Isahluko 6
Izimangaliso—Ingabe Zenzeka Ngempela?
Ngolunye usuku ngo-31 C.E., uJesu nabafundi bakhe babeya eNayini, umuzi osenyakatho yePalestina. Njengoba besondela esangweni lomuzi, bahlangana nodwendwe lomngcwabo. Oshonile kwakuyinsizwa ethile. Unina wayengumfelokazi, futhi yayiwukuphela kwendodana yakhe, ngakho manje wayesesele yedwa. Ngokombhalo ogciniwe, uJesu ‘wamhawukela, wathi kuye: Ungakhali. Wasondela, wathinta uhlaka; abaluthweleyo base bema. Wayesethi: Nsizwa, ngithi kuwe: Vuka! Ofileyo wavuka, waqala ukukhuluma.’—Luka 7:11-15.
1. (Hlanganisa nesethulo.) (a) Isiphi isimangaliso uJesu asenza eduze komuzi waseNayini? (b) Zibaluleke kangakanani izimangaliso eBhayibhelini, nokho ingabe bonke abantu bayakholelwa ukuthi zenzeka ngempela?
INDABA ejabulisayo, kodwa ingabe iyiqiniso? Abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi izinto ezinjalo zake zenzeka ngempela. Noma kunjalo, izimangaliso ziyingxenye engenakushiywa yombhalo ogciniwe weBhayibheli. Ukukholelwa eBhayibhelini kusho ukukholelwa ukuthi izimangaliso zenzeka. Eqinisweni, wonke umkhondo weqiniso leBhayibheli uxhomeke esimangalisweni esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu: ukuvuswa kukaJesu Kristu.
Isizathu Sokuba Abanye Bangakholwa
2, 3. Iyiphi indlela eyodwa yokucabanga isazi sefilosofi saseScotland uDavid Hume esayisebenzisa emzamweni wokubonisa ukuthi izimangaliso azenzeki?
2 Ingabe uyakholelwa ezimangalisweni? Noma ingabe unomuzwa wokuthi kulenkathi yesayensi, kungokungenangqondo ukukholelwa ezimangalisweni—okungukuthi ezenzakalweni ezingavamile ezinikeza ubufakazi bokungenela kwamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu? Uma ungakholelwa, awuwedwa. Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule, isazi sefilosofi saseScotland uDavid Hume sasinenkinga efanayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi izizathu zakho zokungakholelwa ziyefana nezakhe.
3 Ukuphikisa kukaHume umqondo wezimangaliso kwahlanganisa amaphuzu amathathu avelele.1 Elokuqala, uyabhala: “Isimangaliso siwukwephula imithetho yemvelo.” Kusukela esikhathini esingenakukhunjulwa umuntu ubelokhu encike emithethweni yemvelo. Uye wazi ukuthi into uma iphonswa iyowela phansi, ukuthi ilanga liyophuma njalo ekuseni futhi lishone ubusuku ngabunye, nokunye. Ngokuzenzekelayo, uyazi ukuthi izenzakalo ngaso sonke isikhathi ziyolandela izindlela ezinjalo ezijwayelekile. Akukho lutho oluyokwenzeka olungavumelani nemithetho yemvelo. UHume waba nomuzwa wokuthi, ‘lobufakazi’ ‘buphelele njenganoma iyiphi enye impikiswano esuselwa kokuhlangenwe nakho’ ngokumelene nokuba nokwenzeka kwezimangaliso.
4, 5. Iziphi ezinye izizathu ezimbili ezivezwe uDavid Hume zokuphika ukuthi izimangaliso zingenzeka?
4 Impikiswano yesibili ayiphakamisa yayiwukuthi abantu bakhohliseka kalula. Abanye bafuna ukukholelwa ezimangalisweni, ikakhulukazi uma ziphathelene nenkolo, futhi okuningi okuthiwa kuyizimangaliso kuye kwaphenduka izimangaliso-mbumbulu. Impikiswano yesithathu iwukuthi izimangaliso ngokuvamile zibikwa ezikhathini zokungazi. Lapho abantu beba abafunde kakhulu, ziba mbalwa izimangaliso ezibikwayo. Njengoba uHume asho, “Izenzakalo ezinjalo ezimangalisayo azenzeki neze ezinsukwini zethu.” Ngakho, waba nomuzwa wokuthi kufakazela ukuthi azikaze zenzeke.
5 Kuze kube namuhla, izimpikiswano eziningi zezimangaliso zilandela lezizimiso ezivamile, ngakho ake sicabangele ukuphikisa kukaHume, ngakunye.
Ingabe Zimelene Nemithetho Yemvelo?
