Ungayikhetha Kanjani Inguqulo YeBhayibheli Engcono Kakhulu?

EKUQALENI iBhayibheli lalotshwa ngesiHebheru, isi-Aramu nesiGreki sasendulo. Ngakho abantu abaningi abafuna ukulifunda kumelwe bathembele enguqulweni ethile.

Namuhla, iBhayibheli liyincwadi ehunyushwe kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni—izingxenye zalo zitholakala ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-2 400. Ezinye izilimi azinayo nje inguqulo eyodwa kodwa zinezinguqulo eziningi. Uma unezinguqulo ongakhetha kuzo ngolimi lwakho, ngokuqinisekile ufuna ukusebenzisa engcono kakhulu ongayithola.

Ukuze ukhethe ngokuhlakanipha, kudingeka wazi izimpendulo zemibuzo elandelayo: Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinguqulo ezitholakalayo? Yiziphi izici ezinhle nezimbi ngenguqulo ngayinye? Kungani kufanele uqaphele lapho ufunda izinguqulo ezithile zeBhayibheli?

Ukusuka Ohlangothini Olweqisayo Ukuya Kolunye

Izinguqulo zeBhayibheli zibhalwe ngezitayela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa zingena ngaphansi kwezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Izinguqulo ezibhala okuhunyushiwe phakathi kwemigqa (interlinear) zingalé kolunye uhlangothi. Lezi zinguqulo ziqukethe umbhalo wolimi lokuqala kanye nokuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi ngolimi lomfundi.

Izinguqulo ezibeka indaba ngamazwi ahlukile zingakolunye uhlangothi. Abahumushi balezi zinguqulo bayakhululeka babeke isigijimi seBhayibheli ngendlela abasiqonda ngayo, abanomuzwa wokuthi izobakhanga abafundi.

Isigaba sesithathu sihlanganisa izinguqulo ezilwela ukulinganisela phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi ezimbili ezeqisayo. Lezi zinguqulo zeBhayibheli zizama ukudlulisela incazelo nomuzwa wezinkulumo zolimi lokuqala kuyilapho zenza umbhalo kube lula ukuwufunda.

Ingabe Izinguqulo Zezwi Nezwi Zingcono?

Inguqulo enamathela ezwini ngezwi ngokuvamile ayiyona indlela engcono yokuveza okushiwo yivesi ngalinye leBhayibheli. Kungani kunjalo? Kunezizathu eziningi. Nazi ezimbili:

 1. Azikho izilimi ezimbili ezifana ncamashi ngohlelo lolimi, amagama, nokwakhiwa kwemisho. UProfesa wesiHebheru uS. R. Driver uthi izilimi “azigcini nje ngokuhluka ngohlelo lolimi namagama, kodwa . . . nangendlela imiqondo eyakhiwa ngayo ukuze yakhe umusho.” Abantu abakhuluma izilimi ezihlukene abacabangi ngendlela efanayo. UProfesa Driver uyaqhubeka: “Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwemisho yezilimi ezihlukahlukene akufani.”

Njengoba lungekho ulimi olunamagama nohlelo lolimi olufana ncamashi nesiHebheru nesiGreki seBhayibheli, inguqulo yezwi nezwi yeBhayibheli ibingeke izwakale noma ibingase idlulisele incazelo eyiphutha. Cabangela izibonelo ezilandelayo.

Encwadini ayibhalela abase-Efesu, umphostoli uPawulu wasebenzisa inkulumo ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi “idayisi labantu.” (Efesu 4:14, The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures)a Le nkulumo ibhekisela emkhubeni wokukhohlisa abanye ngokusebenzisa amadayisi. Kodwa ezilimini eziningi ukuhumusha lo mfanekiso ngokwezwi nezwi akunangqondo. Ukuhumusha le nkulumo ngokuthi “ukukhohlisa kwabantu” kuyindlela ecace kakhudlwana yokudlulisela incazelo.

Lapho ebhalela abaseRoma, uPawulu wasebenzisa inkulumo yesiGreki ngokwezwi nezwi esho “ukubila emoyeni.” (Roma 12:11, Kingdom Interlinear) Ingabe leli gama linengqondo ngolimi lwakho? Empeleni le nkulumo isho “ukuvutha emoyeni.”

