuqaba yangena nini ebuKristwini? INew Encyclopædia Britannica ithi: “Kusukela phakathi nekhulu leminyaka lesibili A.D. amaKristu aqeqeshwa ngefilosofi yobuGreki aqala ukuzwa isidingo sokuchaza ukholo lwawo ngolimi lwayo, kokubili ukuze anelise izingqondo zawo siqu nokuba aguqule amaqaba afundile. Ifilosofi eyawafanela kangcono kunamanye kwakungekaPlato.” Ngakho, njengoba iBritannica isho, “izazi zefilosofi ezingamaKristu zakuqala zamukela umqondo wamaGreki wokungafi komphefumulo.” Ngisho noPapa John Paul II wavuma ukuthi imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo ihlanganisa “imibono yamaqembu athile efilosofi yamaGreki.” Kodwa ukwamukela imibono yefilosofi yamaGreki kwasho ukuthi eLobukholwa liye lalahla iqiniso eliyisisekelo eliboniswe kuGenesise 2:7: “Umuntu waba-kanjalo umphefumulo ophilayo.”
21. Ihlehlela emuva kangakanani inkolelo yokungafi komphefumulo?
21 Nokho, imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo ihlehlela emuva kakhulu kunangesikhathi sikaPlato. Encwadini ethi The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, kaMorris Jastrow, siyafunda: “Inkinga yokungafi . . . yadonsa ukunakekela okukhulu kwezazi zenkolo zaseBabiloni. . . . Ukufa kwakuwukudlulela kolunye uhlobo lokuphila.” Futhi, incwadi ethi Egyptian Religion, kaSiegfried Morenz, ithi: “AbaseGibithe bakuqala babebheka ukuphila ngemva kokufa njengokuqhubeka nje kokuphila emhlabeni.” IJewish Encyclopedia iphawula ukuxhumana kwalezinkolo zasendulo noPlato lapho ithi uPlato waholelwa embonweni wokungafi komphefumulo “yizimfihlakalo zikaOrpheus noEleusis okuyindawo lapho imibono yaseBabiloni neyaseGibithe ixutshwe ngokuxakayo khona.”
22. Kungani kungashiwo ukuthi izimbewu zemfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo ngempela zatshalwa ekuqaleni komlando wesintu?
22 Kanjalo, umbono wokungafi komphefumulo ungowasendulo. Eqinisweni, izimpande zawo zihlehlela emuva ekuqaleni komlando wesintu! Ngemva kokuba uAdamu etshelwe ukuthi wayeyokufa uma engamlaleli uNkulunkulu, umka-Adamu, uEva watshelwa umbono ophambene. Watshelwa: “Aniyikufa nokufa.” Zatshalwa lapha izimbewu zemfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo. Futhi kusukela ngalesosikhathi, zonke izimpucuko ngokulandelana kwazo zamukela umbono wobuqaba wokuthi ‘awuyikufa ngempela kodwa uyoqhubeka uphila.’ Lokhu kuhlanganisa neLobukholwa, eliye lahlubukisa abalandeli balo ngokumelene nezinjongo zikaNkulunkulu nentando yakhe.—Genesise 3:1-5; Mathewu 7:15-23; 13:36-43; IzEnzo 20:29, 30; 2 Thesalonika 2:3, 7.
23. Ubani owathuthukisa imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo, futhi ngani?
23 Ubani owaholela abantu ukuba bawakholelwe lawomanga? UJesu wamveza lapho ethi kubaholi benkolo bosuku lwakhe: “Nina ningabakayihlo uSathane, nithanda ukwenza izinkanuko zikayihlo. . . . Nxa ekhuluma amanga, ukhuluma okungokwakhe, lokhu engumqambimanga noyise wawo.” (Johane 8:44) Yebo, uSathane owathuthukisa lombono wokungafi komphefumulo ukuze adukise abantu ekukhulekeleni kweqiniso. Ngakho inkambo yomuntu yokuphila nethemba lesikhathi esizayo kubekwa endleleni engalungile ngokukholelwa ezimfundisweni ezavela emangeni okuqala abhalwe eBhayibhelini, nakuba ngalesosikhathi uEva ngokungangabazeki wacabanga ukuthi inyoka yayisho ukuthi wayengeke afe nhlobo enyameni.
24. Imiphi imibuzo engabuzwa ngokufanelekile ngokuqondene nokuphila phakade nokungafi?
24 IBhayibheli alifundisi ukuthi abantu banomphefumulo ongafi. Khona-ke, kungani likhuluma ngethemba lokuphila okuphakade? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabe iBhayibheli alisho yini kweyoku-1 Korinte 15:53, ukuthi: “Nalokhu okufayo kumelwe ukwembatha ukungafi”? Ingabe uJesu akayanga ezulwini ngemva kokuvuka kwakhe, futhi akazange yini afundise ukuthi nabanye bangaya ezulwini? Lena neminye imibuzo izohlolwa esihlokweni sethu esilandelayo.
Imibuzo Yokubukeza
◻ Yini izinkolo eziningi eziyikholelwayo ngomphefumulo?
◻ IBhayibheli likubonisa kanjani ukuthi umuntu akadalwanga enomphefumulo ongafi?
◻ Yini esobala ngokusebenzisa kweBhayibheli igama lesiHeberu nelesiGreki asho “umphefumulo”?
◻ Izazi eziningi zithini ngombono weBhayibheli ngomphefumulo?
◻ Imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo ihlehlela emuva kangakanani emlandweni?
[Isithombe ekhasini 20]
Konke kuyimiphefumulo