Petro Gbonyobu—Ani Eyɛ Vatican?

“ANA Bɔfoi lɛ Alumɔ lɛ gbonyobu lɛ.” Atsɔ Vatican redio nɔ akɛ Pope Pius XII kunimyeli adafitswaa nɛɛ ha. Afi 1950 naagbee be mli ni, ni agbe shitsaai sɔrɔtoi ni tee nɔ yɛ St. Peter’s Basilica lɛ naa kpaako. Taakɛ mɛi komɛi tsɔɔ lɛ, nɔ ni jɛ shitsaai ni akɛtaoɔ blema nibii nɛɛ mli ba lɛ yeɔ odase akɛ afũ Petro lɛlɛŋ yɛ Vatican. Shi, jeee mɔ fɛɛ mɔ kpɛlɛ nɔ nakai.

Kɛha Katolikbii lɛ, St. Peter’s Church ni yɔɔ Vatican lɛ tsɔɔ nɔ ko krɛdɛɛ kɛhaa amɛ. Katolik gbɛtsɔɔmɔ wolo ko kɛɛ akɛ: “Yiŋtoo titri ni haa akɛhe woɔ jamɔ he gbɛfaa ni akɛyaa Roma lɛ mli ji ni akɛ Petro sɛɛyelɔ lɛ ayakpe koni nine ashɛ ejɔɔmɔi anɔ, ejaakɛ Petro ba Roma ni afũ lɛ yɛ jɛmɛ.” Shi ani afu Petro lɛlɛŋ yɛ Roma? Ani egbonyobu yɛ Vatican? Ani ana ewui lɛ?

Shitsaa Kɛha Blema Nibii Amli Teemɔŋ Sane Ko

Shitsaai ni je shishi aaafee 1940 ni tee nɔ aahu aaafee afii nyɔŋma lɛ efee nɔ ni kɛ ŋwanejeei babaoo eba. Mɛni shitsalɔi ni taoɔ blema nibii ni paapa lɛ hala amɛ lɛ na? Nɔ kome ni amɛna ji wɔŋjalɔi afuu he ni gbohii abui pii yɔɔ jɛmɛ. Yɛ enɛɛmɛi ateŋ, yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ paapa lɛ wiemɔ kpoku lɛ shishi lɛ, amɛna aedicula ko, ni ji akɛ, he ko ni asaa jɛmɛ fɛfɛo aha sãi loo kaimɔ-tɛ koni akɛ amaga ko ama jɛmɛ, ni akɛhɔ gbogbo lɛ mli ni akɛ sũ tsuru ekpa he ni hɔ gbogboi enyɔ teŋ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, nɔ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ waa ji, ana gbɔmɔ wui hu ni jwere shi, ni akɛɛ ejɛ gbogboi enyɔ lɛ ateŋ ekome mli.

Biɛ ji he ni shishitsɔɔmɔi lɛ jeɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ. Bɔ ni Katolik woloŋlelɔi pii tsɔɔ lɛ, nibii ni ana lɛ maa blemasane ni tsɔɔ akɛ Petro shihilɛ he kɛ he ni ebatsɔ la odasefonyo yɛ ji Roma yɛ Nero nɔyeli beaŋ, ekolɛ yɛ afi 64 Ŋ.B. yiwaa be lɛ mli lɛ nɔ mi. Awie po akɛ wui ni ana lɛ ji bɔfo lɛ he nibii ni esa akɛ ajá, ni abaanyɛ ayoo enɛɛmɛi kɛtsɔ niŋmaa ko, ni taakɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ ko kɛɔ lɛ, ekaneɔ akɛ, “Petro yɛ biɛ” lɛ nɔ. Etamɔ nɔ ni Pope Paul VI miihe yiŋ ni aka awie nɛɛ aye beni yɛ 1968 mli lɛ etsi “Hetselɔ Petro wui ni esa akɛ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ kɛ woo kɛ jamɔ aha” akɛni ayana lɛ ta lɛ.

