Wessel Gansfort “Jamɔ Hiɛtsakelɔ Ni Tsɔ Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ Lɛ Hiɛ”

Mɛi ni kaseɔ Katolik Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ ni je shishi yɛ afi 1517 lɛ he nii lɛ fɛɛ le Luther, Tyndale, kɛ Calvin jogbaŋŋ. Shi kɛlɛ, mɛi fioo ko pɛ le Wessel Gansfort. Atsɛ́ lɛ akɛ “Jamɔ Hiɛtsakelɔ ni tsɔ Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ lɛ hiɛ.” Ani obaasumɔ ni ole nuu nɛɛ he nii babaoo?

AFƆ́ Wessel yɛ Groningen maŋ lɛ mli yɛ Netherlands yɛ afi 1419. Yɛ afi 1400 afii lɛ amli lɛ, awooo mɛi pii skul, shi Wessel ná hegbɛ etee skul. Eyɛ mli akɛ ebɔ mɔdɛŋ waa yɛ skul moŋ, shi akɛni efɔlɔi miiye ohia futaa hewɔ lɛ, ekpa skul lɛ yaa beni eye afii nɛɛhu. Heniianaa lɛ, beni yoo okulafo niiatsɛ ko nu akɛ gbekɛ nuu Wessel le nii waa lɛ, eye ebua lɛ, ni eŋɔ efɔ̃ enɔ akɛ ebaawo eskulyaa lɛ he nyɔmɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, Wessel tsá eskulyaa lɛ nɔ. Sɛɛ mli lɛ, ená univɛsiti yijiemɔ wolo. Etamɔ nɔ ni ená univɛsiti yijiemɔ wolo ni fe fɛɛ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikasemɔ mli hu yɛ sɛɛ mli.

Wessel shwe waa akɛ ená nilee. Shi kɛlɛ, yɛ egbii lɛ amli lɛ, wojiatoohei ni yɔɔ lɛ faaa. Eyɛ mli akɛ afee tsɔne ni akɛkalaa woji yɛ ebeaŋ moŋ, shi akɛ niji ŋmalaa woji titri, ni amɛjara wala. Wessel fata nilelɔi akuu ko he, ni amɛfãa gbɛ kɛyaa hei ni wojiatoohei kɛ jamɔ nikasemɔhei srɔtoi yɔɔ ni amɛyataoɔ blema woji kɛ woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala ní akpa kanemɔ. No sɛɛ lɛ amɛgbaa nibii heei ni amɛkase yɛ nakai woji lɛ amli lɛ ahe sane. Ená nilee babaoo ni eŋmala Hela kɛ Latin blema woji amli wiemɔi kukuji srɔtoi babaoo ewo lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ewolo ko mli. Kɛ́ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi krokomɛi kɛ Wessel miiwie lɛ, amɛkwɛɔ amɛhe nɔ jogbaŋŋ akɛni ele nibii babaoo fe amɛ lɛ hewɔ. Abatsɛ́ Wessel akɛ Magister Contradictionis, loo Mɔ Kpanaa ni Kɛ Wiemɔ Kũɔ Mɛi Anaa.

“Mɛni Hewɔ Otsɔɔɔ Mi Gbɛ Kɛyaaa Kristo Ŋɔɔ?”

Aaafee afii 50 dani Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ be lɛ aaashɛ lɛ, Wessel kɛ Thomas à Kempis (aaafee afi 1379-1471) ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ lɛ ji mɔ ni ŋma wolo ni ale waa ni gbɛi ji De Imitatione Christi (Kristo Kasemɔ) lɛ kpe. Thomas à Kempis fata kuu ko ni hiɔ shi kpoo ni amɛkɛɔ akɛ esa akɛ mɔ atuu ewala fɛɛ eha Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ lɛ ahe. Nuu ko ni ŋma Wessel wala shihilɛ he sane lɛ kɛɛ akɛ Thomas à Kempis wo Wessel hewalɛ shii abɔ koni esɔle kɛbi ni Mary aye abua lɛ. Wessel dãi lɛ sɛɛ akɛ: “Mɛni hewɔ otsɔɔɔ mi gbɛ kɛyaaa Kristo ŋɔɔ, mɔ ni fɔ̃ɔ mɛi fɛɛ ni amɛjatsui fe amɛ lɛ anine koni amɛba eŋɔɔ lɛ?”