6. Kungani kungokungenangqondo ukuphikisa umqondo wezimangaliso ngesizathu sokuthi ‘ziwukwephula imithetho yemvelo’?
6 Kuthiwani ngokuphikisa kokuthi izimangaliso ‘ziwukwephula imithetho yemvelo’ futhi ngalokho azinakuba iqiniso? Uma sikha phezulu, lokhu kungase kubonakale kukholeka; kodwa hlaziya lokho okushiwoyo ngempela. Ngokuvamile, isimangaliso singachazwa njengokuthile okwenzeka ngaphandle kwemithetho yemvelo evamile.a Kuyisenzakalo esingalindelekile kangangokuba ababukele bayaqiniseka ukuthi babone ukungenela kwamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu. Ngakho, lokuphikisa empeleni kusho ukuthi: ‘Izimangaliso azinakwenzeka ngoba ziyamangaza!’ Kungani ungacabangeli ubufakazi ngaphambi kokuba ugijimele esiphethweni esinjalo?
7, 8. (a) Ngokuqondene nemithetho yemvelo njengoba siyazi, kungaziphi izindlela izazi zesayensi ziye zaba nomqondo ovulekile embonweni wazo walokho okungenzeka nalokho okungenakwenzeka? (b) Uma sikholelwa kuNkulunkulu, yini okufanele siyikholelwe futhi mayelana namandla akhe okwenza izinto ezingavamile?
7 Iqiniso liwukuthi, abantu abafundile namuhla abazimisele neze njengoDavid Hume ukuphikelela ekuthini imithetho yemvelo ejwayelekile isebenza ngendlela efanayo kuyo yonke indawo nangazo zonke izikhathi. Izazi zesayensi zizimisele ukucabangela ukuthi akunakwenzeka yini ukuba esikhundleni sezinhlangothi ezintathu zobude, ububanzi, nokuphakama, kungenzeka kunezinye izinhlangothi eziningi ezengeziwe esibhakabhakeni.2 Zisekela umbono wazo ebukhoneni bezigodi ezimnyama (black holes), izinkanyezi ezinkulu ezaqhumela ngaphakathi, zabumbana zaba izigaxa ezisinda ngokungenakulinganiswa. Lapho zikhona izakhi zomkhathi kuthiwa ziphazamiseke kakhulu kangangokuba isikhathi ngokwaso sima ndawonye.3 Izazi zesayensi ziye zaphikisana ngisho nangokuthi mhlawumbe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, isikhathi sasingabuyela emuva esikhundleni sokuba siye phambili!4
8 UStephen W. Hawking, uProfesa weZibalo (Lucasian) eYunivesithi YaseCambridge, lapho echaza indlela indawo yonke eyaqala ngayo, wathi: “Embonweni owamukelekayo wokuhlobana kwezinto . . . isiqalo sendawo yonke kumelwe sibe yinkathi lapho umkhathi nesikhathi kwakuphazanyiswe khona yisisindo esingenakulinganiswa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, yonke imithetho eyaziwayo yesayensi yemvelo yayingaphelelwa amandla.”5 Ngakho, izazi zesayensi zanamuhla azivumi ukuthi okuthile akusoze kwenzeka ngenxa nje yokuthi kuphambene nemithetho yemvelo evamile. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinto ezingavamile zingase zenzeke. Ngokuqinisekile, uma sikholelwa kuNkulunkulu ongumninimandla onke, kufanele sivume ukuthi unamandla okubangela izenzakalo ezingavamile—ezimangalisayo—ukuba zenzeke uma kufanelana nenjongo yakhe.—Eksodusi 15:6-10; Isaya 40:13, 15.
Kuthiwani Ngezimangaliso-mbumbulu?
9. Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye izimangaliso ziwukukhohlisa? Chaza impendulo yakho.
9 Akekho umuntu onengqondo ongaphika ukuthi kunezimangaliso-mbumbulu. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye bathi banamandla okuphilisa abagulayo ngokuphulukisa okumangalisayo kokuthandazela. Udokotela wezokwelapha, uWilliam A. Nolan, wakwenza kwaba umsebenzi wakhe okhethekile ukuhlolisisa ukuphulukisa okunjalo. Walandelela izindaba eziningana zabantu abathi balashwa kokubili ngabavangeli abaphilisa ngokuthandazela eUnited States nodokotela okuthiwa bahlinza ngemilingo eAsia. Waba yini umphumela? Wathola kuphela izibonelo zokudumazeka nokukhohlisa.6
10. Ingabe unomuzwa wokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ezinye izimangaliso ziye zaboniswa ziyinkohliso lifakazela ukuthi zonke izimangaliso ziwubuqili?
10 Ingabe ukukhohlisa okunjalo kusho ukuthi izimangaliso ezingokoqobo azikaze zenzeke? Hhayi ngempela. Ngezinye izikhathi sizwa ngemali-mbumbulu esetshenziswayo, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi yonke imali iyimali-mbumbulu. Abanye abantu abagulayo bathembela kakhulu kubantu abathi bayelapha, odokotela abakhohlisayo, futhi babanike imali eningi. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi bonke odokotela bayakhohlisa. Abanye abadwebi baye baba nekhono lokulingisa imidwebo “yengcweti endala.” Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi yonke imidwebo iwukukhohlisa. Ngisho neqiniso lokuthi okunye okuthiwa izimangaliso kuwukukhohlisa okusobala alisho ukuthi izimangaliso ezingokoqobo azisoze zenzeka.
‘Izimangaliso Azenzeki Manje’
11. Kwakuyini ukuphikisa kwesithathu kukaDavid Hume umqondo wezimangaliso?
11 Ukuphikisa kwesithathu kwafingqwa kulamazwi: “Izenzakalo ezinjalo ezimangalisayo azenzeki ezinsukwini zethu.” UHume wayengakaze abone isimangaliso, ngakho wenqaba ukukholelwa ukuthi izimangaliso zingenzeka. Nokho, loluhlobo lokucabanga luyantengantenga. Noma yimuphi umuntu ocabangayo kumelwe avume ukuthi ngaphambi kwezinsuku zalesazi sefilosofi saseScotland, kwenzeka ‘izenzakalo ezimangalisayo’ ezingazange ziphindwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwaso. Iziphi lezenzakalo?
12. Yiziphi izenzakalo ezimangalisayo ezenzeka esikhathini esidlule ezingenakuchazwa ngemithetho yemvelo esebenzayo namuhla?
12 Okokuqala, ukuphila kwaqala emhlabeni. Khona-ke, izinhlobo ezithile zokuphila zanikezwa ingqondo. Ekugcineni, kwavela umuntu, enikezwe ukuhlakanipha, ikhono lokucabanga, amandla okuthanda, namandla kanembeza. Asikho isazi sesayensi esingachaza ngesisekelo semithetho yemvelo esebenzayo namuhla ukuthi izinto ezinjalo ezingavamile zenzeka kanjani. Nokho sinobufakazi obuphilayo bokuthi zenzeka.
13, 14. Yiziphi izinto ezivamile namuhla ezazingase zibonakale ziyisimangaliso kuDavid Hume?
13 Futhi kuthiwani ‘ngezenzakalo ezimangalisayo’ eziye zenzeka kusukela osukwini lukaDavid Hume? Ake sithi sasikwazi ukuhlehlela emuva ngesikhathi simtshele ngezwe lanamuhla. Cabanga uzama ukumchazela ukuthi usomabhizinisi eHamburg angakwazi ukukhuluma nothile oseTokyo oqhele ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ngisho nezwi lakhe; ukuthi umdlalo kanobhutshuzwayo eSpain ungabukelwa emhlabeni wonke ngisho nangesikhathi udlalwa; ukuthi izindiza ezinkulu kakhulu kunemikhumbi eyayihamba olwandle ngosuku lukaHume zingaphakama zisuke emhlabeni futhi zithwale abantu abangama-500 zidabule emoyeni izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha esikhathini esingamahora nje kuphela. Ungacabanga ukuthi ubengasabela kanjani? ‘Akunakwenzeka! Izenzakalo ezinjalo ezimangalisayo azenzeki ezinsukwini zethu!’
14 Nokho, ‘izimangaliso’ ezinjalo ziyenzeka ezinsukwini zethu. Ngani? Ngoba umuntu, esebenzisa izimiso ezingokwesayensi uHume ayengaqondi lutho ngazo, uye wafunda ukwakha izingcingo, amathelevishini, nezindiza. Khona-ke, ingabe kunzima kangako ukukholelwa ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi esikhathini esidlule uNkulunkulu kungenzeka wafeza izinto eziyisimangaliso, ngezindlela esingakaziqondi kuze kube manje?
Singazi Kanjani?
15, 16. Uma izimangaliso zenzeka ngempela, iyiphi ewukuphela kwendlela esasingazi ngayo ngazo? Fanekisa impendulo yakho.
15 Yiqiniso, ukuthi izimangaliso kungenzeka ziye zenzeka akusho ukuthi zenzeka ngempela. Singazi kanjani, kulelikhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ukuthi emuva ezikhathini zeBhayibheli uNkulunkulu wenza izimangaliso ezingokoqobo ngezinceku zakhe emhlabeni noma cha? Hlobo luni lobufakazi obungalulindela ngezinto ezinjalo? Cabanga ngomuntu wesizwe esingakaphucuki oye wathathwa ekhaya lakhe elisemaphandleni ukuze avakashele edolobheni elikhulu. Lapho ebuya, angabachazela kanjani abantu bakubo ngezimangaliso zempucuko? Akanakukwazi ukuchaza indlela imoto esebenza ngayo noma ukuthi kungani umculo uzwakala uvela emsakazweni ophathwayo. Akanakukwazi ukwakha icomputer ukuze abonise ukuthi into enjalo ikhona. Angakwenza nje kuwukubatshela lokho akubonile.
16 Sisesimweni esifanayo nesabantu besizwe salowomuntu. Uma uNkulunkulu ngempela azenza izimangaliso, okuwukuphela kwendlela esingezwa ngayo ngazo, kuwukuzwa ngofakazi bokuzibonela. Ofakazi bokuzibonela abanakukwazi ukuchaza indlela lezimangaliso ezenzeka ngayo, futhi abanakukwazi ukuzilingisa. Bangasitshela kuphela lokho abakubonile. Ngokusobala, ofakazi bokuzibonela bangakhohliswa. Futhi bangeqisa kalula futhi babike okungaqondile. Khona-ke, ukuze sikholelwe ubufakazi babo, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi labofakazi bokuzibonela baneqiniso, bangabezinga eliphakeme, futhi baye bazibonakalisa benezisusa ezinhle.
Isimangaliso Esifakazelwe Kangcono Kunazo Zonke
17. (a) Isiphi isimangaliso esifakazelwe kangcono kunazo zonke eBhayibhelini? (b) Zaziyini izimo ezaholela ekufeni kukaJesu?
17 Isimangaliso esifakazelwe kangcono kunazo zonke eBhayibhelini siwuvuko lukaJesu Kristu, ngakho-ke ake sisebenzise sona njengesibonelo, uma singasho kanjalo. Okokuqala, cabangela lamaqiniso abikiwe: UJesu waboshwa ngobusuku bukaNisan 14—okwenzeka ukuba kube uLwesine ebusuku ngendlela yethu yanamuhla yokubala izinsuku zesonto.b Wavela phambi kwabaholi bamaJuda abambeka icala lokuhlambalaza futhi banquma ukuthi kwakufanele afe. Abaholi bamaJuda baholela uJesu phambi kombusi wamaRoma uPontiyu Pilatu, owavumela ukunqotshwa ukucindezela kwabo futhi wamnikela kubo ukuba bambulale. NgoLwesihlanu ntambama—okwakusewuNisan 14 ekhalendeni lamaJuda—wabethelwa esigxotsheni sokuhlushwa futhi wafa phakathi namahora ambalwa.—Marku 14:43-65; 15:1-39.
18. NgokweBhayibheli, umbiko wovuko lukaJesu waqala kanjani ukusakazeka?
18 Ngemva kokuba isosha elingumRoma ligwaze uJesu ohlangothini ngomkhonto ukuze liqiniseke ukuthi wayefé ngempela, isidumbu sikaJesu sangcwatshwa ethuneni elisha. Usuku olulandelayo, uNisan 15 (uLwesihlanu/noMgqibelo), lwaluyisabatha. Kodwa ekuseni ngoNisan 16—ngeSonto ekuseni—abanye abafundi baya ethuneni futhi balithola lingenalutho. Ngokushesha, kwaqala ukusakazeka amahemuhemu okuthi uJesu wayebonakale ephila. Ukusabela kokuqala kulamahemuhemu kwakufana ncimishí nalokho okungaba yikho namuhla—ukungakholwa. Ngisho nabaphostoli benqaba ukukholwa. Kodwa lapho bona ngokwabo bebona uJesu ophilayo, ababanga nakho ukwenza ngokunye ngaphandle kokwamukela ukuthi ngempela wayevusiwe kwabafileyo.—Johane 19:31–20:29; Luka 24:11.
Ithuna Elingenalutho
19-21. (a) NgokukaJustin Martyr, amaJuda akuphikisa kanjani ukushumayela kwamaKristu ngovuko lukaJesu? (b) Yini esingaqiniseka ukuthi yayiyiqiniso ngethuna likaJesu ngoNisan 16?
19 Ingabe uJesu wayevusiwe, noma ingabe konke lokhu kuyindaba nje eqanjiwe? Enye into abantu emuva ngalesosikhathi cishe ababengayibuza iwukuthi: Ingabe isidumbu sikaJesu sisesethuneni lakhe? Abalandeli bakaJesu babeyobhekana nengqinamba enkulu ukuba abaphikisi babo babengasikhomba isidumbu sakhe esingokoqobo sisendaweni esangcwatshwa kuyo njengobufakazi bokuthi wayengavusiwe. Nokho, awukho umbhalo ogciniwe wokuthi bake bakwenza lokhu. Kunalokho, ngokweBhayibheli, banika amabutho ayabelwe ukulinda ithuna imali futhi bawatshela: “Shonini ukuthi abafundi bakhe beza ebusuku, bameba silele.” (Mathewu 28:11-13) Sinobufakazi futhi obungaphandle kweBhayibheli bokuthi abaholi bamaJuda benza ngalendlela.
20 Cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu ngemva kokufa kukaJesu, uJustin Martyr wabhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi iDialogue With Trypho. Kulencwadi, wathi: “Nina [maJuda] nithumele amadoda akhethiwe namisiwe kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuba amemezele ukuthi kuvele ukwambuka kokungamesabi uNkulunkulu nokungemthetho ngomuntu othile othiwa uJesu, umkhohlisi waseGalile, esambethela, kodwa abafundi bakhe bameba ebusuku ethuneni, lapho ayengcwatshwe khona.”7
21 Manje, uTrypho wayengumJuda, futhi iDialogue With Trypho yabhalelwa ukuvikela ubuKristu ebuJudeni. Ngakho, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uJustin Martyr wayengakusho lokho akusho—ukuthi amaJuda abeka amaKristu icala lokweba isidumbu sikaJesu—uma amaJuda ayengazange akusho lokho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wayeyoba uzibeke esimweni sokumangalelwa kalula ngokuqamba amanga. UJustin Martyr wayengakusho lokhu kuphela uma amaJuda ayezithumile ngempela izithunywa ezinjalo. Futhi ayeyokwenza kanjalo kuphela uma ithuna lalingenalutho ngoNisan 16, 33 C.E. nalapho engenakusikhomba isidumbu sikaJesu ethuneni njengobufakazi bokuthi wayengavusiwe. Ngakho, njengoba ithuna lalingenalutho, kwakwenzekeni? Ingabe abafundi basintshontsha isidumbu? Noma ingabe sasisuswe ngokumangalisayo njengobufakazi bokuthi uJesu ngempela wayevusiwe?
Isiphetho SikaLuka Udokotela
22, 23. Imuphi omunye umuntu owayefundile wekhulu lokuqala leminyaka owahlolisisa uvuko lukaJesu, futhi imiphi imithombo yokwaziswa ayenayo?
22 Omunye umuntu owayefunde kakhulu wekhulu lokuqala leminyaka owacabangela lobufakazi ngokucophelela kwakunguLuka, udokotela. (Kolose 4:14) ULuka wabhala izincwadi ezimbili lezo manje eziyingxenye yeBhayibheli: enye yayiyiVangeli, noma umlando wenkonzo kaJesu, nenye ebizwa ngokuthi izEnzo Zabaphostoli, yayingumlando wokusakazeka kobuKristu eminyakeni eyalandela ukufa kukaJesu.
23 Esingenisweni seVangeli lakhe, uLuka ubhekisela ebufakazini obuningi ayenabo kodwa esingasenabo thina. Ukhuluma ngezincwadi ezilotshiwe mayelana nokuphila kukaJesu azihlola. Uphawula futhi ukuthi wakhuluma nofakazi bokuzibonela bokuphila, ukufa, nokuvuswa kukaJesu. Khona-ke, uthi: “Ngizihlolisisile zonke izinto, kusukela ekuqaleni.” (Luka 1:1-3) Ngokusobala, ukucwaninga kukaLuka kwakuphelele. Ingabe wayeyisazi-mlando esihle?
24, 25. Abaningi bakubheka kanjani ukufaneleka kukaLuka njengesazi-mlando?
24 Abaningi baye bafakazela ukuthi wayeyiso. Emuva ngo-1913, uMnumzane William Ramsay enkulumweni ethile wakhulumela ubuqiniso obungokomlando bezincwadi zikaLuka. Sasiyini isiphetho sakhe? “ULuka uyisazi-mlando sezinga lokuqala; akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izinkulumo zakhe zithembekile; unomqondo womlando oyiqiniso.”8 Abacwaningi bamuva kakhulu baye bafinyelela isiphetho esifanayo. ILiving Word Commentary, lapho yethula imiqulu yayo ngoLuka, ithi: “ULuka wayeyikho kokubili isazi-mlando (futhi esinembile) nesazi sesayensi yenkolo.”
25 UDkt. David Gooding, owayenguprofesa wesiGreki seTestamente Elidala eNyakatho Ireland, ugomela ngokuthi uLuka ‘wayeyisazi-mlando sasendulo ngesiko lezazi-mlando zeTestamente Elidala nangesiko likaThucydides [esinye sezazi-mlando zezinga eliphakeme kakhulu zezwe lasendulo]. Njengazo kumelwe ukuba wakhandleka kakhulu ekuhlolisiseni imithombo yolwazi lwakhe, ekukhetheni ukwaziswa kwakhe, nasekuhleleni lokho kwaziswa. . . . UThucydides wahlanganisa lendlela nesifiso sokunemba ngokomlando: asikho isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi uLuka wenza okungaphansi.’9
26. (a) Sasiyini isiphetho sikaLuka ngovuko lukaJesu? (b) Yini okungenzeka yamqinisa kulesiphetho?
26 Sasiyini isiphetho salendoda efaneleka kakhulu kangaka ngokuthi kungani ithuna likaJesu lalingenalutho ngoNisan 16? Kokubili eVangelini lakhe nasencwadini yezEnzo, uLuka ukubika njengokuyiqiniso ukuthi uJesu wavuswa kwabafileyo. (Luka 24:1-52; IzEnzo 1:3) Wayengangabazi nakancane ngakho. Mhlawumbe ukukholelwa kwakhe esimangalisweni saloluvuko kwaqiniswa okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe siqu. Nakuba ngokusobala ayengeyena ufakazi wokuzibonela waloluvuko, ubika ukuthi wazibona izimangaliso ezenziwa umphostoli uPawulu.—IzEnzo 20:7-12; 28:8, 9.
Babona UJesu Ovusiwe
27. Obani abanye abathi bambona uJesu ovukile?
27 AmaVangeli amabili ngokuvamile kuthiwa alotshwa amadoda ayemazi uJesu, ambona efa, futhi athi ambona ngokoqobo ngemva kokuvuswa kwakhe. Lawa angomphostoli uMathewu, owayekade engumthelisi, noJohane, umphostoli kaJesu othandekayo. Omunye umlobi weBhayibheli, umphostoli uPawulu, naye uthi umbonile uKristu ovukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPawulu ubabala ngamagama abanye ababona uJesu ephila ngemva kokufa kwakhe, futhi uthi ngesinye isikhathi uJesu wabonwa “ngabazalwane abadlula amakhulu ayisihlanu.”—1 Korinte 15:3-8.
28. Imuphi umphumela uvuko lukaJesu olwaba nawo kuPetru?
28 Omunye uPawulu amphawula njengofakazi wokuzibonela, uJakobe, umfowabo ongokwenyama kaJesu ngamzali-munye, okumelwe ukuba wayemazi uJesu kusukela ebuntwaneni. Omunye, umphostoli uPetru; isazi-mlando uLuka sibika ukuthi wanikeza ubufakazi ngesibindi ngokuvuswa kukaJesu emasontweni ambalwa nje ngemva kokufa kukaJesu. (IzEnzo 2:23, 24) Izincwadi ezimbili eBhayibhelini ngokuvamile kuthiwa zalotshwa uPetru, futhi kweyokuqala kulezi uPetru ubonisa ukuthi ukukholelwa kwakhe ovukweni lukaJesu kwakuseyisisusa esinamandla ngisho naseminyakeni eminingi ngemva kwalesenzakalo. Wabhala: “Makabongwe uNkulunkulu uYise weNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu owabuye wasizala kabusha ngokwesihawu sakhe esikhulu ukuba sibe-nethemba eliphilileyo ngokuvuka kukaJesu Kristu kwabafileyo.”—1 Petru 1:3.
29. Nakuba singenakukhuluma nofakazi bokuzibonela baloluvuko, ibuphi ubufakazi obuhlaba umxhwele esinabo?
29 Ngakho, njengoba uLuka ayengakhuluma nabantu abathi babone uJesu futhi bakhuluma naye ngemva kokufa kwakhe, singafunda amazwi alotshwa abanye balaba. Futhi singazinqumela ngokwethu ukuthi labobantu babekhohlisiwe yini, ukuthi babezama ukusikhohlisa yini, noma ingabe babembone ngempela uKristu ovusiwe. Ngokusobala, akunasaba sokuthi kungenzeka babekhohlisiwe. Abaningi babo babengabangane bakaJesu abaseduze kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Abanye babo balubona usizi lwakhe esigxotsheni sokuhlushwa. Balibona igazi namanzi kuphuma enxebeni lomkhonto elalivulwe isosha. Isosha lazi, futhi nabo bazi, ukuthi uJesu ngokungangabazeki wayefile. Kamuva, bathi bambona uJesu ephila futhi bakhuluma naye ngokoqobo. Cha, akunakwenzeka ukuthi babekhohlisiwe. Khona-ke, ingabe babezama ukukhohlisa thina lapho bethi uJesu wayevusiwe?—Johane 19:32-35; 21:4, 15-24.
30. Kungani kungokungenakwenzeka ukuthi ofakazi bokuzibonela bokuqala bovuko lukaJesu babeqamba amanga?
30 Ukuze siphendule lokhu, kudingeka kuphela sizibuze: Ingabe bona ngokwabo babekukholelwa ababekusho? Yebo, ngaphandle kokungabaza. KumaKristu, kuhlanganise nalawo athi angofakazi bokuzibonela, ukuvuswa kukaJesu kwakuyisisekelo esiphelele sokholo lwawo. Umphostoli uPawulu wathi: “Uma uKristu engavuswanga kwabafileyo, ukushumayela kwethu kuyize, nokukholwa kwenu kuyize . . . Uma uKristu engavuswanga, ukukholwa kwenu akusizi-lutho.” (1 Korinte 15:14, 17) Ingabe lokho kuzwakala njengamazwi omuntu oqamba amanga uma ethi ubone uKristu ovusiwe?
31, 32. Ikuphi ukuzidela okwenziwa amaKristu okuqala, futhi kungani lokhu kuwubufakazi obunamandla bokuthi lamaKristu ayekhuluma iqiniso lapho ethi uJesu wayevusiwe?
31 Cabangela lokho okwakushiwo ukuba umKristu ngalezozinsuku. Kwakungekho nzuzo yesikhundla, amandla, noma ingcebo. Kwakuphambene kakhulu nalokho. Amaningi amaKristu okuqala ‘avuma ngokuthokoza ukuphangwa impahla yawo’ ngenxa yokholo lwawo. (Heberu 10:34) UbuKristu babubizela ukuphila kokuzidela nokushushiswa lokho ezikhathini eziningi okwakugcina ngokuba afele ukholo ngokufa okuhlazisayo nokubuhlungu.
32 Amanye amaKristu ayevela emikhayeni enothile, njengomphostoli uJohane uyise ngokusobala owayenebhizinisi lokudoba elichumayo eGalile. Amaningi ayenamathuba amahle, njengoPawulu, lapho amukela ubuKristu, owayekade efundiswa umfundisi wamaJuda odumile uGamaliyeli futhi owayeseqala ukuzenzela ugazi phambi kwababusi abangamaJuda. (IzEnzo 9:1, 2; 22:3; Galathiya 1:14) Nokho, bonke bakufulathela lokho okwakunikezwa yilelizwe ukuze basakaze isigijimi esisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi uJesu wayevukile kwabafileyo. (Kolose 1:23, 28) Kungani babengenza ukuzidela okunjalo ukuze bahluphekele isisusa ababazi ukuthi sasisekelwe emangeni? Impendulo iwukuthi, babengeke. Babezimisele ukuhlupheka nokufela isisusa ababazi ukuthi sisekelwe eqinisweni.
Izimangaliso Ziyenzeka Ngempela
33, 34. Njengoba loluvuko lwenzeka ngempela, yini esingayisho ngezinye izimangaliso zeBhayibheli?
33 Ngempela, ubufakazi obulotshiwe banelisa ngokuphelele. UJesu ngempela wavuswa kwabafileyo ngoNisan 16, 33 C.E. Futhi njengoba lolovuko lwenzeka, zonke ezinye izimangaliso zeBhayibheli zingenzeka—izimangaliso nathi esinobufakazi obuqinile ngazo, bofakazi bokuzibonela. AMandla afanayo avusa uJesu kwabafileyo enza uJesu futhi wakwazi ukuvusa indodana yomfelokazi waseNayini. Anikeza futhi uJesu amandla okwenza izimangaliso ezingaphansi kancane—kodwa ezimangalisayo—zokuphulukisa. Abangela ukondliwa ngokumangalisayo kwesixuku, futhi enza uJesu wakwazi ukuhamba emanzini.—Luka 7:11-15; Mathewu 11:4-6; 14:14-21, 23-31.