Phakathi nenye yezinkulumo zakhe ezidumile, uJesu wasebenzisa inkulumo evame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi: “Babusisiwe abampofu emoyeni.” (Mathewu 5:3) Kodwa ukuhumusha le nkulumo ngokwezwi nezwi akucaci ezilimini eziningi. Kwezinye izilimi, ukuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi ngokuqondile kusho nokuthi “abampofu emoyeni” abasangulukile engqondweni noma bantula umdlandla nokuzimisela. Kodwa uJesu lapha wayefundisa abantu ukuthi injabulo yabo yayingaxhomekile ekwaneliseni izidingo zabo ezingokwenyama, kodwa ekuqapheleni ukuthi bayasidinga isiqondiso sikaNkulunkulu. (Luka 6:20) Ngakho ukuhumusha okunjengokuthi “labo abaqaphela isidingo sabo esingokomoya” noma “labo abaziyo ukuthi bayamdinga uNkulunkulu” kukudlulisela ngokunembile lokho okushiwo yile nkulumo.—Mathewu 5:3; The New Testament in Modern English.

 2. Incazelo yegama noma inkulumo ethile ingashintsha kuye ngomongo esetshenziswe kuwo. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo yesiHebheru ngokuvamile ebhekisela esandleni somuntu ingase ibe nezincazelo eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngomongo, leli gama lingase lihunyushwe ngokuthi “ukulawula,” “isandla esivulekile,” noma “amandla.” (2 Samuweli 8:3; 1 AmaKhosi 10:13; IzAga 18:21) Empeleni, leli gama ngokukhethekile lihunyushwe ngezindlela ezingaphezu kwezingu-40 enguqulweni yesiNgisi ethi INguqulo Yezwe Elisha YemiBhalo Engcwele.

Ngenxa yokuthi umongo ungathonya indlela igama elihunyushwa ngayo, INguqulo Yezwe Elisha isebenzisa izinkulumo zesiNgisi ezingaba ngu-16 000 ekuhumusheni izinkulumo zeBhayibheli zesiGreki ezingaba ngu-5 500, futhi isebenzisa izinkulumo zesiNgisi ezingaphezu kuka-27 000 ekuhumusheni izinkulumo zesiHebheru ezingaba ngu-8 500.b Kungani kunalo mahluko endleleni amagama ahunyushwe ngayo? Ikomiti yokuhumusha yanquma ukuthi ukuhumusha umqondo ocacile wala magama ngokomongo kwakubaluleke kakhulu kunokukhipha inguqulo enamathela ezwini ngezwi. Noma kunjalo, INguqulo Yezwe Elisha ayiguquguquki endleleni ewahumusha ngayo amagama esiHebheru nesiGreki ngolimi okuhunyushelwa kulo.

Ngokusobala, ukuhumusha iBhayibheli kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokuhumusha igama lolimi lokuqala ngendlela efanayo isikhathi ngasinye lapho livela. Abahumushi kumelwe basebenzise ukwahlulela okuhle ukuze bakhethe amagama aveza imiqondo yombhalo wolimi lokuqala ngokunembile nangendlela eqondakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka bahlanganise amagama nemisho enguqulweni yabo ngendlela evumelana nemithetho yohlelo lolimi abahumushela kulo.

Kuthiwani Ngezinguqulo Ezihumusha Ngokukhululekile?

Abahumushi abakhipha lokho kaningi okubizwa ngokuthi amaBhayibheli abeka amazwi ngendlela ehlukile, noma izinguqulo ezikhululekile, bahumusha umbhalo wezilimi zokuqala ngokukhululekile. Kanjani? Bafaka umbono wabo ngalokho abacabanga ukuthi kushiwo umbhalo wokuqala noma beqe okunye ukwaziswa okusembhalweni wokuqala. Lezi zinguqulo ziyakhanga ngenxa yokuthi zifundeka kalula. Nokho, ukukhululeka kwazo ngezinye izikhathi kufihla noma kushintshe okushiwo umbhalo wokuqala.