Abɔ amaniɛ akɛ Wessel ekpɛlɛɛɛ ni awó lɛ osɔfo. Beni abi lɛ ni etsɔɔ nɔ̃ hewɔ ni ekpooɔ akɛ eeeshɛ eyi bɔ ni no baaha ayɔse lɛ akɛ efata osɔfoi akuu lɛ he lɛ, eto he akɛ gbii abɔ ni ejwɛŋmɔ nyɛmɔi lɛ yɔɔ eyiŋ lolo nɛɛ, esheee sɛŋmɔ ni abaanyɛ asɛŋ lɛ lɛ gbeyei. Ekã shi faŋŋ akɛ eewie anɔkwale ni eji akɛ akojooo mɛi ni ahole amɛ osɔfoi lɛ yɛ saneyelihe lɛ he, ni etamɔ nɔ ni yishɛɛ nɛɛ haaa asɛŋ osɔfoi babaoo! Wessel ekpɛlɛɛɛ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ mli nifeemɔi komɛi ni ehe shi waa lɛ anɔ. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, awie ehe efɔ̃ŋ akɛni eheee eyeee akɛ naakpɛɛ nifeemɔ ko ni awie he yɛ wolo ni ehe gbɛi waa yɛ ebeaŋ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Dialogus Miraculorum lɛ mli lɛ ji anɔkwale lɛ hewɔ. Ejie enaa akɛ: “Ebaahi jogbaŋŋ moŋ akɛ akane Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ”

“Ja Wɔbi Saji Dani Wɔbaale Nii Babaoo”

Wessel kase Hebri kɛ Hela wiemɔ, ni ená nilee babaoo kɛjɛ woji ni Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli Osɔfonukpai ni tsɔ ehiɛ lɛ ŋmala lɛ amli. Suɔmɔ ni ená eha shishijee wiemɔi amli ni aŋma Biblia lɛ yɛ lɛ sa kadimɔ waa, ejaakɛ egbo kwraa dani afɔ́ Erasmus kɛ Reuchlin.a Dani Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ lɛ aaaje shishi lɛ, no mli lɛ mɛi babaoo nuuu Hela wiemɔ. Yɛ Germany lɛ, woloŋlelɔi fioo komɛi pɛ nuɔ Hela wiemɔ, ni abɛ woji loo nibii krokomɛi ni abaanyɛ atsɔ nɔ akɛkase wiemɔ lɛ. Beni abutu Constantinople yɛ afi 1453 lɛ, eeenyɛ efee akɛ Wessel kɛ Helabii mɔ kome shihilɔi komɛi ni jo foi kɛshi jɛmɛ lɛ shara ni ekase Hela wiemɔ fioo. Yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ Yudafoi lɛ pɛ wieɔ Hebri, ni eeenyɛ efee akɛ Wessel kase Hebri wiemɔ fioo kɛjɛ Yudafoi ni amɛbatsɔmɔ Kristofoi lɛ aŋɔɔ.

Wessel yɛ Biblia lɛ he miishɛɛ waa. Ebu Biblia lɛ akɛ eji wolo ni jɛ Nyɔŋmɔ mumɔ lɛŋ, ni ehe eye akɛ emli woji lɛ fɛɛ kɛ amɛhe kpãa gbee. Wessel susuɔ akɛ kɛ́ aatsɔɔ ŋmalɛi ashishi lɛ, esa akɛ aha ekɛ sane ni Biblia lɛ wieɔ he lɛ akpã gbee, ni esaaa akɛ atsɔmɔɔ hiɛ abumɔɔ shi. Esa akɛ abu yiŋ ni akaa atsɔɔ ŋmalɛ ko shishi lɛ akɛ eji hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ. Ŋmalɛi ni esumɔɔ waa lɛ ateŋ ekome ji Mateo 7:7 ni kɛɔ akɛ: “Nyɛtaoa, ni nyɛaana.” Ŋmalɛ nɛɛ ha Wessel he eye waa akɛ ehe miihia ni abi saji, ni etsɔɔ akɛ “ja wɔbi saji dani wɔbaale nii babaoo.”

Nibimɔ ko ni Sa Kadimɔ Waa

Yɛ afi 1473 lɛ, Wessel tee Rome. Aŋmɛ lɛ gbɛ ni ekɛ Paapa Sixtus IV lɛ yasusu saji ahe. Paapa nɛɛ ji mɔ klɛŋklɛŋ ni fata paapai srɔtoi ekpaa ni amɛjeŋba shara ha aná Protestant jamɔ lɛ ahe. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Barbara W. Tuchman tsɔɔ akɛ Sixtus IV je shishi “etiu lɛ diɛŋtsɛ enibii kɛ maŋkwramɔŋ hewalɛ sɛɛ kpetekpelee, ni etee nɔ efee enɛ ní ehiɛ gbooo.” Bɔ ni eye mɛi ahe nii kpetekpelee koni ewekumɛi aná he sɛɛ lɛ ha maŋbii lɛ anaa kpɛ amɛhe. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ko tsɔɔ akɛ ekolɛ Sixtus to eyiŋ akɛ paapayeli he gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ atsɔ ewekumɛi pɛ anɔ. Mɛi fioo ko pɛ nyɛ amɛwie amɛshi nibii gbohii ni efeɔ lɛ.

Shi kɛlɛ, esoro Wessel Gansfort kwraa. Gbi ko lɛ Sixtus kɛɛ lɛ akɛ: “Mibi, bi nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni osumɔɔ ni wɔɔhao.” Wessel to he eha lɛ amrɔ nɔŋŋ akɛ: “Ataa krɔŋkrɔŋ, . . . akɛni bo ji osɔfo kɛ tookwɛlɔ ni fe fɛɛ yɛ shikpɔŋ nɛɛ nɔ hewɔ lɛ, miibi . . . akɛ otsu onitsumɔ ni nɔ kwɔ waa lɛ he nii yɛ gbɛ nɔ ni kɛ́ Tookwɛlɔ Kpeteŋkpele lɛ . . . ba lɛ, eeenyɛ ekɛɛ bo akɛ: ‘Aekoo, tsulɔ kpakpa kɛ anɔkwafo, botemɔ o-Nuŋtsɔ miishɛɛ lɛ mli.’” Sixtus kɛɛ lɛ akɛ ehegbɛ ji akɛ efee nakai, ni ákɛ Wessel abi nɔ ko aha lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehe. Wessel to he akɛ: “Belɛ, ha mi Hela kɛ Hebri Biblia ni yɔɔ Vatican Wojiatoohe lɛ eko.” Paapa lɛ ha Wessel nɔ ni ebi lɛ lɛ, shi ewie akɛ eye kwashiai asane ejaakɛ kulɛ esa akɛ ebi ni awó lɛ osɔfo moŋ!

“Amale kɛ Tɔmɔ”

Akɛni Sixtus miitao shika waa ni ekɛmã Sistine Sɔlemɔtsu ni amrɔ nɛɛ ebahé gbɛi waa lɛ hewɔ lɛ, kɛ́ mɔ ko gbo lɛ, ehaa mɔ lɛ wekumɛi woɔ nyɔmɔ ko bɔni afee ni akɛ mɔ ni egbo lɛ he eshai ake lɛ. Nifeemɔ nɛɛ hé shi waa diɛŋtsɛ. Wolo ni ji Vicars of Christ—The Dark Side of the Papacy lɛ kɛɛ akɛ: “Hii kɛ yei okulafoi, kɛ fɔlɔi ni nɔ̃ enyɔ amɛhiŋmɛiaŋ lɛ fiteɔ amɛshika fɛɛ kɛbɔɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛkpɔ̃ amɛsuɔlɔ ni egbo lɛ kɛjɛ Hetsuumɔhe lɛ.” Maŋbii foji ni heɔ amɛyeɔ diɛŋtsɛ akɛ paapa lɛ baanyɛ aha amɛsuɔlɔi ni egboi lɛ aya ŋwɛi lɛ kpɛlɛ nyɔmɔ ni awoɔ koni asɔle aha gbohii lɛ nɔ.

Shi kɛlɛ, Wessel he eye waa akɛ Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ paapa lɛ fɛɛ nyɛŋ amɛkɛ eshai ake. Wessel tsɛ́ nyɔmɔ ni awoɔ koni asɔle aha gbohii lɛ akɛ “amale kɛ tɔmɔ.” Eheee eyeee hu akɛ esa akɛ ajaje eshai atsɔɔ osɔfoi dani Nyɔŋmɔ kɛke.

Wessel wie eshi tɔmɔ ni akɛɛ paapa lɛ tɔ̃ɔɔ lɛ hu, ni etsɔɔ akɛ akɛni paapai lɛ tɔ̃ɔ hewɔ lɛ, sɔlemɔ lɛ shishi baabule kɛ́ aaakpa gbɛ akɛ esa akɛ ahe nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni paapai lɛ kɛɔ lɛ aye. Wessel ŋma akɛ: “Kɛ́ osɔfonukpai lɛ kpoo Nyɔŋmɔ kitai lɛ ni amɛwo amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛkitai lɛ, . . . nibii ni amɛfeɔ kɛ nibii ni amɛwoɔ kita akɛ afee lɛ baafee efolo.”

Wessel Saa Gbɛ Eto Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ Lɛ

Wessel gbo yɛ afi 1489. Eyɛ mli akɛ ewie eshi nibii ni ehiii ni sɔlemɔ lɛ feɔ lɛ moŋ, shi etee nɔ ehi Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli. Ni kɛlɛ, sɔlemɔ lɛ ebuuu lɛ atuatselɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, yɛ egbele sɛɛ lɛ, Katolik hii mɔ kome shihilɔi ni yɔɔ kpɛŋŋ lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛkpata eniŋmaai lɛ ahiɛ ejaakɛ amɛbu nomɛi akɛ amɛkɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ kpãaa gbee. Beni shɛɔ Luther beaŋ lɛ, no mli lɛ mɛi fioo ko pɛ le Wessel he nɔ ko, akalako eniŋmaai lɛ ateŋ eko kwraa, ni wolokpoi ni eŋmala lɛ fioo pɛ eshwɛ. Akala Wessel niŋmaai lɛ ateŋ nɔ ji klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ lɛ agbe naa aaafee afi 1520 kɛmiimɔ 1522. Nibii ni fata he ji wolo ni Luther ŋma ni ekɛjie Wessel niŋmaai lɛ yi eha mɛi krokomɛi.

Eyɛ mli akɛ Wessel jeee jamɔ hiɛ tsakelɔ taakɛ Luther ji lɛ moŋ, shi ewie eshi nibii ni ha afee tsakemɔi ni ba yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ ekomɛi yɛ faŋŋ mli. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, McClintock kɛ Strong’s Cyclopedia lɛ wie yɛ ehe akɛ “eji German hii ni saa gbɛ amɛto Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ lɛ ateŋ mɔ ni fe fɛɛ.”

Luther na akɛ ekɛ Wessel hiɛ jwɛŋmɔ kome. Woloŋmalɔ ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ C. Augustijn ŋma akɛ: “Luther kɛ nifeemɔi ni tee nɔ yɛ ebeaŋ lɛ to nɔ ni tee nɔ yɛ Elia beaŋ lɛ he. Taakɛ bɔ ni gbalɔ lɛ susu akɛ lɛ pɛ eshwɛ ni baafã Nyɔŋmɔ he lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ Luther hu nu he akɛ lɛ pɛ ekɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ taa saji anaa. Shi beni ekane Wessel niŋmaai lɛ, eyɔse akɛ Nuŋtsɔ lɛ ebaa ‘shwɛɛnɔ ko’ yi ‘yɛ Israel.’” “Luther tee nɔ ejaje po akɛ: ‘Eji mitsɔ̃ hiɛ mikane eniŋmaai lɛ kulɛ, ekolɛ mihenyɛlɔi lɛ baasusu akɛ mikase nɔ fɛɛ nɔ kɛjɛ Wessel dɛŋ, ni akɛ, mi kɛ lɛ hiɛ jwɛŋmɔ kome.’”b

“Nyɛaana”

Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ lɛ baaa trukaa. Susumɔi ni kɛ enɛ ba lɛ tee nɔ fiofio yɛ be kplaŋŋ ko mli. Wessel yɔse akɛ jeŋba gbonyo ni paapai lɛ baa lɛ baaha yɛ naagbee mli lɛ mɛi asumɔ akɛ atsake jamɔ lɛ hiɛ. Be ko lɛ, ekɛɛ nikaselɔ ko akɛ: “Oblanyo ni okaseɔ nii waa, be ko baashɛ ni obaana akɛ anɔkwa Kristofoi fɛɛ ni le woloŋ lɛ baakpoo . . . jamɔŋ nilelɔi ní jeɔ ŋwane lɛ atsɔɔmɔi.”

Eyɛ mli akɛ Wessel yɔse tɔmɔi kɛ nibii gbohii ni yaa nɔ yɛ ebeaŋ lɛ moŋ, shi enyɛɛɛ ejie Biblia mli anɔkwale la lɛ fɛɛ kpo etsɔɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, Biblia lɛ ji wolo ko ni esa akɛ akane ni akase. Wolo ni ji A History of Christianity lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, Wessel “susuɔ akɛ akɛni Mumɔ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ nɔ atsɔ aŋma Biblia lɛ hewɔ lɛ, esa akɛ ajɛ Biblia lɛ mli akpɛ yiŋ yɛ jamɔŋ saji ahe.” Anɔkwa Kristofoi ni yɔɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ heɔ amɛyeɔ akɛ Biblia lɛ ji Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ ni jɛ mumɔŋ. (2 Timoteo 3:16) Shi kɛlɛ, agbɛnɛ aha anɔkwalei ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ efee faŋŋ, ni asaŋ ewaaa akɛ nine aaashɛ nɔ. Ŋmɛnɛ, Biblia mli shishitoo mla nɛɛ ji anɔkwale fe bei fɛɛ ni eho: “Nyɛtaoa, ni nyɛaana.”—Mateo 7:7; Abɛi 2:1-6.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 14]

WESSEL KƐ NYƆŊMƆ GBƐI LƐ

Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi ni Wessel kɛfɔɔ nitsumɔ yɛ eniŋmaai lɛ amli ji “Johavah.” Shi kɛlɛ, Wessel kɛ gbɛi “Yehowa” tsu nii kɛhoo kwraa lɛ yɛ hei enyɔ komɛi. Beni woloŋmalɔ ko ní atsɛɔ lɛ H. A. Oberman wieɔ Wessel susumɔi ahe lɛ, emu sane naa ákɛ Wessel nu he akɛ eji Thomas Aquinas kɛ mɛi krokomɛi ni fata he lɛ le Hebri wiemɔ kulɛ, “amɛbaana akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi ni ajie kpo atsɔɔ Mose lɛ shishi ji ‘Matsɔ mɔ ni misumɔɔ akɛ matsɔ,’ shi jeee ‘Mi ji mɔ ni mi ji.’”c New World Translation lɛ kɛ shishinumɔ ni ja tsu nii akɛ “Matsɔ nɔ ni misumɔɔ akɛ matsɔ.”—2 Mose 3:13, 14.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Wolo ni akɛ nine ŋma: Universiteitsbibliotheek, Utrecht

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 15]

Wessel wie eshi kpɛlɛmɔ ni Paapa Sixtus IV lɛ kpɛlɛ koni awo nyɔmɔ bɔni afee ni akɛ gbohii ahe eshai ake amɛ lɛ