Ukusuka Obisini Oluwuketshezi Kuya Obisini Oluyimpuphu
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eNew Zealand
SEKUYIZINKULUNGWANE zeminyaka ubisi luyingxenye esemqoka ekudleni kwazo zonke izizwe. Ubisi lukhiqizwa yizilwane ezincelisayo kanti yikona kudla kwamazinyane azo. Nokho, ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa, abantu bakuthola ezilwaneni ezihlukahlukene loku kudla okunomsoco—ikakhulukazi izinkomo, amakamela, izimbuzi, ama-llama, amaphiva, izimvu nezinyathi. Ngaphandle kokuluphuza lunjalo ubisi, abantu bayayijabulela nemikhiqizo yalo ehlukahlukene, phakathi kwethandwayo okukhona nebhotela, ushizi, i-yogurt no-ayisikhilimu.
Olunye ubisi olujwayeleké kakhulu, ubisi lwenkomo, ngokuyinhloko luyinhlanganisela yamanzi angamaphesenti angu-87 kanye nezaqheqhe ezingamaphesenti angu-13. Lezi zaqheqhe zinama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, amafutha, amavithamini namaminerali anjenge-calcium—eyenza amathambo akhule futhi ahlale eqinile. Kodwa-ke, ubisi olukhiqizwa izinkomo alunothile kakhulu. Kulezi zilwane ezibalwe ngenhla, yiphiva elithatha leso sicoco, ngoba ubisi lwalo olunothé kakhulu lunezaqheqhe ezingamaphesenti angu-37!
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi olwasiphi isilwane, ubisi luyashesha ukonakala uma lungekho esiqandisini. Le nkinga inqotshwa ngobisi oluyimpuphu. Kodwa uluguqula kanjani ubisi ulwenze lube yimpuphu? Ake sithi qú efektri yobisi yesimanje eWaikato, eNew Zealand. Ingenye yamafektri amakhulu kunawo wonke ohlobo lwayo emhlabeni futhi nsuku zonke ikhiqiza amathani angu-400 obisi oluyimpuphu olunomsoco oluya ezimbonini zokudla emhlabeni wonke.
Uketshezi Luphenduka Impuphu
Usuku nosuku, amaloli anamathangi ensimbi asuka emapulazini aseNew Zealand emikhiqizo yobisi elethe ubisi oluwuketshezi kule fektri, lapho lugcinwa khona emigqonyeni engangeni moya ukuze lungonakali. Ukusuka lapho, ubisi luyiswa emishinini yokuhlukanisa efanele, lapho kuhlukaniswa khona ubisi nokhilimu bese lubuye luxutshwa ngamazinga afanele ukuze umkhiqizo ube sezingeni elifanele. Uma lusuka emishinini yokuhlukanisa, luya endaweni olugcinwa kuyo isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba lwenziwe ubisi oluyimpuphu.
Ngemva kwenqubo ye-pasteurization, ubisi lubiliswa ngezimbiza ezivaleke ngcí. Kungani lubiliswa ngale ndlela? Loku kwenza ubisi lubile ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile, ukuze lungashi. Uma seluhwamukile, izaqheqhe cishe zisuke sezingamaphesenti angu-48. Lo mkhiqizo oshubile manje usulungele inqubo yokugcina—ukomiswa.
Inqubo yokomisa iqala ngokuba izaqheqhe zifakwe ngepayipi emshinini wokomisa wensimbi onezingxenye eziningi, lapho zifakwa khona emoyeni oshisayo ngaphakathi kulo mshini wokomisa. Umswakama wobisi uyancipha ube amaphesenti ayisithupha, bese luba yimpuphu. Isinyathelo esilandelayo siwunciphisa nakakhulu umswakama ube amaphesenti amathathu, ngemva kwalokho ubisi oseluyimpuphu lupholiswa kahle lulungele ukufakwa emaphaketheni bese luthunyelwa ngaphandle. Yonke le nqubo yenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze ubisi lungaphelelwa umsoco nobumnandi balo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kulula ukuthola ubisi oluwuketshezi endaweni ohlala kuyo. Kodwa abantu abaningi bahlala ezindaweni ezisemajukujukwini, lapho kunzima khona ukuthola ubisi oluwuketshezi nalapho lubiza khona. Ngenxa yesimanga sobisi oluyimpuphu, izinkinga zabo seziphelile. Bamane nje baxube izipuni ezimbalwa zobisi oluyimpuphu namanzi, bese lolu bisi oluxutshiwe lwenza umsebenzi oncomekayo, nakuba lungemnandi njengobisi oluwuketshezi.
[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 14]
Iyini Inqubo Ye-pasteurization Neye-homogenization?
Inqubo ye-pasteurization, eyaqanjwa ngososayensi waseFrance uLouis Pasteur, ihilela ukubilisa ubisi isikhathi esithile bese lupholiswa ngokushesha. Le nqubo ibulala amagciwane ayingozi futhi ngaleyo ndlela yenze ubisi luhlale isikhathi eside. Nokho, awafi wonke amagciwane, ngakho imikhiqizo yobisi isonakala. Uma luqandiswe kahle, ubisi olukhishwe amagciwane olusezingeni eliphezulu lungahlala izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphandle kokonakala.
Inqubo ye-homogenization ishintsha amafutha noma izinhlayiyana zikakhilimu osobisini ukuze zingantanti bese zenza ungqimba lukakhilimu. Imishini yokwenza le nqubo ihlakaza izinhlayiya zamafutha zibe zincane ukuze zingabi izaqheqhe, okwenza ubisi lushube kahle.
[Umthombo]
By courtesy of U.S. National Library of Medicine
[Izithombe ekhasini 15]
Lo mshini wokomisa onezingxenye eziningi ungomisa amathani obisi oluyimpuphu angaphezu kwangu-9 ngehora