Incwadi YeBhayibheli Yesi-3—ULevitikusi
Umlobi: UMose
Yalotshelwa: Ehlane
Ukuloba Kwaphela: 1512 B.C.E.
Isikhathi Esihlanganisiwe: Inyanga eyodwa (1512 B.C.E.)
1. (a) Kungani igama elithi Levitikusi lifaneleka? (b) Yimaphi amanye amagama incwadi kaLevitikusi eye yabizwa ngawo?
IGAMA elijwayeleke kunawo wonke lencwadi yeBhayibheli yesithathu ngelithi Levitikusi, elivela kwelithi Leu·i·ti·konʹ elikuyiSeptuagint yesiGreki ngendlela yeVulgate yesiLatin ethi “Leviticus.” Leligama liyafaneleka, ngisho nakuba amaLevi kukhulunywa ngawo kancane (ku-25:32, 33), ngoba lencwadi iqukethe ngokuyinhloko imithetho yabapristi bamaLevi, ababekhethwa esizweni samaLevi, nemithetho abapristi ababeyifundisa abantu: “Ngokuba izindebe zompristi ziyakugcina ukwazi, kufunwe umthetho emlonyeni wakhe.” (Mal. 2:7) Embhalweni wesiHeberu, lencwadi yethiwe ngamazwi ayo asekuqaleni, athi Wai·yiq·raʼʹ, ngokwezwi nezwi asho ukuthi, “Futhi wayeseqhubeka ebiza.” Phakathi kwamaJuda akamuva, lencwadi yayibizwa futhi ngokuthi uMthetho Wabapristi NoMthetho Weminikelo.—Lev. 1:1, umbhalo waphansi weNW.
2. Yibuphi ubufakazi obusekela ukuthi yabhalwa uMose?
2 Akukho kungabaza ngokuthi uMose owabhala uLevitikusi. Isiphetho, noma isigcino, sithi: “Leyo iyimiyalo uJehova ayala ngayo uMose.” (27:34) Inkulumo efanayo iyatholakala kuLevitikusi 26:46. Ubufakazi obuphawulwe ngaphambili obufakazela ukuthi uMose wabhala uGenesise noEksodusi buyakusekela futhi ukuthi waloba uLevitikusi, njengoba iziNcwadi Ezinhlanu ngokusobala ekuqaleni zaziwumqulu owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, incwadi kaLevitikusi ixhumene nezincwadi ezandulelayo ngesihlanganiso esithi “futhi.” Ubufakazi obunamandla kunabo bonke obokuthi uJesu Kristu nezinye izinceku zikaJehova eziphefumlelwe njalo zicaphuna noma zibhekisele emithethweni nasezimisweni ezikuLevitikusi futhi zithi yabhalwa uMose.—Lev. 23:34, 40-43—Neh. 8:14, 15; Lev. 14:1-32—Math. 8:2-4; Lev. 12:2—Luka 2:22; Lev. 12:3—Joh. 7:22; Lev. 18:5—Roma 10:5.
3. Iyiphi inkathi ehlanganiswa incwadi kaLevitikusi?
3 Incwadi kaLevitikusi ihlanganisa inkathi engakanani? Incwadi kaEksodusi iphetha ngokumiswa kwetabernakele “enyangeni yokuqala ngomnyaka wesibili, ngolokuqala lwenyanga.” Incwadi kaNumeri, (elandela ngokushesha ukulandisa kukaLevitikusi) iqala ngokukhuluma kukaJehova noMose “ngolokuqala lwenyanga yesibili ngomnyaka wesibili emva kokuphuma kwabo eGibithe.” Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi izenzakalo ezimbalwa ezikuLevitikusi, njengoba ingxenye enkulu yalencwadi iqukethe imithetho nezimiso, azithathanga isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.—Eks. 40:17; Num. 1:1; Lev. 8:1–10:7; 24:10-23.
4. Yalotshwa nini incwadi kaLevitikusi?
4 UMose wayiloba nini incwadi kaLevitikusi? Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi wayebhala umlando wezenzakalo njengoba zazenzeka futhi wabhala phansi imiyalo kaNkulunkulu ngesikhathi eyithola. Lokhu kusikiselwa umyalo kaNkulunkulu kuMose wokuba abhale ngokubhujiswa kwama-Amaleki ngemva nje kokuba uIsrayeli ewanqobile empini. Futhi ukuthi yabhalwa kudala kusikiselwa futhi izindaba ezithile ezikulencwadi. Ngokwesibonelo, amaIsrayeli ayalwa ukuba alethe izilwane ayefuna ukuzisebenzisela ukudla emnyango wetende lokuhlangana ukuze zihlinzwe. Lomyalo wawunganikezwa futhi ulotshwe ngokushesha ngemva kokumiswa kwabapristi. Iziyalezo eziningi zinikezwa ngenjongo yokuqondisa amaIsrayeli phakathi nohambo lwawo lwasehlane. Konke lokhu kuveza ukuthi uMose wabhala incwadi kaLevitikusi phakathi no-1512 B.C.E.—Eks. 17:14; Lev. 17:3, 4; 26:46.