Nɔ ni fata shishitsɔɔmɔi lɛ ahe ba hu ji ŋwanejeei ni akɛte shi awo enɛ. Katolik shitsalɔ, Antonio Ferrua, ni ji Jesuit osɔfo, ni kɛ ehe wo Vatican shitsaai nɛɛ amli lɛ, ema nɔ mi fe shikome akɛ ‘aŋmɛko lɛ gbɛ ni eŋmala’ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni ele yɛ sane lɛ he lɛ, saji ni eka shi faŋŋ akɛ eeete shi ewo nɔ ni akɛɔ akɛ ana Petro wui lɛ. Kɛfata he lɛ, Roma gbɛtsɔɔmɔ wolo ko, ni Katolik Osɔfo Nukpa Poupard tsɔɔ shishi ni aŋma aha yɛ 1991 lɛ kɛɛ akɛ, “jeŋ nilee naa ni akɛpɛi gbɔmɔ wui ni ana yɛ Red Wall lɛ shishitoi amli lɛ tamɔ nɔ ko ni kɔɔɔ bɔfo Petro he kwraa.” Shi nɔ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ babaoo ji akɛ, wiemɔ kuku lɛ ejeee kpo yɛ ekroko ni aŋma (yɛ sɛɛ mli yɛ 1991) lɛ mli, ni akɛ yitso hee ko, ni egbɛi ji, “Yɛ Anɔkwale Mli lɛ: Petro yɛ St. Peter,” fata he.

Bɔ ni Atsɔɔ Nibii ni Ana lɛ Shishi Aha

Eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ abaanyɛ atsɔɔ nibii ni ana lɛ shishi yɛ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi anɔ ni gbɔmɛi sɔrɔtoi tsɔɔ shishi yɛ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi anɔ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Katolik yinɔsane ŋmalalɔi ni yɔɔ hegbɛ waa lɛ yɔseɔ akɛ “yinɔsane mli naagbai ni kɔɔ la odasefonyo ni Petro batsɔ yɛ Roma, kɛ efuu he, he lɛ ji saji ni yiŋ etɛɛɛ mɔ jogbaŋŋ yɛ he.” Mɛni nii ni ana lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo?

Yɛ mɛi ni taoɔ ni amɛfi Katolik blemasane sɛɛ lɛ agbɛfaŋ lɛ, aedicula sãi lɛ ji “kaimɔ” ni nuu ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Gaius, osɔfo, ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ shishijee mli lɛ wie he lɛ. Taakɛ Eusebius ni jɛ Kaisarea, osɔfo kɛ yinɔsane ŋmalɔ ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ mli lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, Gaius kɛɛ akɛ ebaanyɛ ‘etsɔɔ Petro kaimɔ lɛ yɛ Vatican Hill.’ Mɛi ni fiɔ blemasaji asɛɛ lɛ kɛɔ akɛ afu bɔfo lɛ yɛ jɛmɛ, yɛ sãi ni abale akɛ “Gaius kaimɔ” lɛ shishi. Shi mɛi krokomɛi tsɔɔ nɔ ni jɛ shitsaai nɛɛ amli ba lɛ shishi sɔrɔto kwraa, ni amɛtsɔɔ akɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Kristofoi lɛ gbaaa amɛhe naa tsɔ yɛ amɛgbohii afuu he, ni akɛ kɛji akɛ agbe Petro po yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ, amɛnine nyɛŋ ashɛ egbonyo lɛ nɔ. (Kwɛmɔ akrabatsa lɛ yɛ baafa 29.)

Mɛi krokomɛi hu yɛ ni amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ, “Gaius kaimɔ” lɛ, (kɛ no ji nɔ ni amɛna lɛ) ji gbonyobu. Amɛmaa nɔ mi akɛ, kaimɔ-tɛ ni akɛma shi koni akɛwo Petro hiɛ nyam kɛmiiba afii ohai enyɔ lɛ naagbee, ni akɛɛ yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ “abasusu akɛ eji gbonyobu nɔ sãi loo kaimɔ-tɛ.” Shi, taakɛ Nyɔŋmɔ-jamɔ he nikaselɔ Oscar Cullmann tsɔɔ lɛ, “Vatican shitsaai lɛ enaaa Petro gbonyobu ko kwraa.”

Ni wui lɛ hu? Abaanyɛ akɛɛ akɛ he ni wui lɛ ba kɛjɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji nɔ ko ni ewa akɛ aaanu shishi. Kɛjɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli beebe ni wɔŋjalɔi afuu he agbo ko ehi he ni atsɛɔ jɛmɛ bianɛ akɛ Vatican Hill lɛ, ni afu gbohii babaoo yɛ nɛkɛ he nɛɛ, ni afamɔ babaoo hu momo. Niŋmaai ni agbeee naa (ni ekolɛ ejɛ afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ mli) ni mɛi komɛi kɛɔ akɛ no haa aleɔ he ni ana gbohii ahe nibii nɛɛ yɛ lɛ akɛ eji bɔfo lɛ gbonyobu lɛ, baanyɛ awie “nɔ ni asusuɔ akɛ eji Petro wui lɛ ahe jogbaŋŋ moŋ.” Kɛfata he lɛ, jwɛŋmɔ ni mɛi ni kaseɔ blema niŋmaai ni akala lɛ ahe nii lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii hiɛ ji akɛ nakai niŋmaai lɛ shishi baanyɛ atsɔɔ po akɛ “Petro bɛ biɛ.”

‘Blemasane ni Anyɛɛɛ akɛ He Afɔ Nɔ’

Yinɔsane ŋmalɔ D. W. O’Connor kɛɔ akɛ: “Mra mli woji ni anyɛɔ akɛ he fɔɔ nɔ babaoo lɛ etsiii he ni [Petro] gbo yɛ akɛ la odasefonyo lɛ ta, shi moŋ sɛɛkpee nɔ ni anyɛɛɛ akɛ he afɔ nɔ pii lɛ fɛɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ enɛ ba mli yɛ he ni Vatican yɔɔ lɛ gbɛ.” No hewɔ lɛ Petro gbonyobu lɛ taomɔ yɛ Vatican lɛ damɔ blemasaji ni anyɛɛɛ akɛ he afɔ nɔ lɛ anɔ. O’Connor ma nɔ mi akɛ: “Beni gbohii ahe nibii ni ajaa lɛ bafee nɔ ni he hiaa waa lɛ, kɛkɛ ni Kristofoi bahe ye waa akɛ Petro [kaimɔ] lɛ tsɔɔ he ni egbonyobu lɛ yɔɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ.”

Nɛkɛ blemasaji kɛ gbohii ahe nibii ni ajaa ni ŋmalɛi lɛ fiii sɛɛ nɛɛ pue fiofio yɛ be kome mli. Kɛjɛ afii ohai etɛ kɛ afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ mli kɛyaa lɛ, jamɔ hei sɔrɔtoi kɛ gbohii ahe nibii ni ajaa bɔi nitsumɔ, nɔ ni ji anɔkwale kɛ amale nɔ fɛɛ—ni afeee enɛ ni shika he sɛɛnamɔ ko bɛ mli—yɛ mple ni ashi koni nine ashɛ “mumɔŋ” nɔkwɔlɛ nɔ ni amɛto amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛ nɔyeli hegbɛ amɛma shi lɛ mli. No hewɔ lɛ, akɛni amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ akɛ Petro wui lɛ yɛ naakpɛɛ hewalɛi komɛi hewɔ lɛ, jamɔ he gbɛfalɔi yaa amɛyakwɛɔ nɔ ni akɛɛ eji egbonyobu nɛɛ. Yɛ afii ohai ekpaa lɛ naagbee lɛ, heyelilɔi shɛrɛɔ mamai ni áŋmɛ amɛtsiimɔ jogbaŋŋ amɛshwieɔ “gbonyobu” lɛ mli. Mɔ ko ni hi shi yɛ nakai be lɛ mli lɛ kɛɛ akɛ: “Nɔ ni sa kadimɔ ji akɛ, kɛ mɔ ni kpaa fai lɛ hemɔkɛyeli yɛ shiŋŋ, ni ajie mama lɛ kɛjɛ gbonyobu lɛ mli ekoŋŋ lɛ, ŋwɛi duromɔ baayi lɛ obɔ, ni ebaatsii fe bɔ ni eji tsutsu lɛ.” Enɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni gbɔmɛi heɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ amɛyeɔ yɛ nakai be lɛ mli ni amɛbiii he sane.

Adesãi ni tamɔ enɛɛmɛi ni atãa kɛ blemasaji ni bɛ shishitoo lɛ ji nɔ ni ha Vatican Basilica lɛ bahe gbɛi babaoo nakai lɛ. Shi, jwɛŋmɔi ni kɛ enɛɛmɛi kpaaa gbee te shi. Yɛ afii ohai 12 kɛ 13 lɛ mli lɛ, jamɔ kuu ni ji Waldensebii lɛ wie shi nibii ni afeɔ kɛtekeɔ nɔ nɛɛ, ni amɛtsɔ Biblia lɛ nɔ amɛtsɔɔ mli akɛ Petro naji enyɔ yiko Roma dã. Afii ohai komɛi asɛɛ lɛ, mɛi ni fiɔ Protestant Jamɔ Tsakemɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ hu tsɔɔ nakai nɔŋŋ. Yɛ afii ohai 18 lɛ mli lɛ, jeŋ nilelɔi ni ehe gbɛi susu nakai blemasane lɛ he ni amɛkɛɛ akɛ ebɛ shishitoo ko kwraa, yɛ yinɔsane kɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ fɛɛ mli. Woloŋlelɔi ni bɔɔ mɔdɛŋ, Katolikbii kɛ mɛi krokomɛi fɛɛ hu hiɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ gbi nɛɛ.

Ani Petro Gbo Yɛ Roma?

Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ, Petro, Galileanyo heshibalɔ wolɛɛnyo lɛ naaa jwɛŋmɔ ko ni tsɔɔ akɛ enɔ kwɔ fe onukpai ni yɔɔ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Kristofoi asafo lɛ mli lɛ. Shi moŋ, etsɔɔ bɔ ni lɛ diɛŋtsɛ eji akɛ, “nyɛnaanyo onukpa.” (1 Petro 5:1-6) Esoro Petro heshibalɔ lɛ kwraa yɛ anunyam babaoo ni akɛbɔle nɔ ni akɛɛ eji egbonyobu lɛ he lɛ, taakɛ saralɔ fɛɛ saralɔ ni baaya Vatican Basilica lɛ baana lɛ.

Bɔni afee ni etsɔɔ bɔ ni enɔ kwɔ fe Kristofoi ajamɔi krokomɛi lɛ, Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ ebɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ eeekpɛlɛ blemasane ni ‘ba nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ ni anyɛɛɛ akɛ he afɔ nɔ’ ni kɛɔ akɛ Petro hi Roma yɛ be ko mli lɛ nɔ. Shi nɔ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ ji akɛ, tsutsu blemasaji krokomɛi susuɔ akɛ efuu he baanyɛ ahi he kroko yɛ Roma, shi jeee yɛ Vatican. Kɛlɛ, mɛni hewɔ esaaa akɛ okɛ ohe kpɛtɛɔ anɔkwa saji ni aŋmala yɛ Biblia lɛ mli, ni ji klɛŋklɛŋ adafitswaa he kome pɛ ni yɔɔ ni kɔɔ Petro he lɛ he? Anaa faŋŋ kɛjɛɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ mli akɛ, yɛ toiboo ni efee eha gbɛtsɔɔmɔi ni jɛ Kristofoi asafo lɛ ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ nɔyeli kuu lɛ dɛŋ lɛ hewɔ lɛ, Petro tsu enitsumɔ lɛ yɛ blema je lɛ bokagbɛ, ni Babilon fata he.—Galatabii 2:1-9; 1 Petro 5:13; okɛto Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 8:14 he.

Beni eŋmaa wolo eyaha Kristofoi ni yɔɔ Roma, aaafee 56 Ŋ.B. lɛ, bɔfo Paulo kɛ ŋamɔi maje asafo ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ ateŋ mɛi aaafee 30 ni etsiii Petro po tã. (Romabii 1:1, 7; 16:3-23) Agbɛnɛ hu Paulo ŋmala woji ekpaa kɛjɛ Roma, yɛ afi 60 kɛ 65 Ŋ.B. teŋ, shi etsiii Petro ta yɛ mli—odaseyeli ni mli wa ni maa nɔ mi akɛ Petro bɛ jɛmɛ.a (Okɛto 2 Timoteo 1:15-17; 4:11 he.) Atsɔɔ nii ni Paulo tsu yɛ Roma lɛ mli yɛ Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji awolo lɛ naagbee gbɛ, ni biɛ hu, atsiii Petro ta. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 28:16, 30, 31) Yɛ enɛɛmɛi ahewɔ lɛ, Biblia mli odaseyelii lɛ amlipɛimɔ jogbaŋŋ, ni jwɛŋmɔ ko ni atsɔ hiɛ ana bɛ mli, baaha mɔ amu sane naa akɛ Petro eshiɛɛɛ yɛ Roma.b

Paapa lɛ “nɔkwɔlɛ” lɛ damɔ blemasaji ni anyɛɛɛ akɛ he afɔ nɔ kɛ ŋmalɛi ni atsɔmɔ koni akɛfi sɛɛ lɛ anɔ. Yesu ji Kristojamɔ shishitoo, jeee Petro. Paulo kɛɛ ‘Kristo ji asafo lɛ yitso.’ (Efesobii 2:20-22; 5:23) Yesu Kristo ji mɔ ni Yehowa tsu lɛ koni ebajɔɔ ni ehere mɛi fɛɛ ni yɔɔ hemɔkɛyeli lɛ ayiwala.—Yohane 3:16; Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 4:12; Romabii 15:29; kwɛmɔ 1 Petro 2:4-8 hu.

Belɛ, mɛi fɛɛ ni yaa he ni amɛsusuɔ yɛ anɔkwayeli fɛɛ mli akɛ eji Petro gbonyobu lɛ he bɔni afee ni ‘amɛkɛ esɛɛyelɔ lɛ ayakpe’ lɛ kɛ naagba ko ni ji kpɛlɛmɔ ni amɛaakpɛlɛ ‘blemasaji ni anyɛɛɛ akɛ he afɔ nɔ’ lɛ nɔ, aloo ni amɛaahe Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ ni anyɛɔ akɛ he fɔɔ nɔ lɛ amɛye lɛ miikpe. Akɛni Kristofoi miisumɔ ni amɛjamɔ lɛ afee nɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ hewɔ lɛ, ‘amɛkwɛɔ Yesu, amɛhemɔkɛyeli Emuufeelɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ,’ kɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ ni yeɔ emuu ni e-shi efɔ shi eha wɔ koni wɔnyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ.—Hebribii 12:2; 1 Petro 2:21, NW.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 29]

“Shi ni atsa lɛ ejieko gbonyobu ko ni yɔɔ Aedicula lɛ shishi lɛ he nɔ ko kpo; ni asaŋ odaseyeli ko bɛ ni baanyɛ ama nɔ mi akɛ Kristofoi akutso lɛ nine shɛ Hetselɔ Petro gbonyo lɛ nɔ kɛjɛ mɛi ni gbe lɛ lɛ adɛŋ. Bɔ ni nibii baaya nɔ aha ji akɛ, abaashɛ gbɔ (peregrinus) lɛ gbonyo, ni taakɛ mla lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, eji efɔŋ feelɔ ko kɛkɛ lɛ afɔ Tiber lɛ mli. . . . Agbɛnɛ hu, anyaŋ gbonyo lɛ he nibii ayibaamɔ he yɛ nakai mra be lɛ mli taakɛ afee yɛ sɛɛ mli, beni hemɔkɛyeli ni ayɔɔ yɛ je lɛ naagbee ni ebɛŋkɛ lɛ mli lɛ eba shi, ni la he odasefoi ajamɔ ebɔi kpojee lɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, nyɛ ni eeenyɛ eba akɛ nine shɛɛɛ Hetselɔ Petro gbonyo lɛ nɔ kɛha fũu lɛ ji anɔkwale diɛŋtsɛ.”—The Shrine of St. Peter and the Vatican Excavations, ni Jocelyn Toynbee kɛ John Ward Perkins ŋma.