Cabanga ngelinye iBhayibheli elibeka amazwi ngendlela ehlukile eliwuhumusha ngayo umthandazo kaJesu odumile oyisibonelo: “Baba wethu osezulwini, zembule ukuthi ungubani.” (Mathewu 6:9, The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language) Inguqulo enembe kakhudlwana yamazwi kaJesu ilihumusha ngale ndlela leli vesi: “Baba wethu osemazulwini, malingcweliswe igama lakho.” Phawula nendlela uJohane 17:26 ahunyushwe ngayo kwamanye amaBhayibheli. Ngokwenye inguqulo ekhululekile, ngobusuku aboshwa ngabo, uJesu wathi kuYise emthandazweni: “Ngikwenze waziwa kubo.” (Today’s English Version) Kodwa, ukuhunyushwa okwethembekile komthandazo kaJesu kufundeka kanje: “Ngibazisile igama lakho.” Uyayibona yini indlela abanye abahumushi abalifihla ngayo iqiniso lokuthi uNkulunkulu unegama okufanele lisetshenziswe futhi lihlonishwe?

Kungani Kufanele Uqaphe?

Ezinye izinguqulo ezikhululekile zifihla izindinganiso zokuziphatha ezivezwa embhalweni wokuqala. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language ithi kweyoku-1 Korinte 6:9, 10: “Niyaqaphela yini ukuthi lena akuyona indlela yokuphila? Abantu abangalungile abangenandaba noNkulunkulu ngeke bahlanganyele embusweni wakhe. Labo abasebenzisa abanye futhi babaxhaphaze, abahlanganyela ebulilini futhi babusebenzise kabi, abasebenzisa futhi baxhaphaze umhlaba nako konke okukuwo, abafaneleki njengezakhamuzi embusweni kaNkulunkulu.”

Qhathanisa leyo nguqulo ne-Nguqulo Yezwe Elisha enembe kakhudlwana: “Babeshane! Anazi yini ukuthi abantu abangalungile ngeke balizuze ifa lombuso kaNkulunkulu? Ningadukiswa. Izifebe, noma abakhonza izithombe, iziphingi, amadoda agcinelwe izinjongo ezingezona ezemvelo, amadoda alala namadoda, amasela, abantu abahahayo, izidakwa, izithuki, noma abaphangi ngeke balizuze ifa lombuso kaNkulunkulu.” Phawula ukuthi imininingwane echazwa umphostoli uPawulu yokuthi ikuphi ngempela ukuziphatha okufanele sikugweme ayiphathwa nakuphathwa kule nguqulo ekhululekile.

Ukuchema nezimfundiso ezithile nakho kungathonya umsebenzi womhumushi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Today’s English Version, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Good News Bible, ithi uJesu watshela abalandeli bakhe: “Ngenani ngesango elincane, ngoba isango eliya esihogweni libanzi nendlela eholela kuso ilula, futhi baningi abahamba ngayo.” (Mathewu 7:13) Abahumushi bafaka igama elithi “isihogo” nakuba kusobala ukuthi ukulandisa kukaMathewu kuthi “imbubhiso.” Bakwenzelani lokhu? Cishe kungenxa yokuthi bafuna ukusekela umbono wokuthi ababi bayohlushwa phakade, ngeke babhujiswe.c

Ukuthola Inguqulo Engcono Kakhulu

IBhayibheli lalotshwa ngezilimi ezivamile, ezikhulunywa njalo abantu abavamile, njengabalimi, abelusi nabadobi. (Nehemiya 8:8, 12; IzEnzo 4:13) Ngakho, inguqulo yeBhayibheli engcono kakhulu yenza isigijimi esiqukethe sitholwe yibo bonke abantu abaqotho, kungakhathaliseki isizinda sabo. Futhi inguqulo engcono kakhulu izokwenza nokulandelayo:

◗ Izodlulisela ngokunembile isigijimi sokuqala esaphefumulelwa uNkulunkulu.—2 Thimothewu 3:16.

◗ Izohumusha izincazelo zamagama ngokwezwi nezwi lapho amagama nokwakheka kolimi lombhalo wokuqala kukuvumela khona ukuhumusha kanjalo ngolimi okuhunyushelwa kulo.