5. Iyiphi injongo eyayifezwa imithetho ephathelene nemihlatshelo nokuhlanzeka okungokomthetho?
5 Incwadi kaLevitikusi yabhalelwani? UJehova wayejonge ukuba abe nesizwe esingcwele, abantu abangcwelisiwe, abahlukaniselwe inkonzo yakhe. Kusukela esikhathini sika-Abela, amadoda athembekile kaNkulunkulu ayenikela ngemihlatshelo kuJehova, kodwa kwakuqala ngesizwe samaIsrayeli ukuba uJehova anikeze iziyalezo ezicacile ngokuqondene neminikelo yesono neminye imihlatshelo. Lezi, njengoba zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kuLevitikusi, zenza amaIsrayeli aphawule ububi obedlulele besono futhi zagcizelela ezingqondweni zawo ukuthi siye sawenza angathandeka kangakanani kuJehova. Lezimiso, njengengxenye yoMthetho, zasebenza njengomfundisi oholela amaJuda kuKristu, ziwabonisa isidingo soMsindisi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ziwagcina engabantu abahlukile kulo lonke izwe. Ikakhulukazi imithetho kaNkulunkulu ephathelene nokuhlanzeka okungokomthetho yafeza lenjongo yokugcina.—Lev. 11:44; Gal. 3:19-25.
6. Kungani manje isiqondiso esiningiliziwe esivela kuJehova sasidingeka ngokukhethekile?
6 Njengesizwe esisha esasihamba siya ezweni elisha, uIsrayeli wayedinga isiqondiso esifanelekile. Kwakuseyisikhathi esingaphansi konyaka ngemva koFuduko, futhi izindinganiso zokuphila zaseGibithe kanye nemikhuba yakhona engokwenkolo kwakusekusha ezingqondweni zawo. EGibithe umuntu wayeshada nodadewabo. Kwakuqhutshwa ukukhulekela kwamanga ukuze kuhlonishwe onkulunkulu abaningi, abanye babo okwakungonkulunkulu abayizilwane. Manje lelibandla elikhulu lalisendleleni liya eKhanani, lapho imikhuba yokuphila neyenkolo yayimibi nangokwedlulele. Kodwa ake uphinde ubheke ekamu lakwaIsrayeli. Ababandisa ibandla kwakungabaningi ababengabaseGibithe ngendabuko noma inzalo yakhona exubile, isixuku esiyingxubevange esasihlala phakathi kwamaIsrayeli futhi sasizalwe abazali abangabaseGibithe sakhuliswa futhi safundiswa izindlela, inkolo, nokushisekela izwe kwaseGibithe. Ngokungangabazeki iningi lalaba lalizitika emikhubeni enyanyekayo ezweni lakubo esikhathini esifushane nje ngaphambili. Yeka ukuthi kwakudingeke kangakanani manje ukuba bathole isiqondiso esiningiliziwe esivela kuJehova!
7. Kungayiphi indlela imithetho ekuLevitikusi inobufakazi bokuthi yabhalwa ngokwaphezulu?
7 Yonke incwadi kaLevitikusi inobufakazi bokuphefumlelwa kwaphezulu. Abantu abavamile babengenakukwazi ukuqamba imithetho nezimiso ezihlakaniphile nezinokulunga ezikuyo. Imithetho yayo ngokuqondene nokudla, izifo, ukwahlukaniswa ngenxa yesifo, ukuphathwa kwezidumbu yembula ulwazi lwamaqiniso angazange aqashelwe amadoda ezwe ezokwelapha kwaze kwaba seminyakeni eyizinkulungwane kamuva. Umthetho kaNkulunkulu ngokuqondene nezilwane ezingcolile ukuba zingadliwa yayiyovikela amaIsrayeli njengoba esohambweni. Wawuyowavikela ezifweni ezinjengetrichinosis etholakala ezingulubeni, ityphoid neparatyphoid ebangelwa izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi, nasesifweni esitholakala ngokudla ingcuba. Lemithetho enenzuzo kwakumelwe iqondise inkolo yawo nokuphila kwawo ukuze akwazi ukuhlala eyisizwe esingcwele futhi afinyelele futhi ahlale eZweni Lesithembiso. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi imithetho eyanikezwa uJehova yenza amaJuda aba ngcono kunezinye izizwe endabeni yezempilo.
8. Okuqukethwe incwadi kaLevitikusi okungokwesiprofetho kukufakezela kanjani ngokwengeziwe ukuthi iphefumlelwe?
8 Ukugcwaliseka kweziprofetho nemifuziselo ekuLevitikusi kukufakazela ngokwengeziwe ukuthi iphefumlelwe. Kokubili umlando ongcwele nowezwe iqukethe ukugcwaliseka kwezixwayiso ezisencwadini kaLevitikusi ngemiphumela yokungalaleli. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, yabikezela ukuthi omama babeyokudla abantwana babo ngenxa yendlala. UJeremiya ubonisa ukuthi lokhu kwagcwaliseka ekubhujisweni kweJerusalema ngo-607 B.C.E., futhi uJosephus ulandisa ngokwenzeka kwakho ekubhujisweni kwakamuva kwalomuzi, ngo-70 C.E. Isithembiso esingokwesiprofetho sokuthi uJehova wayeyowakhumbula uma ephenduka sagcwaliseka ngokubuya kwawo eBabiloni ngo-537 B.C.E. (Lev. 26:29, 41-45; IsiL. 2:20; 4:10; Ezra 1:1-6) Okukufakazela ngokuqhubekayo ukuphefumlelwa kwencwadi kaLevitikusi izingcaphuno abanye ababhali beBhayibheli abazicaphuna kuyo njengomBhalo ophefumlelwe. Ekwenezeleni kuleyo ephawulwe ngaphambili ekufakazeleni ukuthi uMose ungumbhali wayo, siza ubheke uMathewu 5:38; 12:4; 2 Korinte 6:16; neyoku-1 Petru 1:16.
9. Incwadi kaLevitikusi ilikhulisa kanjani igama likaJehova nobungcwele bakhe?
9 Incwadi kaLevitikusi ilikhulisa ngokungaguquki igama likaJehova nobukhosi bakhe. Ezikhathini ezingengaphansi kwezingu-36 imithetho ekuyo kuthiwa ivela kuJehova. Igama elithi Jehova ngokwalo livela, ngokwesilinganiso, izikhathi eziyishumi esahlukweni ngasinye, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe ukulalela imithetho kaNkulunkulu kugcizelelwa ngesikhumbuzo esithi, “nginguJehova.” Umongo wobungcwele utholakala kuyo yonke incwadi kaLevitikusi, ekhuluma ngalemfuneko ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye incwadi yeBhayibheli. AmaIsrayeli kwakumelwe abe ngcwele ngoba uJehova ungcwele. Abantu abathile, izindawo, izinto, nezinkathi zezikhathi kwakumiswe njengokungcwele. Ngokwesibonelo, uSuku Lokubuyisana nonyaka weJubili kwakubekelwe eceleni njengezinkathi zokugujwa ngokukhethekile ekukhulekeleni uJehova.
10. Yini egcizelelwayo ngokuqondene nemihlatshelo, futhi yiziphi izijeziso zesono eziphawuliwe?
10 Ngokuvumelana nokugcizelela kwayo ubungcwele, incwadi kaLevitikusi igcizelela ingxenye ukuchitha igazi, okungukuthi, umhlatshelo wokuphila, okwakunayo ekuthethelelweni kwezono. Imihlatshelo yezilwane yayigcina kuphela ezidalweni kokubili ezazifuywa nezazihlanzekile. Kwezinye izono, ukuvunywa kwazo, ukubuyisela, nokukhokhwa kwesijeziso kwakudingeka kwenziwe ngaphezu komhlatshelo. Kwezinye futhi izono, isijeziso sasiwukufa.
OKUQUKETHWE INCWADI KALEVITIKUSI
11. Incwadi kaLevitikusi ingahlelwa kanjani?
11 Incwadi kaLevitikusi iqukethe ikakhulukazi umbhalo wokushaya umthetho, okuningi kuwo nakho kungokwesiprofetho. Ngokuyinhloko lencwadi ilandela uhlaka oluhlelwe ngezihloko futhi lungahlukaniswa lube izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili, ezilandelana ngendlela enengqondo.
12. Yiziphi izinhlobo zemihlatshelo yegazi ezikuyo, futhi kumelwe zinikelwe kanjani?
12 Imithetho yemihlatshelo (1:1–7:38). Imihlatshelo ehlukahlukene ingena ezinhlwini ezivamile ezimbili: eyegazi, ehlanganisa izinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi, nezinyoni; nengenagazi, ehlanganisa okusanhlamvu. Imihlatshelo yegazi kumelwe inikelwe (1) njengeyokushiswa, (2) eyokuthula, (3) eyesono, noma (4) eyeminikelo yecala. Yomine inalezinto ezintathu efana ngazo: onikelayo kumelwe awulethe ngokwakhe emnyango wetende lokuhlangana, kumelwe abeke izandla zakhe phezu kwawo, khona-ke isilwane kumelwe sihlatshwe. Ngemva kokufafazwa kwegazi, isidumbu kwakumelwe silahlwe kuye ngohlobo lomhlatshelo. Make sicabangele iminikelo yegazi ngokulandelana kwayo.
13-16. (a) Chaza izimfuneko (1) zeminikelo yokushiswa, (2) zemihlatshelo yokuthula, (3) zeminikelo yezono, (4) nezeminikelo yamacala. (b) Ngokuqondene nemihlatshelo yegazi, yini enqatshelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe?
13 (1) Iminikelo yokushiswa yayingahlanganisa iduna, inqama, imbuzi, noma ijuba noma ihobhe, kuye ngamandla onikelayo. Kumelwe uhlahlelwe futhi ushiswe wonke ealtare, ngaphandle kwesikhumba. Endabeni yehobhe noma ijuba, inhloko kumelwe ishumpulwe kodwa inganqunywa, futhi ingila nezimpaphe kumelwe kususwe.—1:1-17; 6:8-13; 5:8.
14 (2) Emnikelweni wokuthula kwakunganikelwa ngeduna noma ngensikazi okuthathwe emhlanjini. Amanoni akho kuphela ashiswa ealtare, yonke enye ingxenye iye kumpristi bese kuthi enye idliwe onikelayo. Ubizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi umhlatshelo wokuthula, ngoba ngawo onikelayo uhlanganyela ukudla, noma kunjengokungathi unobudlelwano, noJehova kanye nompristi.—3:1-17; 7:11-36.
15 (3) Umnikelo wesono ufuneka ngenxa yezono ezingenziwanga ngamabomu, noma izono ezenziwe ngephutha. Uhlobo lwesilwane esinikelwayo luxhomeke ekutheni isono sikabani esihlangulwayo—esompristi, esabo bonke abantu, esenduna, noma esomuntukazana. Ngokungafani neminikelo yokushiswa yokuzithandela neyokuthula eyenzelwa abantu ngabanye, umnikelo wesono wawuyisibopho.—4:1-35; 6:24-30.
16 (4) Kufuneka iminikelo yecala ukuze kuhlangulwe icala lomuntu lokungathembeki, ukukhohlisa, noma ukweba. Kwezinye izimo icala lidinga ukuvunywa kwesono nomhlatshelo oya ngokwamandla omuntu. Kwezinye, kudingeka inkokhelo elingana nokulahlekile kanye namaphesenti angu-20 kanye nomhlatshelo wenqama. Kulengxenye kaLevitikusi ekhuluma ngeminikelo, ukudliwa kwegazi kwenqatshelwe ngokunamandla nangokuphindaphindiwe.—5:1–6:7; 7:1-7, 26, 27; 3:17.
17. Imihlatshelo engenagazi kumelwe inikelwe kanjani?
17 Imihlatshelo engenagazi kumelwe ihlanganise okusanhlamvu futhi kumelwe inikelwe yosiwe iphelele, ingumgqakazo, noma iyimpuphu ecolekile; futhi kumelwe ilungiselelwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengephekwe eziko, ephekwe ngomqengele, noma ethoswe ngamafutha. Kumelwe inikelwe inosawoti namafutha futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifakwe inhlaka, kodwa kumelwe ingabi nanencane imvubelo noma uju. Kweminye imihlatshelo ingxenye ethile iyoba ngeyompristi.—2:1-16.
18. Ukumiswa kwabapristi kufinyelela umvuthwandaba ngamuphi umbukwane oqinisa ukholo?
18 Ukumiswa kwabapristi (8:1–10:20). Manje sekufika isikhathi sesenzakalo esikhulu kwaIsrayeli, ukumiswa kwabapristi. UMose ukusingatha ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imininingwane yakho, njengoba uJehova emyalile. “UAroni namadodana akhe benza konke uJehova ayalé ngakho ngesandla sikaMose.” (8:36) Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa zokumiswa kwabapristi, kulandela umbukwane omangalisayo noqinisa ukholo. Yonke inhlangano ikhona. Abapristi basanda nje kunikela ngomhlatshelo. UAroni noMose sebebabusisile abantu. Bheka! “Yayisibonakala inkazimulo kaJehova kubantu bonke. Kwaphuma umlilo ngaphambi kukaJehova, waqeda umnikelo wokushiswa namanoni ealtare; sebekubona abantu bonke benanela, bakhothamela phansi ngobuso.” (9:23, 24) Ngempela, uJehova ufanelwe ukulalelwa nawukukhulekelwa yibo!
19. Yisiphi isiphambeko esenzekayo, esilandelwa yini?
19 Nokho kukhona ukwephulwa koMthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, amadodana ka-Aroni uNadabi noAbihu benzela uJehova umlilo ongafanele. “Kwaphuma umlilo ngaphambi kukaJehova, wabaqeda, bafa phambi kukaJehova.” (10:2) Ukuze banikele ngemihlatshelo eyamukelekayo futhi bamukelwe uJehova, abantu nabapristi ngokufanayo kumelwe balandele imiyalo kaJehova. Ngemva nje kwalokhu, uNkulunkulu unikeza umyalo wokuthi abapristi akumelwe baphuze uphuzo oludakayo lapho bekhonza etabernakele, okusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukudakwa okubé nengxenye ekoneni kwamadodana ka-Aroni amabili.
20, 21. Iziphi izimiso ezihlanganisa ukuhlanzeka nempilo efanele?
20 Imithetho yenhlanzeko (11:1–15:33). Lengxenye isingethe ukuhlanzeka okungokomthetho nokungokwempilo. Izilwane ezithile, kokubili ezifuywayo nezasendle, zingcolile. Zonke izidumbu zingcolile futhi zingcolisa labo abazithintayo. Ukubeletha nakho kuyangcolisa futhi kudinga ukwahlukaniswa kanye nemihlatshelo ekhethekile.
21 Izifo ezithile zezikhumba, njengochoko, nazo zibangela ukungcola okungokomthetho, futhi ukuhlanza akusebenzi kubantu kuphela kodwa ngisho nasezimpahleni zokugqoka nasezindlini. Kudingeka ukwahlukaniswa. Ukuya esikhathini nokushaywa yizibuko ngokufanayo kubangela ukungcola, njengokucucuza. Kulezimo kudingeka ukwahlukaniswa, ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umuntu esimama kudingeka ageze umzimba noma anikele ngomhlatshelo noma akwenze kokubili.
22. (a) Kungani isahluko 16 sivelele? (b) Iyini inqubo yoSuku Lokubuyisana?
22 USuku Lokubuyisana (16:1–34). Lesi isahluko esivelele, ngoba siqukethe imiyalo ephathelene nosuku olubaluleke kunazo zonke kumaIsrayeli, uSuku Lokubuyisana, oluba ngosuku lweshumi lwenyanga yesikhombisa. Kuwusuku lokuzwisa umphefumulo ubuhlungu (cishe ngokuzila ukudla), futhi akukho msebenzi wokuziphilisa oyovunyelwa ngalo. Luqala ngokunikela ngeduna ngenxa yezono zika-Aroni nendlu yakhe, isizwe samaLevi, okulandelwa ukunikelwa kwembuzi ngenxa yaso sonke isizwe. Ngemva kokushisa impepho, elinye legazi lesilwane ngasinye kumelwe lilethwe, ngokulandelana, eNgcwelengcwele yetabernakele, ukuze lifafazwe phambi kwesembozo soMphongolo. Kamuva izidumbu zezilwane kumelwe zikhishelwe ngaphandle kwekamu futhi zishiswe. Ngalolosuku imbuzi ephilayo kumelwe futhi ilethwe phambi kukaJehova, kuvunywe zonke izono zabantu phezu kwayo, bese iholelwa ehlane. Khona-ke izinqama ezimbili kumelwe zinikelwe njengeminikelo yokushiswa, enye ngeka-Aroni nendlu yakhe enye eyesizwe sonke.
23. (a) Siyitholaphi enye yezinkulumo zeBhayibheli ezicace kunazo zonke ezikhuluma ngegazi? (b) Yiziphi ezinye izimiso ezilandelayo?
23 Imithetho yegazi nezinye izindaba (17:1–20:27). Lengxenye ibekela abantu imithetho eminingi. Kuyaphindwa futhi kwenqatshelwa igazi kwenye yezinkulumo eziphathelene negazi ezicace kunazo zonke ezitholakala nomaphi emiBhalweni. (17:10-14) Igazi lingasetshenziswa ngokufanelekile ealtare, kodwa hhayi ukuba lidliwe. Imikhuba enyanyekayo, njengokulala nesihlobo, ubungqingili, nokulala nezilwane, yenqatshelwe. Kunezimiso zokuvikela abahluphekile, abampofu, nabagogobeleyo, futhi kunikezwa umyalo othi, “Wothanda umakhelwane wakho njengalokhu uzithanda wena; nginguJehova.” (19:18) Kuvikelwa inhlala-kahle yesizwe yezenhlalo neyezomnotho, futhi izingozi ezingokomoya, njengokukhulekela uMoleki nobungoma, ziyenqatshelwa, kunesijeziso sokufa. UNkulunkulu uyaphinda ugcizelela ukuba kwabantu bakhe ngabahlukile: “Niyakuba-ngcwele kimi, ngokuba mina-Jehova ngingcwele; nginahlukanisile nabezizwe ukuba nibe-ngabami.”—20:26.
24. Yini incwadi kaLevitikusi eyivezayo ngokuqondene nezimfanelo zabapristi nezemikhosi yangezikhathi ezithile?
24 Abapristi nemikhosi (21:1–25:55). Izahluko ezintathu ezilandelayo zikhuluma ngokuyinhloko ngokukhulekela kwamaIsrayeli okungokomthetho: imithetho ebusa abapristi, izimfanelo zabo ezingokomzimba, labo abangashada nabo, labo abangadla izinto ezingcwele, nezimfuneko zezilwane ezifanelekayo okumelwe zisetshenziswe emihlatshelweni. Kuyalwa ukuba kube nemikhosi yeziswe emithathu ngezikhathi ezithile, eba izikhathi ‘zokwethaba phambi kukaJehova uNkulunkulu wenu.’ (23:40) Njengomuntu oyedwa, isizwe ngalendlela siyoqaphela uJehova, simdumise, futhi simkhulekele, siqinise ubuhlobo baso naye. Lena imikhosi eyenzelwa uJehova, imihlangano engcwele yaminyaka yonke. IPhasika, kanye noMkhosi Wesinkwa Esingenamvubelo, umiselwe ukuba ube sekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; iPentekoste, noma uMkhosi Wamasonto, lilandela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo; uSuku Lokubuyisana noMkhosi Wamadokodo wezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, noma Wokuvuna, kusekwindla.
25. (a) Kuboniswa kanjani ukuthi “iGama” kumelwe lihlonishwe? (b) Yiziphi izimiso ezihilela isibalo ‘esiyisikhombisa’?
25 Esahlukweni 24, kunikezwa umyalo ngokuqondene nesinkwa namafutha okumelwe kusetshenziswe enkonzweni yasetabernakele. Ngemva kwalokhu kulandela isenzakalo uJehova asho ngaso ukuthi noma ubani osebenzisa kabi “iGama”—yebo, igama elithi Jehova—kumelwe akhandwe ngamatshe aze afe. Ube esesho umthetho wokujezisa kuye ngohlobo lwesono, ‘iso ngeso, izinyo ngezinyo.’ (24:11-16, 20) Esahlukweni 25, kutholakala izimiso eziqondene neSabatha elithatha unyaka wonke, noma unyaka wokuphumula, okumelwe ligcinwe njalo ngonyaka wesi-7 neJubili eligujwa njalo ngonyaka wama-50. Ngalonyaka wama-50, kumelwe kumenyezelwe inkululeko ezweni lonke, futhi impahla eyifa eyathengiswa noma eyadelwa phakathi neminyaka engu-49 edlule, kumelwe ibuyiselwe. Kunikezwa imithetho evikela amalungelo abampofu nezigqila. Kulengxenye isibalo ‘esiyisikhombisa’ sivelele—usuku lwesikhombisa, unyaka wesikhombisa, imikhosi yezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, inkathi yamasonto ayisikhombisa, neJubili, elifika ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa ephindwe kasikhombisa.
26. Incwadi kaLevitikusi iwufinyelela ngani umvuthwandaba?
26 Imiphumela yokulalela nokungalaleli (26:1-46). Incwadi kaLevitikusi ifinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo kulesahluko. UJehova lapha uhlela imivuzo yokulalela nezijeziso zokungalaleli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, unikeza amaIsrayeli ithemba uma ezithoba, ethi: “Ngenxa yabo ngiyakukhumbula isivumelwano sawokhokho babo engabakhipha ezweni laseGibithe emehlweni ezizwe ukuba ngibe-nguNkulunkulu wabo; nginguJehova.”—26:45.
27. Incwadi kaLevitikusi iphetha kanjani?
27 Eminye imithetho (27:1-34). Incwadi kaLevitikusi iphetha ngemiyalo ephathelene nokusingatha iminikelo yesifungo, nezibulo likaJehova, nokweshumi okuba ngcwele kuJehova. Bese kulandela isigcino esifushane: “Leyo iyimiyalo uJehova ayala ngayo uMose ngabantwana bakwaIsrayeli eNtabeni yaseSinayi.”—27:34.
ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE NENZUZO
28. Inanzuzoni incwadi kaLevitikusi kumaKristu namuhla?
28 Njengengxenye yemiBhalo ephefumlelwe, incwadi kaLevitikusi inenzuzo enkulu kumaKristu namuhla. Iwusizo olumangalisayo ekuqondeni uJehova, izimfanelo zakhe, nezindlela zakhe zokusebenzelana nezidalwa zakhe, njengoba akubonisa ngokucace kangaka ekusebenzelaneni namaIsrayeli ngaphansi kwesivumelwano soMthetho. Incwadi kaLevitikusi ikhuluma ngezimiso eziningi eziyisisekelo eziyosebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi iqukethe imifuziselo engokwesiprofetho eminingi, kanye neziprofetho, okuqinisa ukholo ukuzicabangela. Eziningi zezimiso ezikuyo ziphinde zishiwo emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, ezinye zazo zicashunwa ngokuqondile. Amaphuzu ayisikhombisa avelele kuxoxwa ngawo ngezansi.