34 Ngakho, iqiniso lokuthi iBhayibheli likhuluma ngezimangaliso alisona isizathu sokungabaza ubuqiniso balo. Kunalokho, iqiniso lokuthi izimangaliso zenzeka ezikhathini zeBhayibheli liwubufakazi obunamandla bokuthi iBhayibheli ngempela liyiZwi likaNkulunkulu. Kodwa kusenokunye iBhayibheli elimangalelwa ngakho. Abaningi bathi liyaziphikisa ngakho alinakuba yiZwi likaNkulunkulu. Ingabe lokhu kuyiqiniso?
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Sithi “ngokuvamile,” ngoba ezinye izimangaliso eBhayibhelini kungenzeka ziye zahilela izenzakalo ezingokwemvelo, njengokuzamazama komhlaba noma ukubhidlika kwenhlabathi. Nokho, zisabhekwa njengezimangaliso, ngoba zenzeka ngalesosikhathi ezazidingeka ngaso ngalokho ngokusobala zaziqondiswa uNkulunkulu.—Joshuwa 3:15, 16; 6:20.
b Usuku lwamaJuda lwaluqala cishe ngehora lesithupha kusihlwa futhi luqhubeke kuze kube ihora lesithupha ngokuhlwa okulandelayo.
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 81]
Izitha zobuKristu zathi abafundi beba isidumbu sikaJesu. Uma lokhu kwakunjalo, kungani amaKristu ayezimisele ukufela ukholo olusekelwe ovukweni lwakhe?
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 85]
Kungani Zingekho Izimangaliso Namuhla?
Ngezinye izikhathi kuphakanyiswa lombuzo: ‘Kungani zingekho namuhla izimangaliso zohlobo lweBhayibheli?’ Impendulo iwukuthi izimangaliso zafeza injongo yazo emuva ngalesosikhathi, kodwa namuhla uNkulunkulu usilindele ukuba siphile ngokholo.—Habakuki 2:2-4; Heberu 10:37-39.
Ezinsukwini zikaMose, izimangaliso zenzeka ukuqinisekisa igunya likaMose. Zabonisa ukuthi uJehova wayemsebenzisa nokuthi isivumelwano soMthetho ngempela sasivela phezulu nokuthi amaIsrayeli kusukela ngalesosikhathi ayengabantu bakaNkulunkulu abakhethiweyo.—Eksodusi 4:1-9, 30, 31; Duteronomi 4:33, 34.
Ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka, izimangaliso zasiza ekuqinisekiseni igunya likaJesu, futhi ngemva kwakhe, igunya lebandla lobuKristu elalisakhula. Zasiza ekuboniseni ukuthi uJesu wayenguMesiya othenjisiwe, ukuthi ngemva kokufa kwakhe uIsrayeli ongokwenyama wayethathelwe indawo yokuba abantu bakaNkulunkulu abakhethekile yibandla lobuKristu, nokuthi ngalokho uMthetho kaMose wawungasasebenzi.—IzEnzo 19:11-20; Heberu 2:3, 4.
Ngemva kwezinsuku zabaphostoli, isikhathi sezimangaliso sase sidlulile. Umphostoli uPawulu wachaza: “Kepha nokuba kukhona ukuprofetha, kuyakukhawuka; nokuba kuyizilimi, ziyakunqamuka; nokuba kungukwazi, kuyakukhawuka. Ngokuba sazi inxenye, siprofetha inxenye. Kepha nxa sekufikile okupheleleyo, lokho okuyinxenye kuyakukhawuka.”—1 Korinte 13:8-10.
Namuhla, sineBhayibheli eliphelele, elihlanganisa zonke izambulo neseluleko sikaNkulunkulu. Sinokugcwaliseka kwesiprofetho, futhi sinokuqonda okuthuthukile ngezinjongo zikaNkulunkulu. Ngakho, asisekho isidingo sezimangaliso. Noma kunjalo, umoya kaNkulunkulu ofanayo owenza izimangaliso zaba nokwenzeka usekhona futhi usaveza imiphumela enikeza ubufakazi obunamandla ngokufanayo bamandla aphezulu. Sizobona obuningi balobufakazi esahlukweni esilandelayo.
[Isithombe ekhasini 75]
Abaningi babheka ukwethembeka kwemithetho yemvelo, njengeqiniso lokuthi ilanga liyaphuma njalo ekuseni, njengobufakazi bokuthi izimangaliso azisoze zenzeka
[Isithombe ekhasini 77]
Ukudalwa komhlaba njengekhaya lezinto eziphilayo ‘kwakuyisenzakalo esimangalisayo’ esenzeka kanye kuphela
[Izithombe ekhasini 78]
Ubungazichaza kanjani izimangaliso zesayensi yanamuhla kothile owayephila eminyakeni engama-200 edlule?