◗ Izodlulisela umqondo onembile wegama noma inkulumo uma ukuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi kwenkulumo yolimi lokuqala kusonta noma kufihla incazelo.

◗ Izosebenzisa ulimi olungokwemvelo, okulula ukuluqonda olwenza umuntu afune ukufunda.

Ingabe ikhona inguqulo enjalo? Izigidi zabafundi balo magazini zithanda ukusebenzisa INguqulo Yezwe Elisha. Ngani? Ngenxa yokuthi zivumelana nenqubo eyalandelwa yikomiti yokuhumusha leli Bhayibheli, njengoba kushiwo esanduleleni senguqulo yokuqala yesiNgisi: “Asiyibeki ngamazwi ethu imiBhalo. Umzamo wethu kukho konke bekuwukukhipha inguqulo yezwi nezwi uma kungenzeka, uma isisho sesiNgisi sanamuhla sikuvumela nalapho ukuhumusha izwi nezwi kungawufihli umqondo ngobudedengu obuthile.”

INguqulo Yezwe Elisha iye yanyatheliswa iphelele noma izingxenye zayo ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-60, kwanyatheliswa amakhophi angaphezu kuka-145 000 000! Uma itholakala ngolimi lwakho, kungani ungaceli oFakazi BakaJehova bakulethele ikhophi ukuze uzibonele mathupha izinzuzo zale nguqulo enembile?

Abafundi beBhayibheli abaqotho bafuna ukusiqonda isigijimi esaphefumulelwa uNkulunkulu futhi basisebenzise. Uma ungumuntu onjalo, udinga inguqulo yeBhayibheli enembile. Ngempela, kufanele uthole lokho kanye.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 21]

Izinguqulo ezibeka indaba ngamazwi ahlukile ziyakhanga ngenxa yokuthi zifundeka kalula. Nokho, ukukhululeka kwazo ngokweqile ngezinye izikhathi kufihla noma kushintshe okushiwo umbhalo wokuqala

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 22]

INguqulo Yezwe Elisha iye yanyatheliswa iphelele noma izingxenye zayo ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-60, kwanyatheliswa amakhophi angaphezu kuka-145 000 000!

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 20]

INGUQULO YASENDULO EBEKA AMAZWI NGENDLELA EHLUKILE

Izinguqulo zeBhayibheli ezibeka amazwi ngendlela ehlukile, noma izinguqulo ezikhululekile, azizintsha. Ezikhathini zasendulo, amaJuda ahlanganisa lokho manje okuthiwa ama-Targum esi-Aramu, noma izinguqulo zemiBhalo ezibeka amazwi ngendlela ehlukile. Nakuba zingezona izinguqulo ezinembile, zembula indlela amaJuda ayeyiqonda ngayo eminye imibhalo futhi zasiza abahumushi ukubona incazelo yezinye izindinyana ezinzima. Ngokwesibonelo, kuJobe 38:7, “amadodana kaNkulunkulu” achazwa ngokuthi “amabutho ezingelosi.” KuGenesise 10:9, ama-Targum abonisa ukuthi isabizwana sesiHebheru esisetshenziwe ekuchazeni uNimrode sinencazelo yegama elithi “ngokumelene” ebonisa ubutha kunokumane nje lisho ukuthi “phambi” ngomqondo ovamile. Lawo mazwi ahlanganiswe nombhalo weBhayibheli kodwa ayengahloselwe ukuthatha indawo yeBhayibheli ngokwalo.

[Isithombe]

INGXENYE YE-“BIBLIA POLYGLOTTA,” EYAQEDWA NGO-1657 UJOBE 38:1-15

Umbhalo weBhayibheli wesiHebheru (neNguqulo yesiLatini Ebhala Okuhunyushiwe Phakathi Kwemisho)

Umbhalo ofanayo we-Targum yesi-Aramu

[Isithombe ekhasini 19]

INGXENYE YE-“KINGDOM INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION OF THE GREEK SCRIPTURES,” ABASE-EFESU 4:14

Uhlu lwesokunxele lubonisa ukuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi. Uhlu lwesokudla lubonisa ukuhunyushwa kwencazelo

[Imithombo Yezithombe ekhasini 18]

Background: Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem