5:1

Do not severely criticize an older man: The Greek verb rendered “severely criticize” literally means “to inflict with blows.” Here it is used figuratively, conveying the idea “to reprimand harshly; to chastise with words.” Paul reminds Timothy that even though the young man has a measure of authority, he should not abuse it by dealing harshly with others. (1Ti 1:3) Older men in particular deserved Timothy’s compassion and respect.​—Le 19:32; see study note on appeal in this verse.

an older man: The context shows that the Greek word pre·sbyʹte·ros is here used in its literal sense, that of a man of advanced physical age in contrast with the “younger men” mentioned in the same verse. However, in other contexts the same term is used to refer to “the elders,” those who have authority and responsibility in the Christian congregation. (1Ti 5:17; Tit 1:5; see study note on Ac 11:30.) So if someone older than Timothy​—especially one serving as a fellow elder​—needed some correction, Timothy was to “appeal to him as a father.”

appeal: The Greek verb that Paul here uses (pa·ra·ka·leʹo) conveys the idea of showing personal concern by giving warm encouragement and exhortation. (See study note on Ro 12:8, where the same Greek verb is rendered “encourages.”) So Paul is urging Timothy to promote a loving, familylike atmosphere in the Christian congregation. (1Co 4:14; 1Th 2:7, 8) Even when giving needed counsel, Timothy was not to treat anyone harshly.