29-31. Incwadi kaLevitikusi iyigcizelela kanjani inhlonipho (a) ngobukhosi bukaJehova, (b) ngegama lakhe, (c) nangobungcwele bakhe?
29 (1) Ubukhosi bukaJehova. UnguMniki-mthetho, futhi thina njengezidalwa zakhe kumelwe silandise kuye. Usiyala ngokufanele ukuba simesabe. NjengoMbusi Wendawo Yonke, akabekezeleli lutho oluphikisana naye, noma lungaba ngesimo sokukhonza izithombe, ubungoma, noma ezinye izici zobudemoni.—Lev. 18:4; 25:17; 26:1; Math. 10:28; IzE. 4:24.
30 (2) Igama likaJehova. Igama lakhe kumelwe ligcinwe lingcwele, futhi ngeke silokothe silihlambalaze ngamazwi noma ngezenzo.—Lev. 22:32; 24:10-16; Math. 6:9.
31 (3) Ubungcwele bukaJehova. Ngenxa yokuthi ungcwele, nabantu bakhe kumelwe babe ngcwele, okungukuthi, bangcweliswe, noma bahlukaniselwe inkonzo yakhe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuhlala sihlukile ezweni elingenankulunkulu elisizungezile.—Lev. 11:44; 20:26; Jak. 1:27; 1 Pet. 1:15, 16.
32-34. Yiziphi izimiso ezihleliwe ngokuqondene (a) nesono, (b) negazi, (c) nangamacala ngokuhlukahluka kwawo?
32 (4) Ububi obedlulele besono. UNkulunkulu onqumayo ukuthi isono siyini, futhi kumelwe silwisane naso. Isono ngaso sonke isikhathi sidinga umhlatshelo wokusihlangula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sidinga futhi ukuba sisivume, siphenduke, futhi silungise lapho singalungisa khona. Kunezono ezithile ezingenakuthethelelwa.—Lev. 4:2; 5:5; 20:2, 10; 1 Joh. 1:9; Heb. 10:26-29.
33 (5) Ubungcwele begazi. Ngenxa yokuthi igazi lingcwele, alinakufakwa emzimbeni nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukusetshenziswa kwegazi okuvunyelwe yilapho kuhlangulwa khona isono kuphela.—Lev. 17:10-14; IzE. 15:29; Heb. 9:22.
34 (6) Ukuhlobana kwecala nesijeziso. Akuzona zonke izono nezoni ezazibhekwa ngokufana. Lapho umuntu enesikhundla esiphakeme, yilapho icala nesijeziso sesono kuba kukhulu. Isono sangamabomu sasinesijeziso esiqinile kunesono esingenziwanga ngabomu. Izijeziso ngokuvamile zazilinganiswa ngokwamandla okukhokha. Lesimiso sokuhlobana sasisebenza nakweminye imikhakha ngaphandle kwesono, njengasekuhlanzekeni okungokomthetho.—Lev. 4:3, 22-28; 5:7-11; 6:2-7; 12:8; 21:1-15; Luka 12:47, 48; Jak. 3:1; 1 Joh. 5:16.
35. Incwadi kaLevitikusi isibeka kanjani ngamafuphi isibopho sethu komakhelwane bethu?
35 (7) Ukwahlulela ngokulunga nothando. Ebeka ngamafuphi isibopho sethu komakhelwane bethu, uLevitikusi 19:18 uthi: “Wothanda umakhelwane wakho njengalokhu uzithanda wena.” Lokhu kuhilela konke. Iyakulahla ukubonisa ubandlululo, ukweba, ukuqamba amanga, noma ukunyundela, futhi idinga ukubonisa ukucabangela abakhubazekile, abampofu, izimpumputhe, nezithulu.—Lev. 19:9-18; Math. 22:39; Roma 13:8-13.
36. Yini efakazela ukuthi incwadi kaLevitikusi inenzuzo ebandleni lobuKristu?
36 Okunye okufakazela ukuthi incwadi kaLevitikusi ‘inenzuzo’ ngokuvelele “yokufundisa, yokusola, yokuqondisa izinto, yokuyala ekulungeni” ebandleni lobuKristu ukubhekisela kuyo ngokuphindaphindiwe okwenziwa uJesu nabaphostoli bakhe, ngokuphawulekayo uPawulu noPetru. Laba babhekisa ukunakekela emifanekisweni engokwesiprofetho eminingi nasezithunzini zezinto ezizayo. Njengoba uPawulu aphawula, “umthetho unesithunzi sezinto ezinhle ezizayo.” Uveza “umfanekiso nesithunzi sokwasezulwini.”—2 Thim. 3:16; Heb. 10:1; 8:5.
37. Yikuphi ukugcwaliseka kwemifuziselo okuchazwe kumaHeberu?
37 Itabernakele, ubupristi, futhi ikakhulukazi uSuku Lokubuyisana lwaminyaka yonke kwakunokubaluleka okungokomfanekiso. UPawulu, encwadini yakhe kumaHeberu, uyasisiza ukuba sibone imifanekiso engokomoya yalezinto ngokuhlobene ‘netabernakele lempela’ lokukhulekelwa kukaJehova. (Heb. 8:2) Umpristi omkhulu uAroni ufanekisela uKristu Jesu ‘njengompristi omkhulu wezinto ezinhle ezizayo, owadabula itabernakele elikhulu neliphelele kunalelo.’ (Heb. 9:11; Lev. 21:10) Igazi lemihlatshelo yezilwane lifanekisela igazi likaJesu elisenza sithole “ukukhululwa okuphakade.” (Heb. 9:12) Ikamelo elingaphakathi lethempeli, iNgcwelengcwele, umpristi ophakeme ayengena kulo ngoSuku Lokubuyisana lwaminyaka yonke kuphela ukuze anikele ngegazi lomhlatshelo, ‘liwumfanekiso, wokuyilo ngempela, izulu loqobo,’ uJesu akhuphukela kulo ukuze “abonakale ebusweni bukaNkulunkulu ngenxa yethu.”—Heb. 9:24; Lev. 16:14, 15.
38. Imihlatshelo eyimifuziselo yagcwaliseka kanjani kuJesu?
38 Imihlatshelo uqobo—izilwane ezifanelekayo, ezingenasici ezinikelwa njengeminikelo yokushiswa noma yezono—zimelela umhlatshelo ongenasici ophelele womzimba wobuntu kaJesu Kristu. (Heb. 9:13, 14; 10:1-10; Lev. 1:3) Ngokuthakazelisayo, uPawulu uxoxa nangesici soSuku Lokubuyisana lapho izidumbu zezilwane zomnikelo wesono zazikhishelwa ngaphandle kwekamu bese zishiswa. (Lev. 16:27) “Ngakho-ke naye uJesu,” kubhala uPawulu, “ukuze angcwelise abantu ngegazi lakhe, wahlupheka ngaphandle kwesango. Masiphumele kuye ngaphandle kwekamu, sithwale ihlazo lakhe.” (Heb. 13:12, 13) Ngencazelo enjalo ephefumlelwe, izinqubo ezingokomthetho ezihlelwe kuLevitikusi ziba nencazelo eyengeziwe, futhi ngempela singaqala ukuqonda indlela emangalisayo uJehova enza ngayo ngalesosikhathi izithunzi ezisabekayo ezikhomba phambili ezintweni ezingokoqobo ezazingase zicaciswe ngomoya ongcwele kuphela. (Heb. 9:8) Ukuqonda okunjalo okuqondile kubalulekile kulabo abafuna ukuzuza elungiselelweni lokuphila uJehova alenzayo ngoKristu Jesu, “[u]mpristi omkhulu wendlu kaNkulunkulu.”—Heb. 10:19-25.
39. ULevitikusi uhlangana kanjani nayo “yonke imiBhalo” ekwenzeni izinjongo zoMbuso kaJehova zaziwe?
39 Njengendlu ka-Aroni yobupristi, uJesu Kristu njengomPristi Omkhulu unabapristi abangaphansi abakanye naye. Kukhulunywa ngabo ngokuthi “[u]bupristi bobukhosi.” (1 Pet. 2:9) ULevitikusi ukhomba futhi achaze ngokucacile umsebenzi wokuhlangula izono womPristi Omkhulu neNkosi kaJehova nezimfuneko emalungwini endlu yaKhe, okukhulunywa ngawo ‘njengabusisiwe, angcwele’ nangokuthi ‘angabapristi bakaNkulunkulu nabakaKristu, ababusa njengamakhosi kanye naye iminyaka eyinkulungwane.’ Yeka izibusiso lowomsebenzi wobupristi oyoziletha lapho uletha isintu esilalelayo ekupheleleni, futhi yeka injabulo lowoMbuso wasezulwini oyoyiletha ngokubuyisela ukuthula nokulunga emhlabeni! Ngokuqinisekile, sonke kumelwe simbonge uNkulunkulu ongcwele, uJehova, ngokulungiselela kwakhe umPristi Omkhulu neNkosi nobupristi bobukhosi ukuba bumemezele ubuhle baKhe ekungcwelisweni kwegama laKhe! Ngempela, incwadi kaLevitikusi ihlangana kahle nayo “yonke imiBhalo” ekwenzeni izinjongo zoMbuso kaJehova zaziwe.—IsAm. 20:6.